长江口河口锋的悬沙及动力特征初探

通过对2002年9月、2003年4月和2004年10月在长江口滨外区多船同步定点观测的数据进行分析,捕捉到了长江口河口锋带位置,并利用调查数据分析了河口锋带的动力特征.结果表明:长江口河口锋的位置大约位于122°10′E,30°50′N至122°20′E,31°00′N一线附近,在河口锋带有着较为强烈的河海相互作用,流速不符合典型的对数流速曲线,河水与海水的相互消长局限于海面以下5 m的表层范围,观测表明在河口锋面区悬浮泥沙为泥沙流伏在海水之上输运.     

北极海冰变率的独特模式及其与大气强迫的关系

The spatial structure of the Arctic sea ice concentration(SIC) variability and the connection to atmospheric as well as radiative forcing during winter and summer for the 1979–2017 period are investigated. The interannual variability with different spatial characteristics of SIC in summer and winter is extracted using the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) analysis. The present study confirms that the atmospheric circulation has a strong influence on the SIC through both dynamic and thermodynamic processes, as the heat flux anomalies in summer are radiatively forced while those in winter contain both radiative and "circulation-induced" components. Thus,atmospheric fluctuations have an explicit and extensive influence to the SIC through complex mechanisms during both seasons. Moreover, analysis of a variety of atmospheric variables indicates that the primary mechanism about specific regional SIC patterns in Arctic marginal seas are different with special characteristics.     

黄河三角洲地区地面沉降驱动因素研究

黄河三角洲地区地势低平、生态脆弱, 地面沉降使得海水入侵和风暴潮灾害加剧。弄清该区域地面沉降驱动因素, 对油田安全生产和湿地生态保护都有积极的意义。以20 m 地层为界, 将地面沉降驱动因素分为浅地层和深地层因素。分析了地表荷载增加、地下水和油气开采、沉积物固结压实、新构造运动等对该区地面沉降的驱动作用。此外, 探讨了海平面上升和地震灾害对该区地面沉降的影响。结果表明: 该区地面沉降驱动因素主要为沉积物固结和地下水开采, 但控制范围存在区域性差异;1969 年地震使该区产生明显地面沉降, 海平面上升使该区地面沉降形势更加严峻。     

北极地区不同冰龄的海冰厚度变化研究

In this study, changes in Arctic sea ice thickness for each ice age category were examined based on satellite observations and modelled results. Interannual changes obtained from Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite(ICESat)-based results show a thickness reduction over perennial sea ice(ice that survives at least one melt season with an age of no less than 2 year) up to approximately 0.5–1.0 m and 0.6–0.8 m(depending on ice age) during the investigated winter and autumn ICESat periods, respectively. Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System(PIOMAS)-based results provide a view of a continued thickness reduction over the past four decades. Compared to 1980 s, there is a clear thickness drop of roughly 0.50 m in 2010 s for perennial ice. This overall decrease in sea ice thickness can be in part attributed to the amplified warming climate in north latitudes. Besides, we figure out that strongly anomalous southerly summer surface winds may play an important role in prompting the thickness decline in perennial ice zone through transporting heat deposited in open water(primarily via albedo feedback) in Eurasian sector deep into a broader sea ice regime in central Arctic Ocean. This heat source is responsible for enhanced ice bottom melting, leading to further reduction in ice thickness.     

小清河河口海域冬季悬浮体特征

利用2007年1月对小清河口附近海区悬浮体和沉积物调查的数据,分析了小清河口海域冬季悬浮体的空间分布和粒度特征,探讨了悬浮体与海底表层沉积物的关系,并对其来源进行了初步分析。结果表明,悬浮体浓度和粒度特征空间分布不均,但有一定的规律性,并与海底表层沉积物之间存在着密切的联系;结合已有研究资料综合分析认为,河道内悬浮体主要来源于河流输移、河道两侧潮滩物质输送,而河口附近海域悬浮体主要源于近岸浅滩和海底表层沉积物的再悬浮和搬运。     

基于SPOT影像的筏式养殖区提取方法研究

本文以山东省荣成市黑泥湾及其北部海域作为研究区,分析了筏式养殖区在SPOT5假彩色合成影像上的亮度特征;根据纯水体亮度受悬沙分布影响较大的特点,设计了以邻域分析为基础的图像增强及分类方法,并在ArcGIS软件中实现;运用Erdas软件聚类统计、去除分析工具消除噪声,提高精度。该方法可快速监测浅海筏式养殖区空间分布情况,为提高用海管理水平并进行科学用海规划提供服务。     

桑沟湾海冰厚度遥感反演研究

为解决现场调查数据覆盖不足的问题,利用卫星遥感数据(Landsat TM和ETM+)对桑沟湾海域的海冰厚度进行了反演。与Zubov模型计算结果相比,本反演结果与之接近(相关系数0.89)。由遥感影像提取结果看出,桑沟湾海冰厚度随时间和空间变化明显。在轻冰年份,桑沟湾基本无冰。在偏重冰年和重冰年份,桑沟湾出现大量浮冰,并且海冰在水动力和风应力的作用下,呈现由近岸到离岸冰厚不断减小的趋势。重冰年份桑沟湾南侧由于受潮汐和风力推动作用下发生挤压变形,近岸出现平均冰厚较大的海冰(20 cm),桑沟湾中部也出现平均厚度约5~10 cm的海冰。     

Matlab环境下去 MODIS L1B 数据的“蝴蝶结”效应

The Bowtie effect occurs in MODIS Level 1B data,and is stored in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF)in formal.The Bowtie effect can not be removed before geometry calibration,so that Bowtie effect should be removed before geometry calibration.Modistools,amodule incorporated the ENVI environment in order to process the first level MODIS data,was developed by R&D Scanex,for removing the Bowtie effect.However,the module has two defects:it can be used only to manipulate integer data; and more than 50%data value would b e changed if the Modistools is used to manipolate integer typed MODIS data.We use a non-Ephemeris method to remove the effect,by using the Matlab numerical computing environment. The method has less pixels shifting and value changing problems     

小清河口附近海域泥沙运动特征及风场对泥沙输运的影响

根据对莱州湾内小清河口附近海域的海流、含沙量、底质类型分布的观测资料,并结合数值模型的计算结果,分析了该海域的泥沙输运趋势及底床冲淤变化情况。从整个海区来看,含沙量总体趋势为由岸向海逐渐增大,并呈现出北高南低的分布特点,在小清河入海口东北方向海域有一含沙量高值区;底质泥沙的分布沿纵向等深线显示了自岸向海由粗到细的分布规律,沿横向呈北细南粗的特征;浅滩泥沙局部搬运是泥沙淤积的主要来源,河口北侧海域有一较大侵蚀区,淤积区主要分布在河槽以南的滩涂和近岸区域,风场对该海域泥沙输运影响非常显著,小清河河口附近区域在一般天气下海水较清,如遇海向大风,则水体浑黄,但风后悬沙很快沉降,水体又变清。利用数值计算的方法研究了风场对该海域的影响,其影响大约是无风时平均值的10倍。