人口城镇化与土地城镇化协调性测度及优化——以南昌市为例

人口与土地是城镇化的重要组成部分,分析二者之间状态演化对促进城市健康发展具有重要意义。在界定人口城镇化与土地城镇化二者概念基础上,基于人口构成、人口素质、人口生活、城镇规模、城镇投入、城镇产出等构建评价指标体系,并通过耦合协调模型对省会型城市南昌市2002~2011年两者之间的协调关系进行测度和分析,结果表明：① 人口城镇化指数与土地城镇化指数呈波动变化并持续上涨,城镇发展由土地滞后型向人口滞后型转变;② 人口城镇化与土地城镇化的协调状态由失调衰退区向过渡协调区演进,发展类型则由高度不协调状态向勉强协调状态过渡。在此基础上分析了南昌市人口城镇化速度滞后于土地城镇化速度的原因,指出两者关系主要受到城市发展外在制度与内在基础的共同作用,并认为构建人口与土地城镇化双重优化路径是协调人口城镇化与土地城镇化同步发展的有效途径。     

基于不同空间尺度的上海市装备制造业创新网络演化分析

利用国家重点产业专利信息服务平台,对1986~2012年上海市装备制造业合作发明专利数据进行检索,描绘了城市、区域和国家3个尺度上海市装备制造业的网络空间结构及其演变特征。研究发现,上海市装备制造业创新网络的演化具有明显的阶段性特征,不同因素在不同空间尺度对创新网络的结构演化影响不同。在国家尺度,城市创新能级是主体结网行为的主要影响因素,且随着时间的推进,其重要性越发明显,而地理距离在这之中并不起作用;在区域尺度,主体创新能级的重要性贯穿整个网络发展阶段,而地理邻近的重要性在后期才开始显现;在本地尺度,合作主体间的平均距离急剧缩减,地理邻近的重要性极为突出。最后,针对上海推动产业升级、建设科创中心提出了一些建议。     

创新地理学研究的几个理论问题

创新地理学是研究人类创新活动与地理环境关系的地域系统,是一门独立的人文地理分支学科,具有交叉学科的性质。其研究的“人类创新活动”是人类活动的最为重要的方面,对智慧的人地关系系统建设具有重要的意义。创新地理学与其他人文地理学的分支学科具有密切的联系,也与政治学、管理学、经济学、政策学、城市规划等学科有关,创新地理学面临的主要任务是：① 创新地理学基本理论的研究;② 创新要素（人才、资本、技术等）在空间的地域分布与组合规律的研究;③ 创新环境、创新生态及评价研究;④ 创新地理测度、创新空间格局与效应的研究;⑤ 创新联系、创新网络及创新集群的研究;⑥ 多尺度的创新体系的研究;⑦ 创新、城市发展与规划的研究。     

Preparing for real-time weather risk management: the decision models of household evacuation under uncertainty for Taiwanese and US residents

Natural Hazards - The frequency of extreme weather events has increased in recent decades due to climate change, and the demand for both more accurate weather forecasts and early warnings surges in...     

基于包裹体信息分析准噶尔盆地柴窝堡凹陷芦草沟组储层油源及成藏期次

柴窝堡凹陷芦草沟组原油的研究工作取得了重要进展,但由于构造沉积演化十分复杂,目前油源方面的认识仍不清楚,成藏时间尚不明确。利用改进的石油包裹体烃组分分析方法和包裹体定年技术讨论了研究区芦草沟组原油的来源和成藏期次。结果表明,研究区芦草沟组储层第一期充注原油正构烷烃主峰碳数低,C₂₁三环萜烷和C₂₇甾烷相对丰度较高,显示蓝色荧光,为北部半深湖—深湖相芦草沟组烃源岩生成的高成熟原油,于早白垩世在达1井区聚集成藏;第二期充注原油正构烷烃主峰碳数高,C₂₀三环萜烷或C₂₃三环萜烷、C₂₉甾烷相对丰度较高,显示黄绿色、黄色荧光,为研究区滨浅湖相芦草沟组烃源岩生成的较低成熟度原油,于晚白垩世末期—古新世早期在达1井区聚集成藏。     

省级国土空间生态修复规划编制的思路与方法

省级国土空间生态修复规划是新时期各省深入推进生态文明建设的行动指南和纲领性文件,迫切需要多学科交叉的理论与方法支撑。文章从探析国土空间生态修复的科学内涵与理论基础出发,以人地关系地域系统理论框架为指导,融合景观生态学以及基于自然的解决方案,结合广东省国土空间生态修复规划地方实践,聚焦省级国土空间生态修复规划的目标指标、重大格局、分区布局、工程体系等规划重点、难点,提出了省级国土空间生态修复规划的思路与方法,具体概括为：按照“六步走”的整体思路,围绕“四个维度”目标体系,聚焦生态、城镇、农业“三大空间”,推进“重大格局—分区布局—重大工程”3个层次空间布局,形成“格局尺度重大工程、单元尺度重点项目、场地尺度工程措施”3个尺度工程体系布局。     

Adaptive evolution of the rural human–environment system in farming and pastoral areas of northern China from 1952–2017

The theory on the cyclic adaptation between society and ecosystems sheds new light on the evolution and internal structure of human–environment systems. This paper introduces the risk index(RI) and adaptation capacity index(ACI) to evaluate the rural human–environment system. An evaluation index system for the adaptability of rural human–environment systems is configured in the context of climate change and policy implementation. On this basis, the stages, features, dominant control factors, and evolution mechanism were examined vis-à-vis the adaptability of the rural human–environment system in Darhan Muminggan Joint Banner from 1952 to 2017. The main results are as follows:(1) The evolution of the rural human–environment system can be divided into three stages, namely, the reorganization and rapid development stage(1952–2002) with population, cultivated land, livestock and degraded grassland increasing by 260%, 13%, 134% and 16.33%, respectively. The rapid to stable development stage(2003–2010) with population increasing by 2.8%; cultivated land, livestock and degraded grassland decreasing by 2.3%, 13.6% and 10.7%, respectively. The stable to release stage(2011–2017) with population, cultivated land, livestock and degraded grassland decreasing by 2.6%, 0.2%, 10.6% and 3.8%, respectively.(2) With the passage of time, the ACI of the rural human–environment system first increased slightly(–0.016–0.031), followed by a slight decline(0.031–0.003), and culminating in a rapid increase(0.003–0.088). In terms of spatial patterns, adaptability is high in the middle, moderate in the north, and low in the south.(3) The evolution of adaptability in the rural human–environment system was mainly controlled by the per capita effective irrigation area(22.31%) and the per capita number of livestock(23.47%) from 1990 to 2000, the desertified area(25.06%) and the land use intensity(21.27%) from 2000 to 2005, and the per capita income of farmers and herdsmen(20.08%) and the per capita number of livestock(18.52%) from 2010 to 2007.(4) Under the effects of climate change and policy interventions, the cyclic adaptation of the rural human–environment system was propelled by the interactions between two kinds of subjects: farmers and herdsmen on the one hand and rural communities on the other hand. The interaction affects the adaptive behavior of the two kinds of subjects, which in turn drives the cyclic evolution of the system. As a result, the system structure and functions developed alternatively between coordinated and uncoordinated states. Small-scale adaptive behaviors of farmers and herdsmen have a profound impact on the evolution of the rural human–environment system.     

Evaluating changes in ecological land and effect of protecting important ecological spaces in China

It is important to quantitatively analyze the effects of protection of important eco-logical spaces in China to ensure national ecological security.By considering changes in the ecological land,this study examines the effects of protecting three types of important natural ecological spaces in China from 1980 to 2018.Moreover,considering important ecological spaces and their surroundings yields differences in the effects of protection between internal and external spaces,where this can provide a scientific basis for the categorization and zoning of China's land.The results show the following:(1)In 2018,the ratio of ecological land to important natural ecological spaces accounted for 92.64％.This land had a good ecological background that reflects the developmental orientation of important ecological spaces.(2)From 1980 to 2018,the area of ecological land in important ecological spaces shrank but the rate of reduction was lower than the national average,which shows the positive effect of regulating construction in natural ecological spaces.The restorative effects of ecological projects to convert farmland into forests and grasslands have been prominent.The expanded ecological land is mainly distributed in areas where such projects have been implemented,and the reduced area is concentrated in grain-producing areas of the Northeast China Plain and agricultural oases of Xinjiang.In the future,the government should focus on strength-ening the management and control of these areas.(3)The area ratio of ecological land was the highest in national nature reserves.The rate of reduction in its area was the lowest and the trend of reduction was the smallest in national nature reserves,which reflects differences in the status of ecological protection among different spaces.(4)The ratio of ecological land to important ecological spaces was higher than that in the surrounding external space,and the rate of reduction in it was lower.Thus,the effects of internal and external protection had clear differences in terms of gradient.     

鄂尔多斯盆地长7段页岩生烃活化能分布及其对页岩原位转化的启发

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段(长7段)中—低熟(R_o<1.0%)页岩面积占该段页岩总面积的90%左右,中—低熟页岩油/油页岩资源丰富,原位转化作为实现其工业开采的有效途径日益受到各方的关注。生烃转化率和活化能是影响页岩原位转化和开采潜力的关键因素,前人研究表明研究区长7段页岩生烃活化能分布特征存在较大的差别,但其分布规律及其控制因素尚不清楚,尤其是有机质丰度、成熟度等对页岩生烃特征和动力学过程的控制作用及其成因机制尚不明确,这必将制约研究区页岩原位转化条件和资源潜力的评价。本次研究选取了长7段成熟度相近、不同有机质丰度的5块页岩样品以及有机质丰度相近、不同成熟度的5块页岩样品,通过开放热模拟实验确定了样品的生烃动力学参数,讨论了有机质丰度和成熟度对长7段页岩动力学特征的影响。根据烃源岩生烃过程的时间-温度补偿原理,将实验室条件下获得的动力学参数外推至页岩原位转化条件下,分析了有机质丰度和成熟度对长7段页岩原位转化温度区间的影响。结果表明,在成熟度相近的情况下,受有机质中藻类体等腐泥组的富集程度影响,烃源岩的生烃活化能随有机质丰度的增大而增大;在有机质丰度相近...     

贵州省土壤水分传感器校准方法浅析

基于实验与计算相结合的方法,在实验室配制标准物质去检测全新的FDR型土壤水分传感器,得出被测值;利用烘干称重法测量标准物质的容积含水量,得出标准值。使用数学方法分析检验两者之间的误差,验证贵州省气象部门FDR型土壤水分传感器校准方法的可行性。结果显示：误差在（-2.5%~2.5%）的传感器占总传感器的99.4%;误差在（-2%~2%）的传感器占总传感器的97.5%;在99.7%的置信区域内,所有校准点的标准差都小于5%。结合工作实际检验,该校准方法可应用于贵州省土壤水分传感器校准。