Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Yishak Volcanic Sequence,Kudi ophiolite,West Kunlun (NW China): implications for the magmatic evolution in a subduction zone environment

The Yishak Volcanic Series (YVS) is part of the Late Cambrian Kudi ophiolite in the western Kunlun Mountains, NW China, which marks the oldest suture zone in the Tibetan Plateau. The YVS is a well-preserved sequence comprising five conformable units (A to E) of basalts to andesites, with mafic dykes in Units A to D. These rocks are sequentially characterized upward by geochemical features of N-MORB (Unit A), E-MORB (Unit B), island-arc basalt (Unit C), BABB (Unit D and mafic dykes) and boninite series rocks (Unit E), reflecting complex interactions among various source components. The evolution of magma compositions from MORB-dominated to boninite series rocks clearly indicates temporally increasing subduction signatures, which, in combination with the extensional tectonic background, suggests that the Kudi ophiolite most likely formed in a spontaneous nucleation of subduction zone.     

农业物候动态对地表生物物理过程及气候的反馈研究进展

地表过程对全球变化的响应和反馈是地球系统科学研究的核心课题之一,目前的研究多关注全球变化对地表过程的影响,而地表动态过程对地表生物物理过程及气候的反馈研究较少。系统认识地表物候动态对生物物理过程及气候的反馈对深化地球系统科学研究有着重要的意义。本文从农业物候动态的事实、农业物候动态在陆面过程模型中的参数化表达、农业物候动态对地表生物物理过程及气候的反馈等方面进行综述,发现在气候变化和管理措施影响下,以种植期和灌浆期为代表的农业物候期发生了显著的规律性变化;耦合农业物候动态,改善了模型对地表动态过程、生物物理过程和大气过程的数字化表达;农业物候变化对地表净辐射、潜热、感热、反照率和气温、降水、环流等过程产生了影响,并表现出以地表能量分配为主的气候反馈机理。针对农业物候动态对地表生物物理过程及气候效应的时空重要性,需要继续开展以下方面的工作：① 加强全球变化对地表物候动态的影响及其反馈的综合研究;② 不同光谱波段地表反射率与农业物候动态的关系研究;③ 农业物候动态引起的作物生理学特征变化在地表生物物理过程中的贡献;④ 重视不同气候区物候动态对气候反馈效应的差异。     

深圳福田白骨壤红树林Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd的累积及分布

于1994年3月，采用样方法分析、探讨深圳福田自然保护区车公庙林区白骨壤红树林重金属Cu，Ph，Zn，Cd元素的累积及分布。结果表明：该林地表层土壤（0—3cm深），Cu，Ph，Zn，Cd的含量分别为383．28．7，1140，0136×10－6，储量分别为5285.40，3960.60,15732.00,18.77mg／m2、植物体各部位Cu，Pb,Zn，Cd含量范围分别为1.81-13.8，0.402－3．51，3．42－69.5，0.013－0295×10-6对表层土壤加权平均富集系数为Cd＞Zn＞Cu＞Pb.该群落Cu，Pb，Zn，Cd现存累积量分别为53．70,19．27，187.89,0.72mg／m2；年净存留累积量分别为4063.91，1318.14，16358.62，60．21μg／m2；林地残留物相应元素的储量分别为2091.18，1958.66,5046.60,19.30μg／m2。该林区不同群落叶层Cu，Pb,Zn，Cd现存累积量为白骨壤林＞桐花树林＞秋茄林。     

How Central Asian Orogeny Evolves: New Insights from End-Permian to Middle Triassic Magmatic Record along the Solonker Suture Zone

正Objective The modern Earth is characterized by two types of orogens:collisional orogen and accretionary orogen.It is widely accepted that the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB)is made up of widespread multiple ancient archipelagos.It has been recognized as a non-collisional orogen,contrasting with the archetypical AlpineHimalayan-type collisional orogens.Although the CAOB is     

论碰撞造山带的分类

近年来碰撞造山带研究取得了很大进展,为碰撞造山带分类奠定了基础。1992年,Sengor提出了一个三分法的分类。但是,这个分类不能涵盖所有的碰撞造山带,同时其内部还有重叠。本文主要依据参与碰撞的单元,即板块、微板块、前缘弧、残留弧和增生弧,提出一个新的分类方案,即将碰撞造山带分为陆-陆,陆-前缘弧,陆-残留弧,陆-增生弧,弧-弧,陆-弧-陆6种类型。从世界各地的碰撞造山带来看,陆-陆碰撞型是很少见的,也就是说,威尔逊旋回不论在现代还是古代地质历史上都是罕有发生的,而大多数碰撞造山带都是非威尔逊旋回型的。     

Tectonic facies and the archipelago-accretion process of the West Kunlun,China

A tectonic facies investigation carried out in the West Kunlun, China allows us to have worked out a tectonic model of orogen. The tectonic facies, from the north to the south, are composed of the following: 1. Southern Tarim tectonic realm; 2. North Kudi magmatic arc; 3. Kudi mélange; 4. Kudi micro-continent; 5. main shear zone; 6. Xianan Bridge calc alkaline complex; 7. Mazar-Kangxiwar mélange-accretion complex; and 8. Tianshuihai foreland fold-thrust belt. The tectonic facies 1»5 recorded the history of the northward subduction of the Prototethys and southward accretion of Eurasia in the Late Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic time, while the tectonic facies 6»8 recorded the history of the northward subduction of the Paleotethys and southward accretion of Eurasia in the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic time, that of the tectonic evolution of the passive margin of the Qiangtang block, and that of the docking, and the final amalgamation of the Qiangtang block to the Eurasian continent. The tectonic facies investigation has indicated that a complicated archipelago-accretion orogenesis took place in the West Kunlun orogen, which was the important character of southward growth of the Eurasian continent.     

西昆仑甜水海地区前陆褶皱冲断带的构造样式及其演化

运用碰撞造山带大地构造朴理论,研究了西昆仑甜水海地区三叠系的沉积特征及其构造环境,晚三叠世末羌塘陆块与塔里木板块南缘的晚古生代一早中生代山弧碰撞造成的前陆褶皱冲断带的构造样式及其演化。通过对地层构造岩石组合、沉积环境及其变形强度特征的分析,得出该区三叠纪的沉积是一套典型的深水－半深水的复理石建造,形成于被动大陆边缘的沉积环境;其变形具有典型的前陆褶皱冲断带特征,并将褶皱冲断带按变形特征分５个带。提     

SRTM1 DEM与ASTER GDEM V2数据的对比分析

本文以山西省为实验区,基于ICESat/GLA14测高数据对SRTM1 DEM和ASTER GDEM V2数据的垂直精度进行了对比,分析了其在坡度、土地利用类型和地貌类型中的误差分布情况,并基于地形剖面方法分析了2种DEM数据在地形表达上的差异。研究结果表明：① 在垂直精度上,SRTM1 DEM数据要明显高于ASTER GDEM V2数据,其绝对误差均值分别为4.0 m和7.8 m,标准偏差分别为6.0 m和10.7 m,均方根误差分别为6.1 m和10.7 m。② 这2种DEM数据的精度受坡度影响严重,随坡度值的升高误差增大;SRTM1 DEM的绝对误差均值、标准偏差和均方根误差在水田最小,在林地最大,而ASTER GDEM V2的这3种误差在居民用地最小,在林地最大;SRTM1 DEM 和ASTER GDEM V2的绝对误差均值、标准偏差和均方根误差在平原地区最小,在大起伏山地最大。③ 在平原和台地地区,ASTER GDEM V2数据高程值有异常波动,SRTM1 DEM在起伏山地存在对山谷过高估计。总体上,SRTM1 DEM比ASTER GDEM V2对地形的表达准确,与ICESat/GLA14对地形的描述基本相一致。     

Accretionary processes and metallogenesis of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Advances and perspectives

As one of the largest Phanerozoic orogens in the world,the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is a natural laboratory for studies of continental dynamics and metallogenesis.This paper summarizes the research progresses of the accretionary processes and metallogenesis of the CAOB since the Peopled Republic of China was founded,and puts forward the prospect for future research.During the early period (1950s-1970s),several geological theories were applied to explain the geological evolution of Central Asia.In the early period of China's reform and opening-up,the plate tectonics theory was applied to explain the evolution of the northern Xinjiang and Xingmeng regions,and the opinion of subduction-collision between Siberian Kazakhstan and China-North Korea-Tarim plates was proposed.The idea of the Solonker-Yanbian suture zone was established.In the 1990s,the study of the CAOB entered a period of rapid development.One school of scholars including geologists from the former Soviet Union proposed a multi-block collision model for the assemblage of the CAOB.In contrast,another school of scholars,led by a Turkish geologist,Celal Sengor,proposed that the Altaids was formed through the growth and strike-slip duplicates of a single island arc,and pointed out that the Altaids is a special type of collisional orogen.During this period,Chinese geologists carried out a lot of pioneering researches on ophiolites and high-pressure metamorphic rocks in northern China,and confirmed the main suture zones accordingly.In 1999,the concept of"Central Asian metallogenic domain"was proposed,and it became one of the three major metallogenic domains in the world.Since the 21st century,given the importance for understanding continental accretion and metallogenic mechanism,the CAOB has become the international academic forefront.China has laid out a series of scientific research projects in Central Asia.A large number of important scientific research achievements have been spawned,including the tectonic attribution of micro-continents,timing and tectonic settings of ophiolites,magmatic arcs,identification and anatomy of accretionary wedges,regional metamorphism-deformation,(ultra)high-pressure metamorphism,ridge subduction plume-plate interaction archipelagic paleogeography and spatio-temporal framework of multiple accretionary orogeny,continental growth accretionary metallogenesis,structural superposition and transformation etc.These achievements have made important international influences.There still exist the following aspects that need further study:(1) Early evolution history and subduction initiation of the Paleo-Asian Ocean;(2) The accretionary mechanism of the extroversion Paleo-Asian Ocean;(3) The properties of the mantle of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and their spatiotemporal distribution;(4) The interaction between the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the Tethys Ocean;(5) Phanerozoic continental growth mechanism and its global comparison;(6) Accretionary metallogenic mechanism of the Central Asian metallogenic domain;and (7) Continental transformation mechanism.     

Patterns and trends in grain self-sufficiency on the Tibetan Plateau during 1985–2016

Capacity for grain self-sufficiency on the Tibetan Plateau(TP) is an important basis for ensuring social stability and regional sustainability. Thus, based on county-level statistical data for population, grain production and consumption, we analyzed patterns and trends in grain supply and demand at regional, provincial, and county levels on the TP between 1985 and 2016. We applied two indices to evaluate capacity for grain self-sufficiency and found that the regional average self-sufficiency rate increased quickly by 1.97%/a since 1989, reaching 173.03% on the plateau over the period between 2010 and 2016. This indicates that grain supply in this region is able to fully meet demand. In addition, all provinces apart from Xinjiang exhibited similar increasing trends, attaining grain self-sufficiency during 2010–2016. Furthermore, 59% of counties attained grain self-sufficiency over this period, mainly distributed in southern Tibet, in the Sichuan-Tibet junction area, and in eastern Qinghai Province. A number of gaps in grain supply and demand occurred within the headwater regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers as well as on the Qiangtang Plateau. Grain self-sufficiency significantly increased over the study period in 36% of counties, mainly distributed in the agricultural areas of southeastern Tibet and in eastern Qinghai. Across the whole plateau, capacity for grain self-sufficiency substantially increased between 1985 and 2016, although serious spatial imbalances remain.