基于ASTER数据的归一化差异水体指数的建立及其应用

在分析归一化差异水体指数的基础上,根据ASTER数据不同地物的光谱特征,提出了基于ASTER数据的归一化差异化水体指数NDWIASTER1、4。并且利用这一指数进行水体信息的提取,发现这是一种简单易行结果客观有效的提取水体的方法。     

基于ASTER数据的冰川提取方法研究

利用高空间分辨率的Aster遥感影像数据进行冰川的提取,在提取过程中,根据以前的冰川提取的工作方法,结合本次实验数据的具体情况,设定了一套冰川提取的工作流程,经过检查对比,证明本次提取的工作精度是很高的,达到了实验数据的要求,并对冰舌末端的冰碛物的分类进行了研究,能够取得不错的效果。最后对本文的方法进行了总结及展望。     

基于ASTER数据的城市热环境效应定量分析

运用MODTRAN大气模型和通道光谱响应函数对2003年10月7日过境广西北海市的ASTER数据进行大气校正,从Planck公式和热辐射传输方程出发实现了地表温度的反演,采用ASTER VNIR和SWIR数据计算归一化植被指数(NDVI)和归一化湿度指数(NDWI),并分析了5个TIR通道地表温度、地表温度与NDVI、地表温度与NDWI之间的相关关系.结果表明,该方法反演5个TIR通道的地表温度具有显著的一致性,且与实测气温基本相符;地表温度与NDVI、NDWI之间具有明显的负相关关系;利用ASTER数据进行城市热环境效应定量分析,取得了较为理想的结果.     

漳平市森林可燃物类型变化遥感动态监测

森林可燃物类型的空间分布是林火蔓延、灭火可视化建模与仿真中需要考虑的重要因素之一。在对森林可燃物类型划分的研究进行回顾的基础上,提出了考虑树种信息的分类方法。根据漳平市2003年小班图层中的优势树种信息,获得该市2003年四种森林可燃物类型即竹林、阔叶树、杉木林以及马尾松的空间分布专题图。在此基础上,采用面向对象分类技术,对ASTER影像进行分类,探测每种可燃物类型的内部变化和外部变化。该技术利用影像分割技术构建分类对象,使每个对象具有光谱信息的同时,具备大小、形状、拓扑关系、类别层次等诸多信息。对分类结果进行评价的结果表明,利用面向对象分类技术,充分利用了光谱特征以及类别相关特征,提高了分类精度,分类的面积精度达到89.3%。由于影像分割过程应用了专题图层,对象的边界不会超越专题图层的边界,使得对现有图层的更新尤为容易。最后,利用矢量格式的遥感分类结果对原森林小班图层进行更新,获得新的可燃物类型图层,作为林火可视化模型的输入图层。该研究不仅提供了现势性强的森林可燃物类型图层,而且在不破坏原小班边界的基础上,对发生变化的区域进行刻画。对于森林资源管理者,提供了实地调查过程的目标区域的信息。     

亮温与地表温度表征的城市热岛尺度效应对比研究

利用ASTER数据反演亮温和地表温度,并对二者差异进行对比;利用地统计学界定采样的最大尺度范围,并分别将亮温和地表温度影像以原分辨率为基础进行尺度下推分析,在多尺度分割基础上,构建热岛面积百分比、热岛强度两个指标,用于表征城市热岛尺度效应的差异性。结果表明:亮温和地表温度在数量结构、表征地物温度变异程度上存在很大差异;随着像元尺度增加,用亮温和地表温度表征的城市热岛面积百分比存在明显的尺度效应,且前者明显强于后者,但二者表征的城市热岛强度的尺度效应不明显,且后者稍强于前者;二者表征的城市热岛面积百分比和热岛强度均存在明显差异,表明亮温表征城市热岛的欠合理性。鉴于以上不同,在相关研究中应谨慎选取研究尺度和温度类型。     

Regional assessment of landslide impact in the Three Gorges area, China, using ASTER data: Wushan-Zigui

This paper is focussed on the hazard impact of landslides in the Three Gorges, and represents the progression of our ongoing study on regional land instability assessment in the Three Gorges area using imagery data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Radiometer (ASTER). The key development here is the establishment of a model that integrates land instability with several factors that can relate hazard to human life, such as slope failures occurring in proximity to built-up areas and roads, and areas of high landslide risk along the bank of Yangtze and its major tributaries. The method correctly identifies some of the known destructive landslides in the region, like Qianjiangping and Huangtupo, as belonging to areas of potentially high landslide impact. Our results suggest that several population centres, including the towns of Wushan and Badong, are rated at high landslide hazard levels. This study highlights the importance of differentiating between landslide types within susceptibility assessment, and identifies those locations in the Three Gorges where the probability of landslide occurrence with negative impact to life and property is greatest.     

First recorded eruption of Mount Belinda volcano (Montagu Island), South Sandwich Islands

The MODVOLC satellite monitoring system has revealed the first recorded eruption of Mount Belinda volcano, on Montagu Island in the remote South Sandwich Islands. Here we present some initial qualitative observations gleaned from a collection of satellite imagery covering the eruption, including MODIS, Landsat 7 ETM+, ASTER, and RADARSAT-1 data. MODVOLC thermal alerts indicate that the eruption started sometime between 12 September and 20 October 2001, with low-intensity subaerial explosive activity from the islands summit peak, Mount Belinda. By January 2002 a small lava flow had been emplaced near the summit, and activity subsequently increased to some of the highest observed levels in August 2002. Observations from passing ships in February and March 2003 provided the first visual confirmation of the eruption. ASTER images obtained in August 2003 show that the eruption at Mount Belinda entered a new phase around this time, with fresh lava effusion into the surrounding icefield. MODIS radiance trends also suggest that the overall activity level increased significantly after July 2003. Thermal anomalies continued to be observed in MODIS imagery in early 2004, indicating a prolonged low-intensity eruption and the likely establishment of a persistent summit lava lake, similar to that observed on neighboring Saunders Island in 2001. Our new observations also indicate that lava lake activity continues on Saunders Island.Editorial responsibility: J. Gilbert     

利用ASTER遥感数据反演陆面温度的算法及应用研究

陆面温度是地气交换过程的一个重要参数,在生态环境研究中应用很广。传统方法只能进行点上的观测和计算,遥感的出现则使得计算区域陆面温度成为可能。ASTER遥感数据具有较高的空间分辨率和光谱分辨率,能够提供比NOAA/AVHRR和Landsat等遥感数据更丰富的陆面信息,有助于提高反演陆面温度的精度。本文以新疆自治区阿瓦提县典型研究区域为例,根据ASTER遥感数据的特点,基于温度/比辐射率分离算法的思想,运用ADE(AlphaDerivedEmissivity)、比值法和MMD(Maximum-MinimumDiffer-ence)三个模块计算陆面温度,并简要分析了模型的主要误差来源。分析结果表明本文所采用的算法是可行的,ASTER遥感数据用于反演陆面温度可以取得比较理想的结果,具有良好的应用前景。     

Morphotectonics of a small river basin in the South Indian granulite terrain: An assessment through spatially derived geomorphic indices

Neotectonic activity in Mahe (Mayyazhi) river basin and its implication in landform development and stream characteristics were investigated with the help of the digital elevation model-derived geomorphic indices. The analysis is based on the commonly used geomorphic indices such as hypsometric curve and integral, drainage basin asymmetry, transverse topographic symmetric factor (T), stream length (SL) gradient index and longitudinal profiles of the stream. Hypsometric integrals indicate that the basin has reached the base level and lesser amount of material remains for erosion and transportation. The basin is asymmetric and has a south-south-east directional tilt, but with a probable spin caused due to the presence of major strike slip fracture, the mouth portion of the Mahe river has been tilted towards north-north-west. The SL index with sudden and non-uniform variations supports the finding and indicates the relative tectonic activity and its influence over the river networks in the area. Longitudinal profile of the stream also reveals gradational changes in the profile with the presence of knick points. Cross comparison of the analysed geomorphic indices points towards neotectonic activity in the basin, which modified the river basin to the present morphology and is reflected in the characteristics of the river and the basin as a whole.     

利用ASTER卫星立体像对提取喀斯特数字地形模型——以广西大化高峰丛深洼地喀斯特地貌为例

ASTER卫星立体像对已经被成功地用于提取全球数字地形模型（DEM）,其有效性已经在不同类型的非喀斯特地貌区域得到验证。和一般地貌相比,喀斯特地形,特别是中国南方喀斯特,具有自己独特的形态特征。能否从ASTER影像中精确地提取喀斯特地貌DEM目前尚未见到有任何报道。本文利用ASTER影像成功地提取了广西大化地区高峰丛深洼地的喀斯特地貌DEM,并且将提取结果与同一地区1∶5万地形图控制点的高程和4个剖面的高程变化进行了对比。研究区内绝大部分区域是喀斯特地貌,但在其西北部有一舌状砂岩地貌分布,从而提供了一个很好的喀斯特和非喀斯特地貌DEM精度对比的机会。本文的研究结果表明,从ASTER影像提取出来的砂岩地貌的DEM均方根误差要小于喀斯特地区,表明从ASTER影像中能更有效地提取非喀斯特地貌的DEM。相比之下,提取得到的喀斯特DEM精确度则稍差。究其原因主要是因为研究区内独特的高峰丛深洼地地形形态。由于峰丛地形的阴影在构成立体像对的两幅影像（nadir-looking和aft-loo-king）上的大小和形态差异很大,导致了DEM生产过程中两幅影像不能精确配准,从而产生比较大的误差。相比之下,砂岩地区地貌相对比较平坦,地形阴影大小和形态在两幅影像上差别不大,故而能得到精度比较高的数字地形模型。本文研究结果同时还表明适当增加地面控制点能在一定程度上改善提取出来的喀斯特地貌DEM的精度。尽管提取的数字地形模型精度稍低,其均方根误差仍然远远小于该地区峰丛和洼地个体体量。因此本研究认为从ASTER立体像对提取的数字地形模型可广泛用于喀斯特地貌形态特征研究。