供电系统电力设备抗震性能分析及减灾对策

电力是现代化城市生活和工农业生产不可缺少的一部分,而震时电力设备是否完好是保证电网正常安全供电的重要物质基础。本文针对供电系统抗震防灾中存在的薄弱环节,结合以往震害经验,通过对电力设备抗震能力分析,对其地震安全性进行分析评价并提出相应的减灾对策。     

Determination of Sm‐Nd Isotopic Compositions in Fifteen Geological Materials Using Laser Ablation MC‐ICP‐MS and Application to Monazite Geochronology of Metasedimentary Rock in the North China Craton

In this study, we report both ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd values in twelve minerals (apatite, titanite, monazite and eudialyte) based on analyses over 4 years using LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS. The positive correlation between the measured β_Sm and β_Nd (r² = 0.9981) over this time in our laboratory demonstrates the excellent long‐term stability of the method. Compared with the normal method, Sm and Nd signal intensities were improved by a factor of 2.9 with the use of X skimmer and Jet sample cones in combination with the addition of nitrogen at 3–6 ml min^?1 to the central gas flow. The enhancement of signal intensity benefits the accurate in situ determination of the Sm‐Nd isotopes of samples poor in these elements. ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd values were also determined in two manganese nodules and GSMC Co‐rich crust with low mass fractions of Nd (94–293 μg g^?1). Generally, most of the obtained Sm‐Nd isotopic compositions in these geological materials are consistent with published values. ‘External reproducibility’ (2s) of ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd was typically better than 0.06‰ and 2.5‰, respectively, demonstrating that the Durango, Otter Lake, NW‐1 and MAD apatites, the Khan, and OLT‐1 titanites, MGMH#117531 monazite and LV01 eudialyte are promising candidate reference materials for in situ Sm‐Nd isotopic determinations. The Trebilcock, Mae Klang and 44069 monazites are only suitable for in situ Nd isotopic determinations because of their heterogeneous Sm/Nd compositions. The heterogeneous Sm‐Nd composition of titanite BLR‐1 demonstrates that it is not a suitable reference material for in situ Sm‐Nd isotopic determinations. Deep‐sea samples (NOD‐A‐1 and NOD‐P‐1 manganese nodule, GSMC Co‐rich crust) with low mass fractions of Nd also show homogenous Nd isotopic compositions. Sm‐Nd isotopic ratios of a monazite (MQG‐22) from the North China Craton were measured as a case study and gave a ¹⁴⁷Sm‐¹⁴³Nd isochron age of 1792 ± 35 Ma (MSWD = 3.2) consistent with the published metamorphic age of the host metasedimentary rocks. The results for both candidate reference materials and geological samples demonstrate that the in situ LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS analytical protocol described is feasible and robust for research in geological evolution.     

KV01 zircon—A potential New Archean reference material for microbeam U-Pb age and Hf-O isotope determinations

Science China Earth Sciences - To meet the rapid development of zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf-O isotope geochemistry, it is imperative to develop well-characterized zircon reference materials...     

非传统同位素体系在地幔地球化学研究中的重要性及其前景

非传统同位素体系(如Hf、Os、Li、Fe、Ti、Mg、He、Ar等)是相对于传统同位素体系(如Sr、Nd、Pb、O等)而言的,即新近发展起来的同位素体系。随着同位素测试技术的进步和多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS)、二次离子质谱仪(SIMS)以及激光剥蚀技术配合MC-ICP-MS(LA-MC-ICP-MS)等测试手段的开发应用,多种同位素体系(包括放射性同位素和稳定同位素体系)的示踪作用在地学研究中得到了日益广泛的应用。在简要介绍传统同位素体系的基础上,旨在总结报道近年来国际上有关非传统同位素体系在地幔地球化学研究中取得的重要成果,展示这些同位素体系在地幔地球化学研究中的重要性及其可能的应用前景,以加速我国在非传统同位素地球化学方面的应用研究。     

A Comprehensive Method for Precise Determination of Re,Os, Ir,Ru, Pt,Pd Concentrations and Os Isotopic Compositions in Geological Samples

A comprehensive method for the precise determination of Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Pt and Pd concentrations as well as Os isotopic compositions in geological samples is presented. Samples were digested by the Carius tube method, and the Os was extracted by conventional CCl₄ method. The Re, Ir, Ru, Pt and Pd were first subgroup separated from the matrix elements into Re‐Ru, Ir‐Pt and Pd by a 2‐ml anion exchange column. Subsequently, the Re‐Ru was further purified by a secondary 0.25 ml anion exchange column or by microdistillation of Ru using CrO₃‐H₂SO₄ as an oxidant followed by a secondary 0.25 ml anion exchange separation of Re. The Pd and Ir‐Pt were further successively purified by an Eichrom‐LN column to completely remove Zr and Hf, respectively. Rhenium, Ir, Ru, Pt and Pd were individually measured by multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS), except for Ru after microdistillation purification was analysed by negative‐thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (N‐TIMS). The analytical results for peridotite reference material WPR‐1 agree well with the previously published data. Finally, several mafic rock reference materials including TDB‐1, WGB‐1, BHVO‐2, BCR‐2, BIR‐1a and DNC‐1a were analysed for Re‐Os isotopes and platinum‐group element concentrations to test their suitability for certification.     

敏东一矿软岩区地下水注浆治理技术及应用研究

由于敏东一矿南一采区覆岩岩性较软且粘土成分含量较高,造成采空区垮落带的储水空间有限,煤矿面临的矿井水外排压力和地下水保护问题尤为突出。通过对导致地下水涌漏的原因进行分析,认为煤层开采引起的覆岩导水裂隙是造成地下水涌漏的主要根源,而采用地面钻孔、人工注浆封堵方法隔绝地下水泄流通道,实施帷幕注浆加固技术对巷道导水裂隙进行封堵,可以有效封堵覆岩导水裂隙。实践证明,根据矿区的地质和水文条件,按照隧道帷幕注浆工程设计和施工流程,优选注浆孔位置、间距、注浆材料和浆液配比、钻孔结构和注浆施工参数等,采用孔内止浆花管注浆对巷道软围岩进行帷幕灌浆,使巷道软围岩裂隙得到充分充填和加固,是解决矿区矿井水“零排放”难题、实现地下水保护的重要途径。     

钨矿床地球化学研究进展：以黑钨矿U-Pb、Sm-Nd、Lu-Hf 同位素年代学与微量元素为例

黑钨矿是钨矿床中最主要的矿石矿物之一,对其直接开展定年研究能更有效厘定钨成矿时间。黑钨矿通常含有一定量的U且部分样品具有较高的Sm/Nd比,因而U-Pb及Sm-Nd定年方法广泛地被应用到黑钨矿矿床的定年研究中。但是受黑钨矿U-Pb及Sm-Nd定年方法以及黑钨矿样品自身的制约,U-Pb及Sm-Nd定年成功率较低或结果不理想。文章针对黑钨矿在钨矿床U-Pb年代学和Sm-Nd年代学的发展历程进行了系统的梳理与分析,探讨了黑钨矿U-Pb年代学与Sm-Nd年代学的挑战与机遇。同时结合已发表的黑钨矿Lu、Hf数据,针对黑钨矿Lu-Hf年代学的应用前景进行了评估与展望。已有数据表明,黑钨矿中Lu/Hf比值变化范围较大,有潜力作为Lu-Hf同位素定年的良好对象。文章探讨了黑钨矿用于限定钨矿床成矿时代研究中存在的问题及应对方案,旨在促进未来黑钨矿在钨矿床成矿年代学的发展。     

湖南保靖地区震旦系陡山沱组页岩气成藏地质条件分析

为评价湖南保靖地区震旦系陡山沱组页岩气勘探潜力,利用野外地质调查及页岩气井勘探成果资料,结合钻井岩心样品测试结果,研究了湖南保靖地区陡山沱组页岩储层发育的特征及其分布规律。湖南保靖震旦系陡山沱组发育被动大陆边缘浅水陆棚斜坡相灰色白云质灰岩、黑色碳质泥岩、黑色硅质岩、黑色硅质岩、深灰色泥晶灰岩、深灰色含钙碳质泥岩等。该页岩层分布稳定,厚度巨大(150～200m);有机碳含量较高(4.07%～10.25%),热演化程度较高(3.78%～4.97%),达到过成熟阶段;页岩孔隙度中等(0.19%～2.355%),渗透率极低(0.0005257～0.5910081 mD);脆性矿物含量较高(55.9%～84.5%),主要以石英、方解石、黄铁矿、斜长石为主;黏土矿物含量较低(16.5%～44.1%),以伊利石和伊蒙混层为主,经历了晚成岩作用阶段;储集空间主要有矿物溶蚀孔、有机质溶蚀孔、黄铁矿晶间孔、黏土矿物晶间孔、成岩解理缝及构造微裂缝等。综合研究分析认为,湖南保靖地区陡山沱组具有较好的页岩气成藏条件,可继续加大勘探力度。     

湖南省保靖地区龙马溪组页岩气地质特征与成藏模式研究

湖南保靖地区为页岩气勘探新区块,其页岩气地质特征和富集规律有待进一步研究。通过对区内沉积环境、储层孔渗、地球化学特征及地层含气性等研究,总结区内龙马溪组页岩气的地质特征; 根据生烃发育史、裂缝发育特征、滑脱层运移特征以及断裂作用等研究,探索页岩气的成藏模式。研究结果表明: 湖南保靖地区龙马溪组页岩有机质丰度较高,热演化程度适中,脆性矿物含量较高,物性特征较好,具备页岩气富集成藏条件; 页岩从二叠纪开始进入生气阶段,并持续到中侏罗世; 中侏罗世末期研究区形成隔槽式断裂褶皱冲断带,龙马溪组储层中形成垂直层面多组网状裂缝及顺层滑脱层; 湖南保靖地区龙马溪组具有“滑脱层运移、裂缝聚集、孔隙残留、断层封堵、高位富集、箱状成藏”的页岩气富集成藏模式。     

湖南省保靖地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气成藏条件分析

为评价湖南省保靖地区寒武系牛蹄塘组页岩气勘探潜力,利用野外地质调查及页岩气井勘探成果资料,结合钻井岩芯样品测试结果,研究了保靖地区牛蹄塘组页岩储层发育特征及其分布规律。保靖下寒武统牛蹄塘组发育被动大陆边缘浅海深水碎屑岩陆棚相黑色碳质页岩、深灰色泥岩、深灰色钙质粉砂岩。该页岩层系分布稳定,厚度较大(90 m),有机质丰度较高(1.48%~3.49%),为I型干酪根,成熟度较高(3.90%~4.86%),处于过成熟阶段; 脆性矿物含量较高(38.4%~50.5%),具较好的破裂潜力; 成岩作用较深,黏土矿物以伊利石和伊蒙混层为主; 页岩孔隙度中等(0.50%~4.24%),渗透率极低(0.000 5×10^-3~0.014 6×10^-3 μm²)。储集空间有晶体矿物晶面溶蚀孔、矿物边缘溶蚀孔、有机质溶蚀孔、黄铁矿晶间孔、成岩作用解理缝和构造裂缝。综合分析认为,湖南省保靖地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组具有较好的页岩气成藏地质条件,裂缝发育区可促进页岩气聚集,在保靖县东部昂洞—泽碧一带可以加大勘探力度。