青藏高原北部可可西里地区新生代钾质火山岩地球化学特征及成因

青藏高原北部可可西里地区分布的中新世钾质火山岩(7.77～17.82Ma)主要为粗面安山岩、粗面岩和少量次火山相的流纹斑岩。主量、微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学研究表明,该套钾质火山岩强烈富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,明显亏损Nb-Ta-Ti元素,具有较高的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr:0.707346～0.714915,较低的ε_(Nd)值:-3.70～-6.97,和较高的放射性成因Pb同位素组成(~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.65～15.76,~(208)Ph/~(204)Pb=38.98～39.35,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.67～18.78)。上述特征指示岩浆源区可能是与古俯冲消减物质有关的EMⅡ型富集地幔。三大岩类的地球化学成分变异表明:该钾质火山岩系列是富集地幔(金云母-尖晶石二辉橄榄岩和金云母-石榴石二辉橄榄岩)低度部分熔融产生的母岩浆经过较强结晶分异形成的,其中流纹斑岩在岩浆后期可能经历了更为复杂的地壳混染和结晶分异过程。     

腾冲热海地热田热储结构与岩浆热源的温度

腾冲热海地区是一个由幔源岩浆侵入形成的地热田, 地热流体排放受深浅不同的三组活动断裂控制, 具多层地热储结构特征。气体、 同位素、 水化学地球化学温标显示, 深层热储的温度约为250±7℃、中、浅层地热储温度的变化范围分别为241～190℃和195～154℃。根据岩浆来源CO     

Development of novel microsatellite markers for Holothurian scabra (Holothuriidae), Apostichopus japonicas (Stichopodidae) and cross-species testing in other sea cucumbers

Thirty-five new microsatellite loci from the sea cucumbers H olothurian scabra(Jaeger, 1833) and Apostichopus japonicas(Selenka, 1867) were screened and characterized using the method of magnetic bead enrichment. Of the twenty-four polymorphic loci tested, eighteen were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after a modified false discovery rate(B-Y FDR) correction, whereas six showed statistically significant deviations(CHS2 and CHS11: P 0.014 790; FCS1, FCS6, FCS8 and FCS14: P 0.015 377). Furthermore, four species of plesiomorphous and related sea cucumbers(Holothurian scabra, Holothuria leucospilota, Stichopus horrens and Apostichopus japonicas) were tested for mutual cross-amplification using a total of ninety microsatellite loci. Although transferability and universality of all loci were generally low, the results of the cross-species study showed that the markers can be applied to identify individuals to species according to the presence or absence of specific microsatellite alleles. The microsatellite markers reported here will contribute to the study of genetic diversity, assisted breeding, and population conservation in sea cucumbers, as well as allow for the identification of individuals to closely related species.     

Impacts of Coal Mining on the Aboveground Vegetation and Soil Quality: A Case Study of Qinxin Coal Mine in Shanxi Province,China

The exploitation and utilization of coal resources have been lasting for thousands of years, resulting in a series of ecological environmental problems in China. So far, the mining area has changed into severe and typical damaged ecosystem locally and globally. The coal exploitation history is long in Shanxi province, but goafs are distributed widely. In this study, we addressed this point and took a coal mine, located in Shanxi province where the coal mining has a long exploitation history with goaf densely distributed, as an example. The growth patterns of above ground plant communities, succession characteristics of vegetation community and soil quality characters in the goafs, which could provide theoretical basis for the sustainable development of coal resources and ecological reconstruction in this region, have been studied.     

云顶山植被及其垂直分布研究

本文概要介绍了山西云顶山植被的6个植被型,16个群系,并将现存植被的垂直带划分为4个带:落叶阔叶林带(海拔1200—1750米);针阔叶混交林带(海拔1750—2200米);寒温性针叶林带(海拔2200—2600米);亚高山灌从草甸带(海拔2600米以上)。     

三轴加载含水煤样波速与孔隙率关系实验研究

煤的孔隙率影响煤的吸附、渗透能力,且它也是衡量煤体内部结构及孔、裂隙发育状况的重要指标.而水力增透技术在瓦斯抽采中的作用效果常常受到水的影响,且瓦斯抽采量也会受到含水煤层的影响,为更客观地了解含水煤层状态下的孔隙率的变化情况,采用超声波透射法对赵固二矿二1煤层不同层理方向煤样在干燥及自然饱和吸水状态下进行三轴加载超声波测试试验,研究干燥及自然饱和水三轴加载状态下煤样超声波波速与孔隙率关系.研究结果表明:相同条件下,加载煤样饱和煤样波速大于干燥煤样,且加载煤样饱和状态下不同层理方向波速变化易区别.而加载煤样饱和煤样与干燥煤样孔隙率变化与波速变化相反,加载煤样饱和状态下不同层理方向孔隙率变化不易区别;通过分析加载条件下饱和煤样与干燥煤样波速与孔隙率关系,发现无论是干燥煤样还是饱和煤样在加载条件下都符合对数关系φ=-aIn(Vp)+b且a值与围压有关,b值与孔隙率变化量有关.通过研究含水煤样在不同加载条件下对煤体波速和孔隙率的影响以及波速和孔隙率之间的关系,为煤炭物性勘探技术提供有效试验数据与理论基础,也为煤炭物性预防安全开采提供理论基础.     

陇中黄土丘陵区生态环境退化与恢复重建调控机理

陇中黄土丘陵区生态环境脆弱,历史时期人为活动强烈,导致生态环境退化与农牧交替频繁.应用系统论分析该生态经济系统的稳定性,用反馈控制原理分析该生态环境系统的运行机制和调控机理,并提出该区生态环境恢复重建的途径与措施,为该区生态环境建设和农牧业发展提供科学依据.     

华东稻田CH4和N2O排放

稻田CH4和N2O排放的季节变化规律完全不同，两者的排放通量随土壤水分条件变化而互为消长，但它们的日变化形式则比较一致。晴天时的CH4和N2O排放日变化规律明显，主要表现为下午单峰模态，有时CH4排放夜间出现一个次峰。CH4和N2O排放总量因肥料类型而不同，堆肥加尿素处理比NH4HCO3处理少排放N2O 30%，多排放CH4 12%。     

山西省草地资源及合理利用

对山西省草地的类型、产量、质量以及利用现状等方面进行了比较分析，证实山西省草地资源丰富而且质量较好．山西省草地可分为六个生态类群，按草地质量可分为五等，按草地产量可分为八级．目前，山西省草地的利用存在很多问题，如缺乏科学的经营管理，对草地进行掠夺式利用等，针对此现状，提出了草地资源合理利用的对策，应该采用草地建设新技术，实施科学管理．     

Modern hot spring geochemistry at the Tanlu fault and Jiaoliao block in eastern China

The δD, δ¹⁸O values of the hot springs are always more negative than those of the local cold springs. The main cause for the ocrurrence is physically isotope fractionation during the deep circulating process of the groundwater. The relational expression between the δD, δ¹⁸O values and the maximum circulating depths of the groundwaters is given. The gases escaped from the geothermal fluid are mostly crust-derived gases in the studied area. The compressive structure of the Tanlu fault could extend to the deep crust, and basically stop the ascent of deep-seated gases towards the surface. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49373165)