The distribution rule and seepage effect of the fractures in the ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir in east Gansu Province,Ordos Basin

To study the impact of the fractures on development in the ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir of the Yangchang Formation of the Upper Triassic in the Ordos Basin,data on outcrops,cores,slices,well logging and experiments are utilized to analyze the cause of the formation of the fractures,their distribution rules and the control factors and discuss the seepage flow effect of the fractures. In the studied area developed chiefly high-angle tectonic fractures and horizontal bedding fractures,inter-granular fractures and grain boundary fractures as well. Grain boundary fractures and intragranular fractures serve as vital channels linking intragranular pores and intergranular solution pores in the reservoir matrix,thus providing a good connectivity between the pores in the ultra-low perme-ability sandstone reservoir. The formation of fractures and their distribution are influenced by such external and internal factors as the palaeo-tectonic stress field,the reservoir lithological character,the thickness of the rock layer and the anisotropy of a layer. The present-day stress field influences the preservative state of fractures and their seepage flow effect. Under the tec-tonic effect of both the Yanshan and Himalayan periods,in this region four sets of fractures are distributed,respectively assuming the NE-SW,NW-SE,nearly E-W and nearly S-N orientations,but,due to the effect of the rock anisotropy of the rock formation,in some part of it two groups of nearly orthogonal fractures are chiefly distributed. Under the effect of the present-day stress field,the fractures that assume the NE-SW direction have a good connectivity,big apertures,a high permeability and a minimum starting pressure,all of which are main advantages of the seepage fractures in this region. With the development of oilfields,the permeability of the fractures of dif-ferent directions will have a dynamic change.     

降雨作用下碎石土滑坡解体变形破坏机制研究

为了揭示碎石土滑坡的变形解体破坏机制,结合工程实例,通过资料搜集整理和分析、现场工程地质调查与勘探和室内外的物理力学试验,采用不平衡推力法、数理统计分析方法和三维弹塑性接触有限元算法,以及运用碎石土边坡地下水管网状排泄系统理论,分析降雨作用下碎石土滑坡的变形解体破坏过程,揭示了降雨作用下中深层碎石土滑坡变形解体破坏的主要机制和一般的力学机制。结果表明,一定强度的长时间连续降雨或强降雨是中深层碎石土滑坡发生失稳的主要触发因素;采用考虑降雨作用的弹塑性接触有限元算法,可以更好地反映该类型滑坡在降雨作用下所处的实际状态及滑坡的滑动过程,可以为该类型滑坡稳定性的准确评价和预测预报提供可资借鉴的方法。     

利用地脉动台阵记录反演场地浅层Vs结构

比较了影响Love波相速度频散曲线的主要因素,通过虚拟反演,说明了利用Love波相速度反演浅层剪切波速度结构的可行性,以地脉动台阵3分量观测记录提取的Love波相速度频散曲线为目标函数,利用遗传算法与单纯形法混合算法,分两种情况反演了某实际工程场地的浅层剪切波速度结构。结果表明,利用从地脉动台阵3分量观测资料中提取的Love波相速度反演工程场地浅层的剪切波速度Vs结构是一种很有前景的技术方法。     

基于FCM算法的粗糙集理论在边坡稳定性影响因素敏感性分析中的应用

结合粗糙集理论与模糊C-均值（FCM）算法,提出一种边坡稳定性影响因素敏感性分析新方法。将边坡稳定性影响因素敏感性分析问题转化为粗糙集理论中的属性重要性评价问题,采用FCM算法离散连续属性数据,给出敏感性分析的具体算法。以圆弧型破坏边坡为例,对影响边坡稳定性的单因素与多因素敏感性进行分析,证明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基坑土钉支护设计的简单算法研究

土钉支护技术在深基坑开挖和支护中已得到了广泛的应用,但对其工作机制和计算方法的研究尚不完善。目前数值模拟算法较多,但其本构模型准确地选择及相关参数的确定需要进行大量的三轴试验或真三轴试验。基于此,提出3个假设,建立简单的计算模型,并对土钉的工作机制深入研究,得到土钉拉力的“二半支抛物线”分布规律,推导出土钉支护设计的解析算法相关公式。以徐州彭城地下广场深基坑土钉支护工程为例,进行土钉拉力现场测试,对基坑水平位移、沉降进行观测,所测数据验证了文中公式的可靠性,为类似基坑工程的设计和施工提供参考。     

基于四面体格网的三维地质体建模算法

构建真三维模型是地质学、三维GIS、科学可视化及工程应用领域共同关心的课题。提出了基于TEN的三维离散数据的构模,详细说明了从离散的三维初始数据点建Delaunay四面体格网的算法和步骤。算例表明,该算法能够较好地生成任意形状三维地质体。      

两种智能算法在求解地下水管理模型中的对比

分别将禁忌搜索和遗传算法与地下水流模型MODFLOW和地下水溶质运移模型MT3DMS相耦合,并将其应用于求解地下水资源优化管理模型。在概述两种智能算法基本原理和地下水管理模型组成的基础上,结合两个理想的应用实例,从优化结果和计算效率两个方面对禁忌搜索和遗传算法进行了对比分析。在两个实例中,禁忌搜索分别以高于遗传算法10倍和27倍的计算效率得到了减少抽水流量约160 m³/d和节约治理成本约47万元的治理方案。结果表明,禁忌搜索在求解地下水管理模型中具有较好的应用前景。     

基于Mean-shift影像分割算法的TM影像分类及城市扩展研究

以马来西亚雪兰莪州及首都吉隆坡为例,将Mean-shift算法的影像分割方法应用于研究区的TM影像分类中,较传统方法的分类精度更高,可满足应用需求.依据该分类结果对研究区的空间城市化特征进行分析.发现近期研究区一直处于高速扩展阶段,外延式扩展和填充式扩展并行发展成为该研究区城市扩展的主导模式.     

Simulation of torsional shear test results with neuro-fuzzy control system

In the first part of this study, a series of stress-controlled hollow cylinder cyclic torsional triaxial shear tests were conducted on loose to medium dense saturated samples of clean Toyoura sand to investigate its liquefaction behavior. A uniform cyclic sinusoidal loading at a 0.1 Hz frequency was applied to air-pluviated samples where confining pressure and relative density was varied. Cyclic shear stress–strain changes, the number of cycles to reach liquefaction and pore pressure variations were recorded. Results indicate that the liquefaction resistances of uniform sands are significantly affected by the method of sample preparation and initial conditions.     

A positive definite continuous FEM model for advection

This work introduces a continuous and sign-preserving finite element model (FEM) for advection problems. The model is formulated by integrating flux corrected transport technique (FCT) with the characteristic based (CB) FEM. Low order solution for the FCT has the form of element contribution and derives from an upwind monotone scheme with the minimum necessary diffusion for positivity. Selected numerical experiments illustrate the efficacy of the method by comparing results with some successful models, by demonstrating an approximate conservation of the accuracy of original CB algorithm once the complete procedure is operating, and by testing the model for severe time dependent advective flows.