基于多源数据的环京津贫困带县域产业承接潜力测度及分区优化

识别区域产业承接潜力及优化承接潜力区格局是实现产业转移承接的重要前提。以环京津贫困带为研究对象,基于产业生态承载力、产业吸引力、产业支撑力、产业发展力与产业选择力5个维度,构建贫困带产业承接潜力评价指标体系,运用多指标综合评价模型测度产业承接潜力水平,采用标准显示性比较优势指数(NRCA)与空间聚类法实现环京津贫困带产业承接潜力的分区优化。结果表明:1)环京津贫困带县域产业承接潜力具有明显的空间分异特征,中、高水平单元主要位于“京津”以及张家口、承德和保定市辖区周边;低水平单元主要分布在西北部坝上高原和燕山—太行山脉。2)结合环京津贫困带发展规划及策略,将环京津贫困带划分为产业适度转移区、产业重点转移区和产业优先转移区,依据各类型区特点提出产业承接转移导向,科学定位不同县域产业发展方向。     

陕西省凤县矿产资源开发和可持续发展

以陕西省凤县在矿产资源开发中存在的问题为典例，利用战略管理理论，分析了地处我国西部贫困山区的凤县在矿产资源优势向经济优势转化中的产业结构、矿产资源保护、生态环境保护、资本良性循环等问题。从可持续发展的视角，通过演绎推理，提出了西部矿产资源开发中普遍出现的问题与解决方案。     

利用地理国情普查数据进行区位优势度评价的探索及应用分析

地理国情普查数据是通过详尽的采集与整理工作,获取的全面、准确、详细的区域地表自然和人文地理要素的分布及特征数据。区位优势度是衡量区域经济、社会发展情况及其潜力的一项重要指标,是进行城乡体系规划工作的重要参照。本文将深入探讨基于地理国情普查成果数据,结合相关公开统计资料,以交通网络密度、交通干线影响度、经济影响力作为基本指标,进行区位优势度评价的方法,并结合具体案例进行应用分析。     

MII三倍体杂色鲍生长优势的初步比较研究

自1999～2001年在三亚市渔业贸易公司龙坡鲍鱼基地对热带、亚热带暖水型杂色鲍(Haliotisdiversicolor)三倍体诱导进行了初步探索研究 ,采用冷休克抑制第二极体方法获得MII三倍体杂色鲍的胚胎、鲍苗及成鲍 ,并比较了低温 :3 ,9 ,13 ,15℃及低温与药物相结合两种方式的变化情况 ,结果表明在水温13℃并结合药物刺激方法产生的三倍成活率、倍化率都比较高 ,适合于产业化推广。在2001年3～4月用此方法共培育MII三倍体杂色鲍1.4×105粒。三倍体与二倍体杂色鲍相比 ,在生长速度、成活率及出肉率方面都有明显的优势     

New Zealand seafood firm competitiveness in export markets: The role of the quota management system and aquaculture legislation

New Zealand's quota management system (QMS) was implemented in 1986 to address problems caused by a regulated open entry management system in place for the previous two decades. Excess capacity in the inshore fisheries caused several stocks to become depleted and conflicts to intensify between fishing sectors. The allocation of individual transferable quota (ITQ) was viewed as the best way to improve efficiency within the over-capitalised inshore fisheries and provide incentives for developing the deepwater fisheries. The expected benefits of the QMS fit with the political climate at that time, as the government was using market forces to address the deteriorating economy. This article outlines the results of a research project that involved four medium to large-sized, highly vertically integrated New Zealand seafood firms. The purpose of the project was to identify these firms’ sources of competitiveness in export markets and the process the firms used to develop sources of competitiveness, while adapting to rapid and radical changes to the political and business environment and transformation of the fisheries management system. The project's results show that the basis to seafood firm competitiveness is the security of supply to the fisheries resource provided by the QMS and aquaculture legislation. The project also outlines the role that government policies have in sustaining firm- and industry-level competitiveness. This article contributes to the broader discussion on the application of ITQ and other types of long-term access rights to the management of fisheries and does not express the views of the Ministry of Fisheries.     

岩相古地理优势相方法及应用——兼谈“广义”与“狭义”岩相古地理及若干新的研究方向*

提出岩相古地理研究的优势相思路与方法,优势相划分由等时性界面限定的沉积持续时间和沉积厚度这条主线串联起来。优势相分析具有定性与定量兼有的特征,即以各种定性与定量的、反映某个时期或阶段沉积环境特点的关键因素或指标资料为基础,由点到线、由线到面,点、线、面结合,由二维到三维空间,确定该阶段或该时期占优势的主导沉积相或岩相。主导沉积相或岩相既要满足沉积持续时间的主导、又要满足沉积物质表现优势,还需满足盆地或区块总体背景和环境格局上的合理性与综合性。指出优势因素(或称优势参数)是优势相确定的基础和前提。提出了“广义岩相古地理”和“狭义岩相古地理”2个概念,在其研究内容、精度、理论深度、研究区域范围和应用等方面进行区别,但并不能由一两个指标就简单区分,需要综合对比和分析才可以界定。论文还论述了岩相古地理研究出现的7个新方向,这些新的研究方向可根据研究目的和解决的实际勘探目标,进行广义和狭义岩相古地理分析。运用优势相分析思路和方法,在柴达木盆地新生代等时性地层划分及建立了盆地等时地层格架基础上,进行了柴达木盆地关键时期岩相古地理恢复。     

从动态比较优势理论协调江苏省区域发展

江苏省内分为三大区域：苏北、苏中和苏南,各区域之间经济发展极不平衡,且苏北、苏中与苏南之间的经济差距有日渐扩大的趋势。区域的协调发展才是江苏省经济持续高速发展的基础。动态比较优势理论认为地区的优势不是一成不变的,虽然苏北、苏中在历史因素、地理区位、发展基础、人口素质上处于劣势,但是近几年来在劳动力数量上、政策上和生态环境上逐渐发展,具有了优势。苏中、苏北的发展之路要首先解决的问题是中心城市的选择,发挥扩散作用,带动区域的发展。其次向苏南城市寻求辐射。然后最大限度地发挥企业的市场主体作用,实现产业布局一体化。     

中国制造业省区分布及其影响因素

改革开放以来,中国制造业空间格局发生了显著变化,多数产业在20世纪80年代趋于空间分散而在90年代趋于地理集中;大部分省区的制造业结构逐渐多元化,90年代后期以来趋于专业化。中国制造业的地理格局存在显著的产业间差异,出口加工型产业越来越向沿海省区集中,原材料指向型更加接近资源地而比较分散,消费市场导向型产业需要就近市场也趋于分散,各地区竞相发展的高利润、高税收产业也更趋于分散。本文系统考察了影响各制造业省区地理分布的区位因素,发现影响我国制造业省区分布的重要因素依次为政策和制度因素、劳动力素质和成本、规模经济、自然资源和区位通达性,但不同类型产业的地理分布影响因素差异较大。     

基于NRCA模型的辽宁省水资源利用比较优势分析

根据辽宁省14个城市1997—2006年相关数据,运用比较优势原理,采用NRCA模型,计算各城市水资源利用的规模优势指数和效益优势指数,进而加权合成各城市水资源利用的比较优势度。应用聚类分析法将14个城市进行分类,并对其进行时空分异分析,揭示了影响辽宁省各区域生产用水比较优势的驱动因素,即为自然条件、经济水平以及用水效率;影响生活用水比较优势的驱动因素为城市化率。研究结果表明,辽宁省灌溉用水优势区域为辽西北区;林牧渔业用水优势区域主要分布在沿海地带及牧草地发达区;工业用水优势区域为辽中南地区。研究成果可为辽宁省水资源科学配置提供参考。     

Site suitability and the analytic hierarchy process: How GIS analysis can improve the competitive advantage of the Jamaican coffee industry

This paper presents a site suitability model for growing coffee in the island of Jamaica and how it can be used to assist the development of the Jamaican coffee industry as it seeks to regain the presence it once had in the specialty coffee market. Home to the Jamaica Blue Mountain coffee – one of the world's most exotic and expensive coffees, the industry has struggled in face of increased competition in the specialty coffee market and increasing costs of production. This decline in competitive advantage has forced stakeholders to seek innovative means to remain viable. This suitability model integrated the perspectives of local coffee stakeholders using the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights for the biophysical and infrastructure criteria used in the suitability analysis. The results indicated that the most suitable locations for growing coffee in the island were in the mountainous core of central and eastern Jamaica, especially in and around the Jamaica Blue Mountain coffee region and the hills of south-central Jamaica. The results also highlighted areas with limited coffee production potential across the island. This model lays the groundwork for potential applications of the model such as its use in policy making decisions and scenario planning as the industry contemplates the possible impacts of climate change on coffee growing regions across the island. This suitability model promises to be a stepping stone in the creation of novel applications of geospatial technology in agriculture within small islands.