1：50000数据库的更新服务数据库系统设计与实现

1：50000数据库的更新工程数据库服务系统是以1：50000数据库更新成果为基础．建立了一个基于B／S结构的服务系统,满足更新数据快速发布、浏览、应急服务等需求。本文介绍了陔系统的设计思想、系统总体架构、数据库设计与建库、软件功能设计与实现,为其他地理信息数据系统建设提供借豁。     

The Importance of Geography in Education II

Abstract

The concept of scale is fundamental to geography, yet the definitions for “scale” and related spatial terms can be confusing to those working in other spatial science disciplines. This is particularly true in the emerging multidisciplinary world of integrated remote sensing and geographic information systems, or IGIS's, where data of different types and at various spatial and temporal scales are combined to support complex space-time data analyses. Without a basic lexicon of accepted scale terms, working within an IGIS can breed confusion in the interpretation of data and the models that result from an IGIS construct. This paper provides some terminologies of scale that can be used as a framework for a multidisciplinary lexicon of accepted scaling terms and describes their relationships to an IGIS. It also illustrates how scaling terms can be potentially misunder stood when applied to geographic techniques that are used in disciplines related to geography.     

大孔径闪烁仪和涡动相关仪观测显热通量之间的尺度关系

利用北京昌平小汤山2002年、2004年涡动相关仪和大孔径闪烁仪的观测数据,借助解析足迹模型计算的源区,分析均匀、非均匀下垫面上涡动相关仪和大孔径闪烁仪观测显热通量之间的差异和关系.结果表明:地表的均匀与非均匀性质,直接影响涡动相关仪和大孔径闪烁仪观测的显热通量的差异大小.在分析均匀、非均匀地表上2种仪器源区重叠面积及重叠区域内足迹值大小与观测通量值之间的关系后,构建一个非均匀地表上2台涡动相关仪与1台闪烁仪观测通量之间的尺度关系式.     

景观格局与水土流失的尺度特征与耦合方法

景观格局与生态过程的耦合研究是景观生态学研究的核心科学问题,也是综合自然地理学深化和发展的关键.尺度广泛存在于生态学现象中,尺度效应与尺度转换是景观生态学研究面临的挑战,探讨格局与过程之间相互作用机理与尺度特征是为解决尺度问题提供理论依据的必然途径.水土流失作为一种生态过程,是国内外颇为关注的生态问题.依据多种研究手段,在不同尺度上开展景观格局与水土流失的相互关系与尺度特征的研究,在分析景观格局的时空异质性、水土流失的影响因子与尺度效应的基础上,揭示流域景观格局与水土流失的耦合机理,发展尺度转换方法和景观格局-水土流失过程耦合模型,是完善景观生态学的理论基础,是为水土流失区生态建设提供科学依据的重要途径.     

基于特征提取的光学影像和SAR影像自动配准

针对现有的配准方法用于多光谱影像与SAR遥感影像配准时，存在受SAR图像斑纹噪声影像大、手工选取配准控制点精度低、利用图像景物特征配准时获取区域和边沿困难等问题，以SPOT5影像与RADARSATSAR影像配准进行实验，提出了一种利用改进的SIFT在提取的特征图像上寻找匹配点进行粗配准，然后利用交叉累积剩余熵作为相似性测度结合原始影像信息寻找光学特征图像的角点在SAR影像上的匹配点并进行精配准的方法，配准精度达到了子像素级水平。实验结果表明该方法对多源遥感影像有很强的适应性，配准精度高。     

垂直网格计算频散性的研究

在线性斜压原始方程组的基础上, 从频率和群速方面讨论了几种垂直跳点网格和时间—垂直跳点网格的计算频散性, 并指出了出现错误群速的垂直尺度范围。以便为原始方程大气模式选取垂直网格提供指导。     

阔克沙勒—吉萨尔地震活动时间的多重分形研究

应用多重分形的标度指数谱f(α)～α方法分析阔克沙勒——吉萨尔地区地震活动时间序列,发现一定范围内地震多重分形f(α)～α在大震前有明显的异常显示。说明f(α)谱研究地震的多重分形,简单、有效、能全面地描述地震时间分布这类不均匀分形集。     

“A world in a grain of sand”: towards a reconceptualisation of geographical scale

Difficulties in relating local scale change to broader dynamics of social and economic restructuring continue to be reflected in much geographical research. This paper argues that inadequate conceptualisations of geographical scale restrict the relevance of much research to the agenda of an applied peoples' geography. A framework which conceptualises geographical scale as dialectically and internally related to the totality of social relations, is proposed and discussed with examples from remote mining regions in Australia.     

An observational study of 300 mb winds in the tropical belt. Part II: Dynamical interpretation

An estimate of the magnitudes of the absolute vorticity advection terms and the terms in the balance equation suggest that the use of the barotropic vorticity equation within 5 degrees of latitude of the equator is not very good and that the linear balance equation is as good as the nonlinear balance equation in the equatorial region. Zonal Fourier analysis has revealed that the contribution from planetary scale waves is much larger than that from synoptic scale waves, being more in the winter hemisphere than in the summer hemisphere. In classical scale analysis there must be a distinction in wavelength between the zonal and the meridional directions for planetary scale waves. This distinction does not appear to be necessary for synoptic scale waves.