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991.
Seismic Wave Propagation and Excitation in Multi-layered Media with Irregular Interfaces Part (Ⅰ): SH Case 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Study of seismic wave excitation and propagation in laterally heterogeneous media was an active and important subject in seismology in the past two decades, numerous analytical and numerical efforts have been made in this research field. In this article, I have, first, made a brief review on those developments and then introduced and summarized a unified and efficient method, global generalized reflection-transmission (abbreviated to R/T thereafter) matrices method, for synthetic seismograms in multi-layered media with irregular interfaces developed by the author [24~26]. As demonstrated in this article, this method could be regarded as an extension of the generalized R/T coefficients method for the horizontally layered case [2,5] to the layered media with irregularly shaped interfaces by incorporating the T matrices technique [27,28]. Because of the use of a recursive scheme in computing the global generalized R/T matrices, this method is efficient, particularly for the case with a large number of irre 相似文献
992.
993.
百余年的ENSO事件与北京汛期旱涝的统计关系 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
利用王绍武等人最近对近百年ENSO事件及强度的研究结果,对ENSO事件与北京汛期相当暴雨日数的统计关系进行分析,表明,ENSO事件与北京沁期旱涝存在较复杂的统计关系,ENSO事件的性质,强度,起始季节和持续时间长短等与汛期旱涝的对应关系是复杂的。根据1867-1998年的ENSO事件和同期北京汛期相当暴雨日数资料,给出一些统计结果。 相似文献
994.
995.
B. J. M. Goes 《Hydrogeology Journal》1999,7(3):294-304
The Hadejia–Nguru Wetlands are annually inundated flood plains in semi-arid northeastern Nigeria. The area has a unique ecosystem
that forms a natural barrier against the encroachment of the Sahara desert. Both the rich wetland vegetation and local farmers
using shallow tube wells depend on a groundwater mound (with a water table less than 6 m below the surface) that is present
in the unconfined aquifer under the flood-plain area. Using well records (1991–97) and a hydrogeologic profile based on piezometers
that were monitored for two years, it is shown that recharge through the annually inundated flood plains is the source of
the groundwater mound. Maintenance of the groundwater-recharge function of the flood plains depends on wet-season releases
from two large upstream dams. On the basis of a water-budget method, the mean (1991–97) wet-season unconfined groundwater
recharge in the flood-plain area between Hadejia and Nguru and in the immediate vicinity (1250 km2) is estimated to be 132 mm (range, 73–197 mm). Outflow from the unconfined flood-plain aquifer to the unconfined upland aquifer
is approximately 10% of the wet-season flood-plain recharge. The unconfined groundwater outflow from the flood-plain area
can provide a significant contribution to the present-day rural water supply in the surrounding uplands, but it does not offer
much potential for additional groundwater abstraction. In addition to outflow to the upland aquifer (∼14 mm), the distribution
of the annually recharged water volume of the shallow flood-plain aquifer is (1) domestic uses (3 mm), (2) small-scale irrigation
(∼15 mm), and (3) evapotranspiration ( 1 100 mm). Along the hydrogeologic profile, the recharge in the upland (i.e., outflow
from the unconfined flood-plain aquifer and possibly diffuse rain-fed recharge) is in balance with the water uses (i.e., domestic
uses, groundwater outflow, and evapotranspiration). The absence of a seasonal water-level trend in the two piezometers in
the upland indicates that no rain-fed recharge occurs through preferential path-way (macropore) flow.
Received, June 1998 / Revised, November 1998, January 1999 / Accepted, January 1999 相似文献
996.
The aim of the study is to investigate the interaction between waters of Lake Girdev and groundwater in the allochthonous
limestone units exposed in the area between Lake Girdev and Kazanpınarı Spring, southwestern Turkey. The features analyzed
include the flow direction and apparent groundwater velocity, their relationship with Lake Girdev, and the effect of lithological
and structural features on the groundwater circulation. The results of a fluorescein tracer test indicate that groundwater
flows east-northeast and the apparent flow velocity ranges from 26.2 to 35.6 m h–1 between the injection site and various observation points. Tritium data suggest that the water of Lake Girdev and groundwater
are probably similar in age, and oxygen-18 isotope data indicate that water derived from Lake Girdev is the main source of
recharge to the aquifer. The aquifer is fed not only by Lake Girdev but also by rainfall percolating through allochthonous
limestones; together, these provide the discharge of springs in Elmalı Polje. The permeability of the allochthonous limestone
aquifer has been enhanced as a result of jointing and faulting.
Received, June 1997 / Revised, June 1998, March 1999 / Accepted, July 1999 相似文献
997.
Relation of streams, lakes, and wetlands to groundwater flow systems 总被引:24,自引:10,他引:14
Thomas C. Winter 《Hydrogeology Journal》1999,7(1):28-45
Surface-water bodies are integral parts of groundwater flow systems. Groundwater interacts with surface water in nearly all
landscapes, ranging from small streams, lakes, and wetlands in headwater areas to major river valleys and seacoasts. Although
it generally is assumed that topographically high areas are groundwater recharge areas and topographically low areas are groundwater
discharge areas, this is true primarily for regional flow systems. The superposition of local flow systems associated with
surface-water bodies on this regional framework results in complex interactions between groundwater and surface water in all
landscapes, regardless of regional topographic position. Hydrologic processes associated with the surface-water bodies themselves,
such as seasonally high surface-water levels and evaporation and transpiration of groundwater from around the perimeter of
surface-water bodies, are a major cause of the complex and seasonally dynamic groundwater flow fields associated with surface
water. These processes have been documented at research sites in glacial, dune, coastal, mantled karst, and riverine terrains.
Received, April 1998 · Revised, July 1998, August 1998 · Accepted, September 1998 相似文献
998.
999.
Deng Jinfu Mo Xuanxue Zhao Hailing LuoZhaohua Zhao GuochunDepartment of Geology Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1999,10(1)
Yanshanianmagma-tectonic-metalogenicbeltoftheEastChinaisapartofthecircum-Pacificdomain.Alotofpapershavebeenpublishedtodiscuss... 相似文献
1000.
动态追踪了云南地区第4 强震活跃期6 .3 级以上强震前波速比异常图像,显示出明显的南北差异:滇西南的1988 年11 月6 日澜沧- 耿马7 .6 、7 . 2 级和1993 年1 月27 日普洱6 .3 级强震发生在低波速比异常区内; 中缅边境上的1992 年4 月23 日6 .7 、6 .8 级和1995 年7 月12 日孟连西7 .2 级强震发生在低波速比异常区边缘;而滇西北的1996 年2 月3 日丽江7 .0 级、1976 年11 月7 日、12 月14 日宁蒗6 .7 、6 .4 级和滇东的1995 年10 月24 日武定6 .5 级强震却都发生在高波速比异常区内.强震前近震震级 ML 与持续时间震级 MD 的震级差的南北差异也进一步证实了波速比异常的差别. 相似文献