数字地质调查系统制作地球化学元素等值线图及异常图

数字地质调查信息综合平台（DGSS）在我国地质调查中逐渐占据主导地位。以1∶5万水系沉积物化探测量后期成图的实际应用为例,通过迭代法计算背景值和标准偏差,求得异常下限,进而绘制出地球化学元素等值线图及异常图;通过软件集成的数据分析功能分析各元素相关系数,确定元素组合,绘制组合异常图、综合异常图。展示数字地质调查信息综合平台在处理数据及数据成图两方面所具有的功能强大、方便快捷、高效精准的优点。     

首都地质资源环境承载能力监测预警信息平台建设思路

为适应大数据的新背景和首都未来发展形势的新需求,同时避免"信息孤岛"、"重复建设"等现象的发生。本次以首都地质资源环境承载能力监测预警平台为例,提出以多维地理信息系统、智慧地图、互联网大数据分析等信息化技术为基础的平台建设思路,阐述了平台的总体架构及云计算技术,多源异构空间数据集成技术,大数据存储处理技术等关键技术问题,同时对平台将实现的功能应用和服务对象进行了分析和说明。     

Integrated provenance analysis of a convergent retroarc foreland system: U–Pb ages,heavy minerals,Nd isotopes,and sandstone compositions of the Middle Magdalena Valley basin,northern Andes,Colombia

Sediment provenance analysis remains a powerful method for testing hypotheses on the temporal and spatial evolution of uplifted source regions, but issues such as recycling, nonunique sources, and pre- and post-depositional modifications may complicate interpretation of results from individual provenance techniques. Convergent retroarc systems commonly contain sediment sources that are sufficiently diverse (continental magmatic arc, fold–thrust belt, and stable craton) to enable explicit provenance assessments. In this paper, we combine detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology, heavy mineral identification, Nd isotopic analyses, conventional sandstone petrography, and paleocurrent measurements to reconstruct the clastic provenance history of a long-lived sedimentary basin now exposed in an intermontane zone of the northern Andean hinterland of Colombia. The Middle Magdalena Valley basin, situated between the Central Cordillera and Eastern Cordillera, contains a 5–10 km-thick succession of Upper Cretaceous to Quaternary fill. The integrated techniques show a pronounced change in provenance during the Paleocene transition from the lower to upper Lisama Formation. We interpret this as a shift from an eastern cratonic source to a western Andean source composed of magmatic-arc rocks uplifted during initial shortening of the Central Cordillera. The appearance of detrital chloritoid and a shift to more negative ε_Nd(t=0) values in middle Eocene strata of the middle La Paz Formation are attributed to shortening-related exhumation of a continental basement block (La Cira–Infantas paleohigh), now buried, along the axis of the Magdalena Valley. The diverse provenance proxies also show distinct changes during middle to late Eocene deposition of the Esmeraldas Formation that likely reflect initial rock uplift and exhumation of the fold–thrust belt defining the Eastern Cordillera. Upsection, detrital zircon U–Pb ages and heavy mineral assemblages for Oligocene and younger clastic deposits indicate that the Mesozoic sedimentary cover of the Eastern Cordillera was recycled during continued Cenozoic shortening. Our multidisciplinary provenance study refines the tectonic history of the Colombian Andes and demonstrates that uncertainties related to sediment recycling, nonunique sources, source heterogeneity, and climate in interpreting provenance data can be minimized via an integrated approach.     

阿姆河右岸东南部吉萨尔山前中下侏罗统构造格架及成因分析

以现有地质及地震资料为基础,对阿姆河右岸区块东南部靠近吉萨尔山前地区的中下侏罗统主要构造特征进行探讨,一方面有利于促进该区中下侏罗统油气勘探,同时也有利于深化对造山带向盆地过渡的山前地区构造变形规律的认识。研究表明：该区中下侏罗统整体表现为由三列近似呈雁行状排列的NE向背斜带组成的褶皱-冲断构造。从控制背斜构造发育的断裂活动特征看,东部山前断层表现为由南东向北西方向逆冲,活动强度大,向西逆断层运动的强度逐渐减弱,且由南向北西部断层的逆冲运动方向发生反向变化,在研究区的北部发育典型的构造三角带。西部背斜带可视为断裂运动方式由南向北变化导致的调节构造。沿构造带走向,三列背斜构造高点由南向北逐渐升高。通过对中下侏罗统构造变形与上覆地层构造特征的比较,结合该区侏罗系沉积特征,认为中下侏罗统构造变形是与上覆地层构造变形共同形成于新近纪喜山期统一的区域构造运动背景下。其主要构造变形机制是晚古近-新近纪以来,在印度板块、阿拉伯板块和欧亚板块碰撞远程效应影响下,受吉萨尔山脉的隆升挤压和研究区北部NW向的大型断裂如布哈拉断裂、曼格什拉克断裂的右旋压扭共同作用而成。     

滇西上芒岗红色粘土型金矿成冈研究

上芒岗金矿是滇西地区具代表性的红色粘土型金矿。依据堆积特征、矿物组合和化学成分,可将红色粘土剖面分为６个带,即表土带、坡积带、钙 －沼当带、残积带、腐泥岩带和基岩带。其中,腐泥岩带为岩溶坍塌成因,残积带由岩溶残积形成,钙２结－沼泽带和坡积带为地表水流搬运堆积。矿床成因为在中晚燕山其形成的原生卡林型金矿化基础上,经第三纪上新世的岩深、残积和坡积作用的预富集,由不彻底的红土化作用使金以硫代硫酸盐络合物     

新疆北部主要金矿床的成矿地球化学特征

主要依据成矿作用方式,基本成矿特点及关键控矿标志等,将新疆北部的主要原生金矿新划分为７个矿床类型,分别是浅成低温热液型金矿、韧性剪切带蚀变岩型金矿、微细粒浸染型金矿、浅成岩－构造蚀变岩型金矿、变质热液型金矿、石英脉型金矿及铜、金伴生型矿床。通过分析比较各矿床类型典型金矿的ＲＥＥ分布型式、其矿石的微量元素含量与分布型式、硫与铅同位素组成及流体包裹体成分等资料,探讨了其成矿地球化学特征。     

锰矿主要类型、分布特点及开发现状

锰的用途非常广泛,世界上90％～95％的锰应用于冶金工业,其余应用于电池工业、陶瓷工业、化学工业等.根据成矿作用过程中的含矿岩系特征,将世界锰矿划分为海相沉积型、火山(热液)-沉积型、变质型、热液型和表生型5类,以海相沉积型、变质型和表生型为主.截至2019年,世界锰的储量达8.12亿t,但分布极不均匀,主要集中在南非...     

Microstructure of NH4Cl-NH3-H2O system studied by ATR-FTIR, Raman and MD simulation

The solubilities of ammonium chloride in aqueous ammonia decreased first and then increased with increasing ammonia concentrations, but the mechanism of this phenomenon has not been clarified. In the present work, the ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy were employed to investigate the corresponding mechanism. The spectra analysis was focused on the region between 2500 and 4000 cm-1. It was firstly discovered that the N-H???N hydrogen bonds between ammonium ions and ammonia molecule was mainly formed in the NH4Cl-NH3-H2O system with concentrations higher than 10% ammonia, but N-H???O hydrogen bonds between ammonium ions and water molecule took advantage in the system with lower ammonia concentrations. Correspondingly, the phenomena of hydrogen bonding redshift and blueshift was observed respectively compared in NH3?H2O solution. Moreover, the hydrogen bonding structure of the saturated solution was obtained by means of MD simulation. The present work provides some theoretical basis for the separation of ammonium potassium chloride.     

基于检查信息分层的“粗反馈”最终检查模式

“二级检查一级验收”作为测绘单位质量控制的基本制度,在成果质量保障中发挥着重要作用,但是部分单位因整改质量不高,造成在最终检查环节上执行不顺畅。通过质检实践,总结了常规最终检查模式下整改中存在的问题,针对基础测绘项目中整改效果不明显的实际情况,在常规检查模式的基础上提出了基于检查信息分层的粗反馈最终检查模式,并通过应用实例验证了该模式在提升整改质量中的有效性和实用性。     

风与余水位延迟效应关系的研究

针对实测水位资料中存在余水位的问题,进行气象因素中风与余水位的相关性以及风对余水位的延迟效应的研究。用统计分析法对青岛站数据分析得出,偏北风对减水贡献较大,偏南风对增水贡献较大;进一步对比分析得出:风对余水位的影响有一定的延迟性,延迟时间的长短与风速的大小成线性关系,风速越大延迟时间越短,造成的余水位变化幅度越大。通过本文分析可以为进一步研究余水位的特性、改进水位预报精度提供一定的参考。