黄河三角洲潮滩潮沟近期变化遥感监测

Integrating remote sensing, geographic information system (GIS) and fractal theory, change characteristics of tidal flats and tidal creeks in the Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta over the period of 1986-2001 were discussed. The results show that evolutions of tidal fiats throughout the Huanghe River Delta are influenced by various factors, and that progressive succession and regression of tidal flats concur in different coastal segments of the delta. Human activities have played an increasingly important role in the succession process of tidal flats. Due to land reclamation in coastal zones of the delta in the last 15 years, lots of tidal flats were occupied, the artificial coastline migrated seaward (the maximum change rate was 0.8 kmyr^-1) and tidal creeks became sparser (the highest decreasing rate of length of tidal creeks was 14.9 kmyr^-1). Except for two coastal segments from the Tiaohe Estuary to the 106 Station and from the south of the Huanghe River mouth to the north of the Xiaodao River Estuary,fractal dimension values of tidal creeks in the remaining coastal segments of the delta decreased. In addition, the time dimension, sediment fluxes into the sea, waves and tidal-currents have profound influences on the evolution process of tidal flats. Four types of tidal flats-river-dominated tidal flats,tide-dominated tidal flats, wave-dominated tidal flats and man-dominated tidal flats can be identified.Owing to the intensification of human activities in coastal zones of the delta, man-dominated tidal flats have become the main kind of tidal flats.     

浅海筏式养殖对周边海域潮流和悬浮体特征影响研究

根据黑泥湾近岸海域养殖期与无养殖期多站同步分层潮流泥沙实测资料,对黑泥湾大规模海带养殖区及周边海域的潮流动力特征以及悬浮体分布规律和时间变化进行了动态的研究。通过对比海带养殖期与无养殖期潮流动力与悬浮体特征的时空变化规律,分析了浅海海带筏式养殖对周边海域悬浮体动力特征的影响作用。研究结果表明,研究区大范围分布的海带筏式养殖群落使得潮流动力减弱,并改变了潮流流速和悬浮体质量浓度的垂向分布特征,海底边界层的潮流底切应力被削弱,抑制了海底泥沙的再悬浮作用,但在一定程度上加强了水体的垂向混合作用。     

基于遥感反演的浒苔绿潮暴发对有色溶解有机物与叶绿素时空分布特征的影响

浒苔的暴发会对水体生态环境产生巨大的影响, 对此进行遥感监测具有十分重要的意义。本文基于现场同步实测的有色溶解有机物(colored dissolved organic matter, CDOM)吸收系数、叶绿素浓度以及光谱数据建立遥感反演模型,再结合MODIS卫星影像提取山东半岛南侧近岸海域在各年份浒苔暴发前后CDOM与叶绿素浓度的时空分布特征。结果表明, 浒苔的消亡分解会在水体中产生大量的CDOM, 但浒苔的生长繁殖同样会消耗CDOM, 此外CDOM还受到浒苔暴发时期强烈的光降解作用。在各种因素的综合作用下, 研究区海域CDOM浓度在浒苔暴发时期微弱升高, 浒苔消亡后CDOM浓度则开始回落。浒苔在暴发期会抑制其他浮游微藻的生长, 使研究区海域叶绿素浓度有所降低, 而浒苔消亡后叶绿素浓度有所上升。水体中的叶绿素受多种生物地球化学因素的影响, 因此叶绿素浓度的降低与浒苔的暴发强度之间没有明确的相关性。遥感反演可以大范围快速地提取水体中各种要素的分布情况, 但就浒苔的暴发对海水中各要素的影响机制而言, 还需要结合各种生态环境因子进行综合分析。     

卫星热红外亮温异常与深水海域天然气水合物藏区分布——以墨西哥湾地区为例

以墨西哥湾西北部陆坡区为研究区,利用NOAA/AVHRR热红外影像,通过分析1999年Central Mexico 7.0级地震、1999年Oaxaco 7.5级地震和2003年Colima 7.6级地震3次地震期间与墨西哥湾西北部陆坡区海底天然气水合物藏区对应的海表面上方卫星热红外亮温异常的变化,研究了卫星热红外亮温异常与深水海域天然气水合物藏区分布的关系.研究发现,与墨西哥湾西北部陆坡区海底天然气水合物藏区对应的海表面上方,临震前频繁出现孤立的、带状的、强度较大的卫星热红外亮温异常,该研究结果表明,同次和多次地震临震前,该地区频繁出现孤立、带状、强度较大的卫星热红外亮温异常可能与海底蕴藏着天然气水合物藏有关.     

基于遥感反演的海阳海域悬浮泥沙时空分布特征研究

选用2004—2017年不同时期的Landsat ETM+/OLI影像,利用2014年海阳核电站附近实测数据建立该区域表层悬浮泥沙质量浓度的多组反演模型,对比分析悬浮泥沙的时空分布特点。结果表明,研究区内悬浮泥沙质量浓度冬季高于夏季,其分布受河流输沙和海洋动力条件的双重影响,丁字河口为悬浮泥沙的重要供应来源。研究区内高质量浓度悬浮泥沙占比在海岸工程施工时期有升高现象。海岸工程建设对邻近海域悬浮泥沙的分布会产生影响,利用遥感技术反演海阳市邻近海域悬浮泥沙质量浓度可以反映人类海岸工程活动的影响。遥感技术监测悬浮泥沙的时空分布特点可以揭示环境的变迁,为众多海岸工程的建设提供数据支持和相关分析。     

基于RS 和GIS 的近代黄河三角洲滩涂变化分析

黄河携带泥沙入海不断淤积而形成丰富的滩涂是三角洲地区重要的后备土地资源, 掌握滩涂的空间分布及演化特征对合理开发滩涂, 加强滩涂资源的保护和可持续利用, 促进黄河三角洲高效生态经济区发展都有重要意义。选取近代黄河三角洲地区1989 年和2000 年landsat TM/ETM+影像, 利用基于专家知识的监督、目视判读分类方法, 提取了两个时期内不同行政区域和不同自然岸段的黄河三角洲滩涂信息。通过土地利用类型转换矩阵分析了滩涂与其他土地利用类型间的相互转化关系, 得出1989～2000 年间, 黄河三角洲中潮位滩涂主要向林草地(15.9%)、海域(12%)、其他用地(7%, 含已围待用地)和养殖、盐田用地(6.3%)等土地利用类型转化; 同时又有36.5%的海域、6.5%的水域和2.5%的林草地转化为滩涂; 而总体上滩涂面积呈减少趋势, 减少面积为246.42 km²。海洋动力作用、黄河断流、人类活动是致使滩涂面积减少的主要因素。     

山东半岛白沙滩及邻近海域沉积物分布与控制因素

对山东半岛白沙滩及邻近海域表层沉积物进行了粒度分析,结合相关的地质水文资料,探讨了海岸形态对沉积物粒度的影响。研究区底质类型以黏土质粉砂和砂质粉砂为主,由东北经古龙咀岬角向西南形成S形黏土质粉砂分布带,险岛湾地区沉积物呈带状由砂逐渐过渡到粉砂,潮汐和波浪是本区沉积物输运的主要水动力,岬角的存在影响了沉积物粒度的分布,粒度趋势分析表明沉积物整体有向岬角汇聚的输运趋势。     

风暴潮前后莱州湾西岸滩演化特征研究

Multiple surveys were conducted before and after storm surge at four beach sections,Sediment samples were analyzed and numerically simulated for understanding the characteristicsof becach reaction to storm surge and morphological evolution ,The results show that the sediment sources in this area do not increase in amount;the beach is basically stable in normal weather.While in gale weather,sediment from Yellow River and the eroded matters from the bank becomes a part of the sediment sources.The northem beach of Xiaoqing estuary is eroded seriously, while the southern beach is overall stable,Thw tidal creeks changed from the northern beach are transported greatly sea-ward and the inshore sediment becomes sandy,while that of the southem beach becomes silty,The sand transporting capability is almost 100 times of that in nomal weather. Human activities and big storm surges are the main reasons for the beach evolution.     

级比离散灰色模型在卫星钟差预报中的应用

针对传统灰色模型(grey model,GM)的拟合序列不能反映出建模数据序列级比动态变化这一问题,提出以建模序列的级比序列为对象,建立了能够反映出建模序列级比变化趋势的离散灰色模型(discrect grey model,DGM),给出了该方法应用于卫星钟差预报的具体步骤.首先,对建模钟差序列生成对应的级比序列;然后...     

Changes in Huanghe （Yellow） River estuary since artificial re-routing in 1996

With the combination of historical data, field observations and satellite remotely sensed images(Landsat TM/ETM and CBERS), changes in Huanghe (Yellow) River estuary since 1996 when artificial Chahe distributary was built up were studied, mainly including water and sediment discharge from the river, tides, tidal currents, suspended sediment diffusion, coastline changes and seabed development. During following six and half years (up to the end of 2002), runoff and sediment loads into the river mouth declined dramatically. At the beginning of the re-routing, abundant sediment loads from the river filled up nearshore shallow water areas so that the newborn delta prograded quickly. With rapid decrease of sediment loads transported to the estuary, the delta retrograded. In 1997, subaerial tip of the abandoned delta receded 1.5km; its annual mean recession rate was about 150 m in following years. In addition, marine dynamic condition near the artificial outlet had also changed. Under the interaction of ocean and river flow, most of incoming sediment loads deposited in the vicinity of the outlet. Seabed erosion occurred at the subaqueous delta front. Between 1999 and 2002, erosion thickness averaged at 0.3 m in the subaqueous delta of 585.5 km2.