深厚覆盖层上高土石坝极限抗震能力分析

针对强震区深厚覆盖层上高土石坝的特点,在三维真非线性有效应力地震反应分析基础上,提出了一套深厚覆盖层上高土石坝极限抗震能力的研究方法。从稳定、变形、防渗体安全等方面,对建在深厚覆盖层上的长河坝高心墙堆石坝的极限抗震能力进行了研究和分析。根据坝坡稳定性、地震残余变形、液化可能性、单元抗震安全性、防渗心墙及坝基防渗墙安全等多角度的评价结果,初步认为,长河坝的极限抗震能力为0.50～0.55g。     

基于PSO-PP的围岩稳定性评价

围岩的稳定性评价是一个复杂的不确定系统问题。结合投影寻踪方法、粒子群算法和逻辑斯谛曲线函数,建立了围岩稳定性评价的粒子群优化投影寻踪(projection pursuit based on particle swarm optimization,PSO-PP)模型。该模型一方面采用粒子群算法优化投影指标函数及逻辑斯谛曲线函数参数,确保了模型的准确性;另一方面利用逻辑斯谛曲线函数建立投影值与经验等级之间的非线性关系。模型的测试结果显示了良好的精度,实例分析结果与实际状态完全一致,表明该模型在围岩稳定性评价中的可行性和有效性。     

Study on the geochemical characteristics of arc-volcanic rocks in the Chiang Rai-Lampang belt of northern Thailand

On the basis of the petrographic characteristics, rock assemblages, petrochemistry, REEs, trace elements and geotectonic settings, the authors described the characteristics of continental marginal arc-volcanic rocks in the Late Permian-Early Triassic (P2-T1) volcanic rocks distributed on the eastern side of the ocean-ridge/oceanic island basalts in the Chiang Mai belt. The volcanic rock assemblage is basaltic andesite-andesite-rhyolite. The volcanic series is dominated by the calc-alkaline series, with the tholeitic series coming next. The chemical composition of the volcanic rocks is characterized by high Al2O3; the REE distribution patterns are of the LREE-enrichment rightward incline type; the large cation elements are highly enriched, and the volcanic rocks are generally enriched in U and Th and depleted in Ti, Cr and P. The petrochemical plot falls within the field of island-arc volcanic rocks, in consistency with the projected points of continental marginal arc-volcanic rocks in the Lancangjiang belt. These continental mar-ginal arc-volcanic rocks, together with ocean-ridge/oceanic island-type volcanic rocks in the Chiang Mai belt, con-stitute the ocean-ridge volcanic rock-arc magmatic rock belts distributed in pairs, indicative of eastward subduction of the oceanic crust in the Chiang Mai belt. This result is of great importance in exploring the evolution of the pa-leo-Tethys in the Chiang Mai belt.     

Review on physical models of lunar brightness temperature

Brightness temperature is a main index to reflect the energy of microwave radiation of an object. Using lunar brightness temperature data, physical properties of lunar regolith, such as thickness, heat flow and dielectric permittivity, could be interpreted. There are two methods to study brightness temperature distribution of the moon: the first is used to measure lunar brightness temperature by radio observation or spaceborne microwave radiometers, and the second is used to simulate calculation by the physical model. On the basis of the measurements of lunar brightness temperature in the history, this study analyzed the main physical model of lunar brightness temperature, also including its theory and influence factors. The authors concluded that surface and subsurface temperatures of the moon, dielectric properties and layered structure of lunar regolith were the main factors affecting the global brightness temperature of the moon. These factors should be quantified in detail in the future research.     

Geochemical characteristics of island-arc volcanic rocks in the Nan-Nam Pat-Phetchabun zone,northern Thailand

Late Permian-Early Triassic (P₂-T₁) volcanic rocks distributed on the eastern side of ocean-ridge and oceanic-island basalts in the Nan-Uttaradit zone were analyzed from aspects of petrographic characteristics, rock assemblage, REE, trace elements, geotectonic setting, etc., indicating that those volcanic rocks possess the characteristic features of island-arc volcanic rocks. The volcanic rock assemblage is basalt-basaltic andesite-andesite. The volcanic rocks are sub-alkaline, dominated by calc-alkaline series, with tholeiite series coming next. The chemical composition of the volcanic rocks is characterized by low TiO₂ and K₂O and high Al₂O₃ and Na₂O. Their REE patterns are of the flat, weak LREE-enrichment right-inclined type. The trace elements are characterized by the enrichment of large cation elements such as K, Rb and Ba, common enrichment of U and Th, and depletion of Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf. The petrochemical plot falls within the field of volcanic rocks, in consistency with the plot of island-arc volcanic rocks in the Jinsha River zone of China. This island-arc volcanic zone, together with the ocean-ridge/oceanic island type volcanic rocks in the Nan-Uttaradit zone, constitutes the ocean-ridge volcanic rock-island-arc magmatic rock zones which are distributed in pairs, indicating that the oceanic crust of the Nan-Uttaradit zone once was of eastward subduction. This work is of great significance in exploring the evolution of paleo-Tethys in the Nan-Uttaradit zone.     

店房火山角砾岩体西段金矿地质特征与成因

在近期的矿山接替资源找矿过程中,对店房金矿以西的角砾岩体西段勘查新圈定5条金矿体。金矿体的形态与产状严格受断裂构造控制,直接产于火山机构的环状、放射状构造和蚀变破碎带之中,矿石分为石英脉型和构造蚀变岩型,围岩蚀变以硅化和黄(褐)铁矿化为主,成矿作用分为2期4个阶段;稳定同位素和流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体主要为幔源,并具低盐度和多源特点,以岩浆热液为主,成矿温度为中、低温,主成矿期为燕山晚期,店房角砾岩体西段金矿床属与火山构造有关的中、低温热液矿床。     

辉南县金龙泉矿泉水勘查评价

金龙泉矿泉水为偏硅酸型矿泉水,矿泉水赋存在第四系全新统金龙顶子组玄武岩中,偏硅酸质量浓度37.22～44.33mg/L,达到饮用天然矿泉水国家标准。     

山东金青顶金矿床控矿构造特征及深部预测

金青顶金矿床位于山东牟平-乳山金矿带将军石-曲河庄断裂的南端,矿床围岩为昆嵛山花岗岩,属含金石英脉型金矿。本文通过矿床地质特征、围岩蚀变以及控矿构造特征等方面的研究,认为与成矿有关的构造活动至少划分为4期,基本控制着矿体的定位与分布。深部地球化学原生晕研究表明,矿体在垂向上具有明显的地球化学分带性,且在已知矿体下方出现近矿晕、前缘晕及尾晕特征指示元素构造叠加晕强度升高趋势。结合矿体在断裂中分布的规律以及原生晕特点,对金青顶矿床深部第二富集段进行了预测,推断在-1100m下有第二金富集段存在,且具有很大的经济价值。     

中国防洪若干重大问题的思考

为配合中国水利部组织编制全国主要江河防洪规划工作,对与编制防洪规划有关的若干重大问题进行了研究。提出用20世纪发生过的大洪水淹没范围作为界定防洪区的基础;风险管理最重要的是规避风险和应对风险,而规避风险的核心是约束人类不合理的经济社会活动,降低洪水灾害造成的风险;当防洪区受到两种洪水风险威胁时,应当采用二维概率分布核查防洪区的标准;合理提高城市防洪标准,是城市防洪的首要任务;要协调城市防洪与城市建设的关系,充分发挥城市拦蓄雨洪的作用(如保留必要的水面率、雨水利用等),蓄排兼顾,而不宜过分强调城市排水;建议根据淹没水深、淹没历时和洪水频率组成的洪水风险度因子划分蓄滞洪区风险区,并结合蓄滞洪区自然地理条件比选安全建设模式。     

城市非点源污染管理的制度、信息和决策支撑

城市非点源污染对中国水环境的威胁日益加剧。制度不健全、信息基础薄弱和缺少决策支撑是当前城市非点源污染管理的主要制约因素。短期内,改善城市非点源污染管理的首要任务是夯实信息基础。从长远来看,制度的完善是落实城市非点源污染管理的根本保障。发达国家在信息基础建设和制度设计方面的成果和经验对于中国城市非点源污染管理工作有重要的参考价值。此外,先进的决策支撑技术是管理获得预期成效的重要保障。国际上决策支撑技术研究的最新发展动态值得国内相关领域借鉴。