铝土矿资源量估算新方法探讨

偃龙铝土矿（洛阳部分）是豫西地区通过整装勘查新发现的大型铝土矿床.在偃龙铝土矿勘查工作的基础上,通过深入研究铝土矿在垂向和横向上存在矿物和矿产方面的相变特征,在铝土矿的矿体圈定和连接方面提出了铝土矿与其共生矿产在走向和倾向上呈渐变过渡关系的新认识.基于该认识确定了一种新的铝土矿资源量的估算方法.     

桂西平果教美矿区堆积型铝土矿形成过程中矿物转化与元素迁移

桂西地区铝土矿为典型喀斯特型,包括二叠系沉积型和第四系堆积型两亚类。堆积型铝土矿是沉积型铝土矿经抬升、破碎、风化,最后堆积于喀斯特洼地中形成。以平果教美铝土矿为研究对象,探索堆积型铝土矿形成过程中矿物的变化与元素迁移。沉积型矿石的矿物组成包括硬水铝石、鲕绿泥石、锐钛矿及少量针铁矿、金红石和高岭石;堆积型矿石的矿物组成主要为硬水铝石、锐钛矿、高岭石及少量三水铝石和鲕绿泥石。转化过程中堆积型矿石中的硬水铝石含量明显增加,鲕绿泥石含量明显减少。沉积型铝土矿的主要化学组成为Al₂O₃、SiO₂、FeO和TiO₂;堆积型为Al₂O₃、SiO₂、TiO₂和Fe₂O₃。两类矿石中元素Zr 、Ba、Nb、V含量均较高,稀土总量变化大,富集轻稀土。质量平衡计算表明堆积型铝土矿形成过程中Al、Ba、Sr、Y等元素增加,而Si、Fe、Ti、Nb、V、Ce等元素减少,其余元素变化不明显。     

贵州喀斯特铝土矿具芽胞苔藓种类特征——以贵州省清镇市林歹铝土矿区为例

对贵州省清镇市站街镇林歹铝土矿第二矿区的油菜种植区、矿土上部树林区、废石堆积区、矿土堆积恢复区4类环境进行苔藓植物采集,并对具芽胞苔藓种类进行统计分析,结果表明:（1）经鉴定发现苔藓植物10科22属37种,优势种（频度大于10%）为日本大丛藓Molendoa japonica Broth.（18.72%）和银叶真藓Bryum argenteum Hedw.（11.06%）;（2）发现8种具芽胞苔藓,占总种数的21.62%,隶属于丛藓科Pottiaceae和真藓科Bryaceae,其中日本大丛藓和芽胞银藓Anomobryum gemmigerum Broth.为常见具芽胞苔藓;（3）油菜种植区中具芽胞苔藓种类最多（6种）,但出现频度不高,非该类环境中的优势种,日本大丛藓在4类环境中均有发现;(4)在4类环境中,相对恶劣条件下具芽胞苔藓出现的几率更大;（5）瘤根真藓Bryum bornholmenseWinkelm.& Ruthe.和毛状真藓Bryum apiculatum Schwagr.的芽胞长于假根上,其余种类芽胞均见于叶腋处,呈扫帚状,芽胞形态上呈现多样性,有球形、棒形、棒槌形、芽形、纺锤状和火炬状。      

论高岭石粘土和铝土矿研究的新进展

过去我国地质界向前苏联学习,把球粘土(Ballclay)作为高岭土或耐火粘土的一个变种,使我们找矿走入误区,以致后来从美国进口球粘土。其实球粘土的结晶性质这个内在因素与高岭土或耐火粘土常不相同,则派生的性能更不一样,应成为独立的矿种,还可与国际接轨。又过去国内外学者认为高岭石高度有序为热液型的,而沉积型的为无序高岭石。但笔者等的研究,我国高岭石高度有序而规模大且均匀稳定的,应算沉积型的紫矸(古生代高岭石软质粘土),可以作流动性好的造纸涂料。又我国硬水铝石岩溶铝土矿,应属于生物有机质成矿作用的沉积型铝土矿。     

贵州务川瓦厂坪铝土矿床地质特征

研究表明[2~5],铝土矿产于中下志留统韩家店组(S1-2hj)页岩或上石炭统黄龙组(C2h)灰岩侵蚀面上,含矿层位为中二叠统梁山组(P2l),赋矿围岩主要为炭质页岩和铝土质页岩,分布受向斜构造控制,含矿岩系厚度与铝土矿层厚度、铝土矿石质量关系密切;矿床成因属古风化壳沉积型。     

广西岩溶堆积型铝土矿矿床特征

岩溶堆积型铝土矿床是我国华南特有的一种新的铝土矿矿床类型,该类型矿床与其他铝土矿床相比存在较大的特殊性,其特殊性的表现随着勘探阶段的深入,得到了不断的归纳、论述,文章根据矿床地质勘探工作和矿山建成后多年生产(基建)勘探成果和矿山生产实际,就该矿床表现出的特殊性进行了分析研究,提出了新的认识.     

黔北地区桃园向斜铝土矿矿床地质特征及找矿方向

桃园向斜铝土矿位于道真县东部,是务川-正安-道真地区铝土矿的一个组成部分.该铝土矿产于二叠纪梁山组地层中,属于沉积型铝土矿床,其中地质历史时期的沉积间断对铝土矿的形成有重要作用.通过对其成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征的分析,总结了桃园向斜铝土矿的控矿因素及其找矿标志,并指出向斜的深部及西翼中部和南部具有较大的找矿潜力.     

贵州大竹园大型铝土矿稀土元素地球化学特征及其意义

贵州大竹园大型铝土矿是中国近年来取得重要找矿进展的大型铝土矿之一。以采自大竹园矿区栗园向斜不同部位铝土矿、铝土岩和黏土岩的样品为研究对象,分析了这些样品的稀土元素含量(质量分数)特征及空间分布特征,研究了稀土元素含量与铝土矿质量及成矿过程的关系,最后就稀土元素对于成因和环境的指示意义进行了讨论。结果表明:铝土矿、铝土岩和黏土岩稀土元素总含量(不包括Y)分别为107.07×10-6、185.00×10-6和246.28×10-6,依次增高,说明铝土矿的成矿过程是一个稀土元素贫化的过程,也是Eu异常和Ce异常趋于增大的过程,即相对于黏土岩来说,铝土矿具有高Eu异常、Ce异常的特征;相对于重稀土元素来说,无论是栗园向斜西翼还是东翼,铝土矿轻稀土元素相对富集,且轻稀土元素含量以及La与Yb含量之比均随深度变浅而增加;单纯利用稀土元素图解不能有效反映成矿物质的来源,但可以大体反映含矿岩系形成于海相或海陆过渡相环境;大竹园大型铝土矿与黔北其他铝土矿一样,总体上属于沉积型,可能与古喀斯特化过程、古风化过程有关。     

广西扶绥—崇左地区铝土矿矿产远景调查主要进展及成果

在龙州地区首次发现早石炭世的堆积型铝土矿矿源层,提出广西堆积型铝土矿至少存在早石炭世和晚二叠世两个时代的矿源层。探索运用高密度电阻率法寻找古风化壳沉积型铝土矿的有效性试验工作。提交新发现矿产地4处,探获新增铝土矿(334₁)资源量5 289.15万吨。重新厘定区域地层岩性及岩相特征,系统总结区内铝土矿矿床(点)的时空分布特征、控矿地质条件、成矿规律及找矿标志,建立了区域成矿模式和预测找矿模型,圈定成矿远景区5处,找矿靶区6处,开展区域矿产预测,初步评价了本区铝土矿资源潜力。为该地区下一步地质调查、矿产勘查规划和开发提供了丰硕的基础资料和有益参考。     

Importance of hydrogeological conditions during formation of the karstic bauxite deposits,Central Guizhou Province,Southwest China: A case study at Lindai deposit

Karstic bauxite deposits are widespread in Central Guizhou Province, SW China, and high-grade ores are frequently sandwiched with overlying coal and underlying iron-rich layers and form a special “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. The Lindai deposit, which is one of the most representative karstic bauxite deposits in Central Guizhou Province, was selected as a case study. Based on textural features and iron abundances, bauxite ores in the Lindai deposit are divided into three types of ores, i.e., clastic, compact, and high-iron. The bauxite ores primarily comprise diaspore, boehmite, kaolinite, illite, and hematite with minor quartz, smectite, pyrite, zircon, rutile, anatase, and feldspar. The Al₂O₃ (53–76.8 wt.%) is the main chemical contents of the bauxite ore samples in the Lindai district, followed by SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, CaO, MgO, S, and P etc. Our geological data on the Lindai deposit indicated that the ore-bearing rock series and its underlying stratum have similar rare earth elements distribution pattern and similar Y/Ho, Zr/Hf, and Eu/Eu¹ values; additionally, all ore-bearing rock samples are rich in MgO (range from 0.16 wt.% to 0.68 wt.%), and the plots of the dolomites and laterites lie almost on or close to the weathering line fit by the Al-bearing rocks in Zr vs. Hf and Nb vs. Ta diagrams; suggesting that the underlying Middle Cambrian Shilengshui Formation dolomite is the parent rock of bauxite resources in the Lindai district.Simulated weathering experiments on the modern laterite from the Shilengshui Formation dolomite in the Lindai bauxite deposit show that hydrogeological conditions are important for karstic bauxite formation: Si is most likely to migrate, its migration rate is several magnitudes higher than those of Al and Fe under natural conditions; the reducing inorganic acid condition is the most conducive to Al enrichment and Si removal; Fe does not migrate easily in groundwater, Al enrichment and Fe removal can occur only in acidic and reducing conditions with the presence of organic matter.The geological and experimental studies show that “coal–bauxite–iron” structure in Lindai deposit is formed under certain hydrogeological conditions, i.e., since lateritic bauxite or Al-rich laterite deposited upon the semi-closed karst depressions, Si can be continuously removed out under neutral/acidic groundwater conditions; the coal/carbonaceous rock overlying the bauxitic materials were easily oxidized to produce acidic (H₂S, H₂SO₄, etc.) and reductant groundwater with organic materials that percolated downward, resulting in enrichment of Al in underlying bauxite; it also reduced Fe³⁺ to its easily migrating form Fe²⁺, moving downward to near the basal carbonate culminated in precipitating of ferruginous (FeS₂, FeCO₃, etc.) strata of the “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. Thus, the bauxitic materials experienced Al enrichment and Si and Fe removal under above certain hydrogeological conditions forming the high-quality bauxite.