The behavior of deep convective clouds over the warm pool and connection to the Walker circulation

As the deep convective clouds (DCCs) over the western Pacific and Indian Ocean warm pool may play different roles in the climate system, variations in DCC properties over these two sectors are investigated and compared. The DCC intensity and area varies more significantly in the Indian Ocean than the western Pacific sector, while the DCC frequency is comparable in both sectors at the seasonal scale. Although the Indian Ocean sector is strongly dominated by the seasonal evolution, the interannual variations in the two sectors are comparable for all three DCC properties (frequency, intensity, and area). Besides, Walker circulation is closely correlated with the interannual variability of DCCs in both sectors. The Walker circulation strengthens (weakens) as the DCCs shift eastward (westward) over the Indian Ocean sector and westward (eastward) over the western Pacific sector. When more or stronger DCCs occur over the Indian Ocean sector (western Pacific sector), the Walker circulation becomes stronger (weaker) and shifts westward (eastward). Interestingly, the response of the Walker circulation to DCC variability over the warm pool is asymmetry. The asymmetry response of the Walker circulation to the negative and positive DCC anomaly may be related to the non-linearity internal variability of the atmosphere. DCCs over the Indian Ocean sector have a much weaker nonlinear correlation with the Walker circulation than DCCs over the western Pacific sector.     

东亚阻塞高压与我国降水关系的分析及预测

利用1951～2005年资料,采用纬偏距方法定义了7月东亚阻塞高压指数,分析了7月东亚阻塞高压与东亚环流和我国降水的关系,并从大气环流和海温场探讨了7月东亚阻塞高压发展的前期征兆.结果发现:前期2月大西洋上空500 hPa西风环流强度,前期3月鄂霍次克海500 hPa高度,前期秋季10～11月夏威夷海区海温异常变化,对7月东亚阻塞高压建立与否具有显著的指示性,并给出了预测判据.     

Stone cover and slope factors influencing hillside surface runoff and infiltration: laboratory investigation

In this study, laboratory rainfall simulation in an extensive area was used to study the infiltration, and interception and storage from surface runoff in points with different stone cover percentages (0, 10, 20 and 30%) and slopes (5°, 10° and 20°). The experimental results of this study showed that the interrelationships among the slope, stone cover percentage, groundwater level, surface runoff amount, and interception and storage of the ponds were varied and irregular. No systematic patterns were detected for the change in the groundwater level, surface runoff amount, and interception and storage of the ponds with different stone cover percentages at different slopes and no threshold values were apparent. For a 5° slope, if the stone cover percentage was increased, the amount of surface runoff was reduced, the infiltration and the groundwater level experienced no significant change, and the interception and storage of the ponds increased. For a 10° slope, if the stone cover percentage was increased, the amount of surface runoff increased, the infiltration decreased, the groundwater level experienced no significant change or decreased slightly at certain points, and the interception and storage of the ponds increased. For a 20° slope, if the stone cover percentage was increased, the amount of runoff increased, the infiltration decreased, the groundwater level experienced no significant change or decreased slightly at certain points, and the interception and storage of the ponds increased. With or without stone cover, when the hydraulic conductivity of the top material is close to that of fine sand or laterite, an increase in the slope gradient decreased the amount of surface runoff and increased the storage amount of the ponds. As for the stone distribution, an interlaced style showed better performance in the interception and storage of ponds than that of a regular style. There was no significant change in the groundwater level. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国反水雷支援舰能力建设探讨

随着我国海军的战略转型,我军反水雷作战任务发生了变化,除了传统的近岸/ 近海反水雷任务,还增加了海峡反水雷、交通线反水雷以及海外基地反水雷等任务。 反水雷支援舰综合作战能力强、信息化与自动化程度高,在作战时为反水雷兵力提供指控、控制、通信及补给等方面的支持,快速提升反水雷系统的信息化、无人化、模块化水平,使反水雷装备能够协同工作,实现反水雷作战效能的最大化,是提高海军现有反水雷作战能力的理想装备。     

高性能船在反水雷行业的发展及应用

反水雷行业的进步与高性能船的发展紧密相关，详细介绍了国外多种类型高性能船在反水雷行业中的应用，通过分析各类高性能船的外形结构特点，对其在反水雷行业广泛应用的原因进行了说明。同时对比了空中平台、水面平台以及水下平台等主要反水雷作业平台的属性特点，结合高性能船目前复合化发展的趋势，认为未来高性能船的跨介质应用将会是反水雷行业的一个重要方向。     

山东沾化滨海地区浅层地下卤水矿层特征及形成条件

山东沾化滨海地区地下卤水为古浓缩海水封存而成。浅层地下卤水主要赋存在40 m深度以上的粉砂和粉土层中,垂向上分为2个矿层,总厚度9.9-33.7 m,矿化度50.0-99.7 g/L,水位埋深1.2-4.3 m,单位出水量10.42-58.94 m3/（d.m）,富水性中等,动态较为稳定。卤水开发利用应合理规划,避免资源浪费,注重综合利用和环境保护。     

莱洲湾南岸滨海湿地生物多样性及生态地质环境

莱州湾南岸滨海湿地作为环渤海滨海湿地的一部分，具有海洋与河口交互性、海陆过渡性和生态脆弱性等特点，湿地面积广阔、资源丰富，是东北亚环西太平洋鸟类迁徙的重要“中转站”及越冬、栖息和繁殖地。湿地总面积为1150．079km^2，湿地维管束植物区系包括维管束植物53科144属217种。近年来，在对滨海湿地的开发中，虾池、盐田等人工湿地面积不断扩大，造成自然湿地面积减小、植被退化、地貌和水文条件改变、生物多样性下降，改变了原始的滨海湿地自然景观，破坏了珍稀鸟类的生存环境。