Derivations of coupled equations appropriate to the lower regions of the ionosphere

Coupled equations are derived for different ionospheric parameters through susceptibility dyadic appropriate to the medium. The nature of dispersion within the medium is studied.     

Field Detection of Chiorophyll-a Concentration in the Sea Surface Layer by an Airborne Oceanographic Lidar

An airborne oceanographic lidar, with a frequency-tripled Q-switched Nd： YAG laser of 355 nm, has been designed to measure chlorophyll-a （Chl-a） concentration in the sea surface layer by the Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, OUC. The field experiment was carried out in the bay which is located south of the Liaodong Peninsula on the 10th of September 2005. After the flight, the raw data were processed and analyzed by the fluorescence-to-Raman ratio method with seawater attenuation coefficients calculated from signal profiles. The results of Chl-a concentration sea water were also compared with those of Chl-a concentration by measurements by lidar are shown. The measurements in clear a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS）.     

北京市地理国情监测外业调查与核查技术探讨

外业调查与核查是获取地理国情信息的重要手段,可帮助内业解译,更好地完成工作。本文介绍了北京市地理国情监测外业调查与核查工作的具体内容,从北京市实际需求出发,研究制定了一套面向北京市的地理国情监测外业调查与核查的技术方案,保证了北京市国家基础性监测和市情专题性监测的合理有效开展,为今后地理国情常态化监测外业工作的实施提供一定的技术参考。     

页岩气地质调查井小口径绳索取心钻探技术分析

小口径绳索取心钻探技术在页岩气地质调查井中具有不可替代的优势,同时也存在较大的局限性。结合小口径绳索取心工艺在10余口页岩气调查井的应用情况,从地质条件、技术要求、设备及配套机具等方面归纳总结了施工中的难点,从井身结构、设备配置、取心工艺、泥浆体系、复杂情况预防等方面提出了优化方案。依据优化后的施工技术措施,在后续施工的页岩气调查井中取得了良好的效果,岩心采取率保持在97%以上,台月进尺超过了400 m,复杂发生频次控制在2次以下。对下一步小口径页岩气调查井施工具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Wildfire impacts on education and healthcare: Paradise,California, after the Camp Fire

Natural Hazards - The 2018 Camp Fire caused significant damages to the education and healthcare systems in the town of Paradise, CA. This paper presents the findings of a qualitative case study...     

The Indo-Australian monsoon and its relationship to ENSO and IOD in reanalysis data and the CMIP3/CMIP5 simulations

A large spread exists in both Indian and Australian average monsoon rainfall and in their interannual variations diagnosed from various observational and reanalysis products. While the multi model mean monsoon rainfall from 59 models taking part in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5) fall within the observational uncertainty, considerable model spread exists. Rainfall seasonality is consistent across observations and reanalyses, but most CMIP models produce either a too peaked or a too flat seasonal cycle, with CMIP5 models generally performing better than CMIP3. Considering all North-Australia rainfall, most models reproduce the observed Australian monsoon-El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnection, with the strength of the relationship dependent on the strength of the simulated ENSO. However, over the Maritime Continent, the simulated monsoon-ENSO connection is generally weaker than observed, depending on the ability of each model to realistically reproduce the ENSO signature in the Warm Pool region. A large part of this bias comes from the contribution of Papua, where moisture convergence seems to be particularly affected by this SST bias. The Indian summer monsoon-ENSO relationship is affected by overly persistent ENSO events in many CMIP models. Despite significant wind anomalies in the Indian Ocean related to Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events, the monsoon-IOD relationship remains relatively weak both in the observations and in the CMIP models. Based on model fidelity in reproducing realistic monsoon characteristics and ENSO teleconnections, we objectively select 12 “best” models to analyze projections in the rcp8.5 scenario. Eleven of these models are from the CMIP5 ensemble. In India and Australia, most of these models produce 5–20 % more monsoon rainfall over the second half of the twentieth century than during the late nineteenth century. By contrast, there is no clear model consensus over the Maritime Continent.     

NanoSIMS analysis of organic carbon from the Tissint Martian meteorite: Evidence for the past existence of subsurface organic‐bearing fluids on Mars

Two petrographic settings of carbonaceous components, mainly filling open fractures and occasionally enclosed in shock‐melt veins, were found in the recently fallen Tissint Martian meteorite. The presence in shock‐melt veins and the deuterium enrichments (δD up to +1183‰) of these components clearly indicate a pristine Martian origin. The carbonaceous components are kerogen‐like, based on micro‐Raman spectra and multielemental ratios, and were probably deposited from fluids in shock‐induced fractures in the parent rock of Tissint. After precipitation of the organic matter, the rock experienced another severe shock event, producing the melt veins that encapsulated a part of the organic matter. The C isotopic compositions of the organic matter (δ¹³C = ?12.8 to ?33.1‰) are significantly lighter than Martian atmospheric CO₂ and carbonate, providing a tantalizing hint for a possible biotic process. Alternatively, the organic matter could be derived from carbonaceous chondrites, as insoluble organic matter from the latter has similar chemical and isotopic compositions. The presence of organic‐rich fluids that infiltrated rocks near the surface of Mars has significant implications for the study of Martian paleoenvironment and perhaps to search for possible ancient biological activities on Mars.     

Radiation from a dipole in an anisotropic plasma medium containing time-varying irregularities

The expression for power radiated from a dipole within an anisotropic plasma has been obtained in presence of a current source and time-varying irregularities. This may be useful for numerical computation in lossy media.     

济南市土地利用生态环境功能区适宜度评价

以济南市为例,以适宜性理论为基础对济南市城市土地利用生态环境功能区进行了适宜性评价。并以MapInfo为平台,运用MapBasic语言进行二次开发,编写相关应用模块,将GIS技术应用于城市土地利用生态环境功能区适宜度评价。评价中运用改进的层次分析法确定评价因子的权重,同时利用GIS强大的空间分析和图形操作功能,将图形数据和属性数据统一管理,加强了评价的整体性和准确性,其评价结果可为济南城市发展规划与用地布局提供科学的理论依据。