南黄海表层沉积物中氮的分布特征及其在生物地球化学循环中的功能

本文报道了南黄海表层沉积物中不同形态氮的区域分布特征及其在生物地球化学循环中的作用。结果显示 ,在粒径 <31 μm的粒度组分含量 >6 5 %( )、35 %～ 6 5 %( )和 <35 %( )的三个区域中 ,沉积物中不同形态氮的含量比值分别为 :1 .6 5 :1 .2 6 :1 (IEF- N) ,1 .2 3:1 .1 0 :1 (WAEF- N) ,1 .4 1 :1 .0 4 :1 (SAEF- N) ,2 .0 8:1 .4 5 :1 (SOEF- N) ,TN(1 .70 :1 .2 6 :1 ) ,即在细粒度组分 (<31 μm)含量较高的区域 ,不同形态氮的含量也相对较高 ;在三个分区内 ,不同形态氮的埋藏通量非常相近 ,而埋藏效率自 至 区逐渐递增 ,在细粒度组分 (<31 μm)含量最低的 区内 ,埋藏效率最高 ,TN的埋藏效率可达 30 .2 1 %,即南黄海表层沉积物中 70 %以上的氮在适当的条件下可释放进入水体参与其生物地球化学循环 ,能提供海洋新生产力所需氮的 6 .5 4 %,对海洋生产力具有一定的补充和调控作用。     

Linking the toxic metals to benthic community alteration: A case study of ecological status in the Bohai Bay

Ecological effects and quality status of sediments in the Bohai Bay (North China) were studied by incorporating the traditional chemical analysis and benthic community structure. In the present study, paired sediments from 20 stations were sampled for chemical analysis and benthic assemblages. The overall results demonstrated that sediment impairment mainly appeared in the southern part of the Bay. The results obtained from the principal component analysis regarding benthic data and potential explanatory factors indicated that As, Hg and petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) were responsible for the distribution of macrofaunal assemblages. Canonical correspondence analysis further showed As was significantly correlated to the benthic alteration, which provided evidence of ecological relevance to chemical substances of concern. Overall, this study revealed the metal contamination in the Bohai Bay was not as severe as previously regarded. Yet, further investigation is still needed considering the complexity of sediment matrices.     

北黄海沉积物中氮的地球化学特征及其早期成岩作用

本文首次报道对北黄海沉积物中氮的形态及其早期成岩作用的研究成果。结果表明 ,北黄海沉积物中占主导地位的是细粒度组分 ,其结构和性质直接影响着沉积物中化学元素的形态、含量与分布 ,使自然粒度沉积物中各形态氮的垂向分布与细粒度组分中各形态氮的分布非常相近。在氮的早期成岩过程中 ,粒度也起着非常重要的作用 ,沉积物的粒度越细 ,沉积物中有机氮的分解速率越小 ,即细粒度沉积物中有机氮的分解矿化速率最小 ,易于富集有机氮。对于不同站位的沉积物来说 ,因其沉积速率的差异 ,致使沉积物中各形态氮的埋藏通量有很大差异 ,沉积速率越大 ,沉积物中各形态氮的埋藏通量越大 ,在沉积速率最大的 C4站位 ,各形态氮的埋藏通量最大。     

Comparison of carbonate parameters and air–sea CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> flux in the southern Yellow Sea and East China Sea during spring and summer of 2011

In this work, we examined the carbonate parameters, i.e. total alkalinity (TA), pH, and partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂), and the air–sea CO₂ flux (FCO₂) in the continental shelves of the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) and East China Sea (ECS), based on two field surveys conducted in April and August of 2011. Surface pCO₂ showed significant spatial variations, ranging from 246 to 686 µatm in spring (average ± standard deviation = 379 ± 95 µatm) and from 178 to 680 µatm in summer (384 ± 114 µatm). During the spring cruise, the central SYS (pCO₂ < 240 µatm) and the Changjiang estuary (pCO₂ < 300 µatm) were under-saturated with CO₂, while the southern SYS and the southwestern ECS were supersaturated (pCO₂ = 420–680 µatm). In summer, however, the CO₂-supersaturated waters (pCO₂ = 380–680 µatm) occupied a relatively wide area, including the nearshore of the SYS and the Changjiang estuary, whereas pCO₂-deficient water (pCO₂ = 220–380 µatm) was observed only at the offshore ECS. In general, the entire SYS and ECS area behaved as a sustained CO₂ sink, with average FCO₂ of ?3.9 and ?2.1 mmol m^?2 d^?1 in spring and summer, respectively. Phytoplankton production was the driving force for CO₂ absorption, especially during the spring cruise. In addition, we found that typical water mixing processes and decomposition of terrestrial material were responsible for the release of CO₂ in three turbidity maximum regions.     

黄土古气候变化趋势与青藏高原隆升关系初探

粒度和磁化率是两个研究黄土古气候最常用的古环境变化指示参数,它们随着黄土古土壤地层变化而出现峰和谷的对应已经被证明是反映了天文轨道要素的周期变化。文章试图忽略这些受控于轨道要素的气候周期变化,而主要侧重考察黄土地层这两个参数的平均值(或背景值)所反映的长期变化趋势。对兰州九州台黄土进行了系统采样和测量,发现兰州九州台黄土剖面粒度和磁化率曲线显示出两个明显的趋势,粒度从剖面底部向上有明显逐渐变粗趋势,指示着冬季风增强,与此同时,磁化率自下而上却逐渐增大,指示着夏季风增强的趋势。与黄土高原其他黄土剖面磁化率和粒度曲线对比发现,这是两个普遍存在的趋势。地理位置靠近青藏高原的剖面,这两个增大的趋势更明显。冬、夏季风同时逐渐增强是海陆热力差异增大所引起,反映了青藏高原第四纪时期的逐渐不断的隆升过程。因此,根据粒度和磁化率曲线变化趋势线的变化特点可以帮助分析和反推第四纪以来青藏高原隆升的过程。兰州九州台以及黄土高原各剖面粒度和磁化率曲线的线性变化趋势则可能指示着第四纪以来青藏高原是逐渐均匀缓慢的变化过程。我们对22Ma以来风积地层记录的变化趋势也做了分析。前人过去普遍认识的第四纪以来跳跃式或间歇式剧烈隆升在我们的数据中没有得到反映。黄土高原西部西宁、兰州、靖远等剖面磁化率显著的增长趋势可能与青藏高原隆升到一定高度后高原季风加强所致。     

Application of transient electromagnetic method in tunnel exploration

Along with the economic development,large tunnels need to be constructed in many high mountains or complex structure regions,and the design and construction of detailed tunnel exploration become particularly important.Transient electromagnetic method (TEM) uses a non-grounded loop or an electrode to send a primary electromagnetic pulse into the ground,and observes spatial and temporal distribution of secondary electromagnetic field,which is widely applied in mineral resource exploration,engineering geology,etc.The application of TEM in the tunnel construction of Kaiyuan Temple is researched in this study.The smoke loop inversion is adopted for inverting the transient electromagnetic data.The drilling data and high density resistivity method data are combined for comparison.The obtained inversion result greatly coincides with the actual conditions.Therefore,the geophysical prospecting basis can be provided for the division of stratum,delineation of geologi-cal structure,and design and construction of tunnel pavement.By virtue of TEM,drilling data and high density resistivity method,the tunnel construction of Kaiyuan Temple has obtained satisfactory results.     

Amino Sugars and Their Indicating Role in the Cycling of Organic Matter in Marine Environment

As a kind of marine organic matter with important geochemical characteristics, amino sugars can effectively reflect the source, diagenetic state and mineralization process of organic matter by their concentration and composition in marine environment. This article systematically concluded the research progresses of amino sugars from the aspects of their source, composition and distribution characteristics in marine environment, and the role as a biomarker indicating source and diagenetic state of marine organic matter. The result showed that the macromolecular morphology, the oxygen and nutrient level and the sedimentary environment could affect the reactivity of amino sugars. The higher ratios of glucosamine to galactosamine (GlcN/GalN) and the Total Hydrolysable Amino Acids to Total Hydrolysable Amino Sugars (THAA/THAS) can reflect the fresh planktonic organic matter source and the lower ratios can reflect the conversion from planktonic to bacterial organic matter. The carbon and nitrogen normalized yield of total hydrolysable amino sugars, however, could give contradictory results depending on the relative contribution of the source and degradation degree of organic matter. Muramic acid is suitable to estimate the contribution of relatively fresh bacteria organic matter to particulate and sediment organic matter, but it is not suitable for applying in the dissolved organic matter because of its very low concentration leading from its rapid recycle. It is critical to enhance the research on the contribution of different microorganisms to amino sugars and differentiate the influence of organic matter source and degradation on amino sugars in marine environment. The research on the conversion and fate of amino sugars in marine environment is also needed.     

青海东昆仑西藏大沟金矿床花岗闪长斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学及其成矿意义

利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,对位于东昆仑地区巴颜喀拉成矿带的西藏大沟金矿床进行研究,首次获得与成矿有密切关系的花岗闪长斑岩加权平均年龄为（225.0±1.2）Ma,厘定为晚三叠世;岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、Sr、Ba、K）、轻稀土元素和Pb,明显亏损高场强元素（如Nb、Ta、P、Ti）,显示轻稀土元素强烈富集的右倾式稀土配分型式。结合东昆仑地区区域构造演化及金矿成矿年代学资料分析认为,西藏大沟金矿床花岗闪长斑岩形成于挤压向伸展转换阶段,西藏大沟金矿床成矿时间应介于225.0~218.6 Ma,属晚三叠世。      

基于GPS速度场的四川地区1999～2018年应变场特征演化分析

基于1999～2018年GPS水平运动速度场数据,解算并分析了四川“Y”形构造区各周期网格速度场、地壳应变率场,并讨论了近20年尺度的地壳应变场演化过程。研究表明：1）2008年汶川地震前1999～2007期GPS速度场相对稳定,整体“Y”型构造区地壳运动变化不大,但汶川地震后龙门山断裂带发生较大变化,由4.0 mm/a增至10.0 mm/a。2）1999～2007年,整个四川“Y”型构造区应变场演化特征微弱,而汶川地震之后的两个周期,最大剪应变自龙门山山前断裂向西到汶川一带,形成了由高到低、平行于龙门山断裂带走向的高密度梯度带。龙门山断裂带以ES或EES向的主压应变为主,其量值变化范围为 5.0×10^-8 /a～12.0×10^-8 /a;鲜水河断裂由震前主拉应变,改为震后近EW向的主压应变特征。面膨胀结果则显示龙门山断裂带由震前低密度梯度带瞬间变为平行于龙门山断裂带走向的高密度变化区。3）2008年汶川地震和2013年芦山地震是最为重要的时刻分割点。近20年的应变率场变化,更似一个“时间—地壳构造运动”的大轮回,目前四川“Y”型构造区整体处于2008年汶川地震前较为稳定的活动周期。龙门山断裂带仍值得我们做出更为深入的研究。     

中国边缘海海洋沉积生态环境反演中的生物标志物

中国边缘海是海—陆—气圈进行物质和能量交换最活跃的海域之一,重建中国边缘海海洋生态环境演变对深入探析人类活动和气候变化的耦合作用意义重大,海洋沉积物生物标志物为定性/定量揭示海洋生态环境演变提供有效手段,可为预测人类活动影响下的海洋生态环境演变趋势提供科学支撑。本文总结归纳目前海洋沉积物中常用的古菌、细菌和真核来源生物标志物在海陆来源、化学结构、分布规律与功能等方面的特征,分析了不同生物标志物类型在重建海洋温度、酸碱度、氧化还原环境和浮游植物演变过程中的应用状况,剖析了多参数生物标志物在重建中国边缘海生态环境演变中存在的问题。总体而言,利用生物标志物重建中国边缘海生态环境演变的研究大多还停留在定性描述水平;由于对生物标志物母源生物及其适应机制认识不足会导致对生物标志物指标的解译存在偏差,进而影响海洋环境重建结果的准确性;此外,多种重要海洋环境演变参数并未建立起有效的生物标志物指标。未来的海洋生态环境重建研究应从结合新技术新方法厘清生物来源,整合大数据分析方法构建有更精确对应关系的校正公式以实现定量反演和准确预测,同时结合功能微生物群落筛选出更具独特性的新型生物标志物等方面开展研究。