利用重力和地形观测反演中国及邻区地壳厚度

尝试了直接利用布格重力数据和地形数据反演计算中国及邻区的地壳厚度的方法. 为减小区域不均衡性和重力反演中的不唯一性的影响,本方法利用地表地形起伏修正传统反演方法中的参考深度,并经过多次的迭代使得反演结果逼近真实值. 在此基础上,绘制了中国及邻区1deg;times;1deg;网格的地壳厚度图,对中国及邻区的布格重力异常和莫霍界面的起伏数据进行了相关性分析, 其相关性系数为-0.993. 其地形起伏与莫霍界面的起伏之间也呈现出了海、陆不同的线性相关,其相关系数分别为0.96和0.91. 相关性计算结果显示,重力数据揭示的大陆和海洋的交界大致为水下800 m. 为了探讨地球曲率对该算法可能的影响, 还分别计算了分区反演以及整体区域反演两种模式,研究发现两者得到的地壳厚度偏差在5km以内,并分析了可能产生偏差的原因. 比较本文结果与地震测深及其它研究结果表明,独立使用布格重力异常和地形数据,能较为可靠地反演出中国及邻区地壳厚度.      

Temporal structures of the North Atlantic Oscillation and its impact on the regional climate variability

In this study, the temporal structure of the variation of North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO） and its impact on regional climate variability are analyzed using various datasets. The results show that blocking formations in the Atlantic region are sensitive to the phase of the NAO. Sixty-seven percent more winter blocking days are observed during the negative phase compared to the positive phase of the NAO. The average length of blocking during the negative phase is about 11 days, which is nearly twice as long as the 6-day length observed during the positive phase of the NAO. The NAO-related differences in blocking frequency and persistence are associated with changes in the distribution of the surface air temperature anomaly, which, to a large extent, is determined by the phase of the NAO. The distribution of regional cloud amount is also sensitive to the phase of the NAO. For the negative phase, the cloud amounts are significant, positive anomalies in the convective zone in the Tropics and much less cloudiness in the mid latitudes. But for the positive phase of the NAO, the cloud amount is much higher in the mid-latitude storm track region. In the whole Atlantic region, the cloud amount shows a decrease with the increase of surface air temperature. These results suggest that there may be a negative feedback between the cloud amount and the surface air t.emperature in the Atlantic region.     

东亚干旱半干旱区空中水资源研究进展

系统回顾了近年来中外对东亚干旱半干旱区空中水资源方面的主要研究进展,主要包括大气水汽、云的分布特征、空中水资源的降水转化率及其影响因子等。东亚干旱半干旱区西部及东部水汽含量较中部高,背风坡水汽含量较迎风坡高,季风区及山脉地区云水资源高于盆地、沙漠上空。20世纪80年代中期以后,东亚干旱半干旱区对流层底部的水汽显著增多,其中夏季增加最为明显。在全球气候变化背景下,中国西北部分地区云水路径总体呈现上升趋势,同时呈现"东正西负"的东西向变化差异以及"北正南负"的反相位特征。大气环流、地表温度、下垫面地表特征等因子通过影响东亚干旱半干旱区的水汽输送及蒸散,进而改变东亚干旱半干旱区空中水资源,空中水资源的改变通过影响辐射收支、不同高度云量及第2次相变产生的云水含量进而对局地温度和降水产生影响。以往研究中,大部分主要针对东亚干旱半干旱区大气中的水汽含量和云平均状态的分布与变化特征,而与降水相关联的空中水资源的变化特征目前仍不清楚,有待系统深入地研究。      

《江苏苏州鸡笼山铅锌银矿普查》项目野外验收被评为优秀

江苏省国土资源厅日前组织专家对江苏省地调院承担的《江苏苏州鸡笼山铅锌银矿普查》项目进行了野外验收。《江苏苏州鸡笼山铅锌银矿普查》是国土资源部下达的2003年度矿产资源补偿费矿产勘查项目之一;国土资源部又分别于2005年、2006年下达了《江苏苏州鸡笼山铅锌银矿普查》项目续作计划,项目总投资570万元。     

北半球1月和7月纬偏场遥相关结构分析

本文利用1951－1986共36年资料对北半球500hPa1月和7月纬偏场的遥相关结构进行了分析结果表明：冬季纬偏场的遥相关结构与位势高度场的遥相关结构一致，都存在5种呈经向分布的遥相关型。但在夏季，位势高度场中的遥相关现象不明显，纬偏场中却存在4种呈纬向分布的遥相关型。对比纬偏场1月和7月的遥相关结构,发现两者存在明显差异。     

东北亚地区Ms5.0以上地震前后空间电场时空演化特征研究

本文利用2005年1月—2009年12月DEMETER电磁卫星观测的极低频/甚低频(ELF/VLF)39 Hz~6 kHz频段电场功率谱密度(PSD)观测量, 将研究频段划分为5个子频段对东北亚地区(38°N~58°N; 105°E~145°E)内发生的8个M_S≥5.0地震前后空间电场时空演化特征进行研究。 研究发现同一地震不同频段异常扰动区域并不完全在同一位置, 且同一地震的不同频段地震前后扰动形态也并不一致; 8个地震40次统计中有25% 的统计数据虽然基本在地震前后所有时间段都超过阈值2σ, 但未见明显扰动规律, 其余75%的统计数据中发现其扰动特征可以归纳为3类: 52%的统计数据在震前扰动幅度增大, 达到最大时发震, 震后持续降低; 7.5%的统计数据在震前扰动幅度达到高值, 而后下降过程中发震; 15%的统计数据在震前扰动幅度一直在增加且绝大部分时间低于2σ, 直至震后超过2σ, 且出现这种类型的异常均为震例的第五频段演化特征。 异常扰动区域主要集中在震中±4°以外的区域。     

A three-dimensional satellite retrieval method for atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles

A three-dimensional variational method is proposed to simultaneously retrieve the 3-D atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles from satellite radiance measurements. To include both vertical structure and the horizontal patterns of the atmospheric temperature and moisture, an EOF technique is used to decompose the temperature and moisture field in a 3-D space. A number of numerical simulations are conducted and they demonstrate that the 3-D method is less sensitive to the observation errors compared to the 1-D method. When the observation error is more than 2.0 K, to get the best results, the truncation number for the EOF＇s expansion have to be restricted to 2 in the 1-D method, while it can be set as large as 40 in a 3-D method. This results in the truncation error being reduced and the retrieval accuracy being improved in the 3-D method. Compared to the 1-D method, the rms errors of the 3-D method are reduced by 48% and 36% for the temperature and moisture retrievals, respectively. Using the real satellite measured brightness temperatures at 0557 UTC 31 July 2002, the temperature and moisture profiles are retrieved over a region （20°-45°N, 100°- 125°E） and compared with 37 collocated radiosonde observations. The results show that the retrieval accuracy with a 3-D method is significantly higher than those with the 1-D method.     

黄土高原气溶胶垂直结构的微脉冲激光雷达观测

Knowledge of the vertical distribution of aerosols in the free troposphere is important for estimating their impact on climate. In this study, direct observations of the vertical distribution of aerosols in the free troposphere are made using surface Micro-Pulse Lidar (MPL) measurements. The MPL measurements were made at the Loess Plateau (35.95°N, 104.1°E), which is near the major dust source regions of the Taklimakan and Gobi deserts. The vertical distribution of the MPL backscattering suggested that non-dust aerosols floated from ground level to an altitude of approximately 9 km around the source regions. Early morning hours are characterized by a shallow aerosol layer of a few hundred meters thick. As the day progresses, strong convective eddies transport the aerosols vertically to more than 1500 m. Citation: Huang, J. P., Z. W. Huang, J. R. Bi, et al., 2008: Micro-pulse lidar measurements of aerosol vertical structure over the Loess Plateau, Atmos. Oceanic Sci. Lett., 1, 8-11     

叶天竺教授专题报告会在南京举行

应江苏省国土资源厅邀请,国土资源部高咨委资深专家、原中国地质调查局局长叶天竺教授于2010年5月中旬在南京作专题报告会。会议由江苏省国土资源厅副厅长刘聪主持,在宁各地勘单位、研究院所的领导、专家及技术人员逾150人出席了会议。     

河西春季沙尘气溶胶粒子散射特性的初步研究

利用2008年春季中美沙尘暴联合观测试验中张掖观测站的积分浑浊度仪及同期常规气象资料,分析了有、无沙尘天气下气溶胶总散射系数(550nm)及后向散射比的日变化特征,讨论了一次典型的沙尘暴过程中气溶胶的散射特性。结果表明,在这两种天气状况下,总散射系数日变化都呈双峰型,但峰值大小和出现的时间不同。无沙尘日的气溶胶细粒子所占比例的变化较为明显,日较差比有沙尘日的大。沙尘暴发生时,气溶胶总散射系数有明显的突变,积分浊度仪是对沙尘气溶胶连续监测的有效的工具。