GPS水准在西部库区确定高程控制点中的应用

在我国西部山区,受地形起伏影响,很难通过传统的几何水准连测方式获取固定点的正常高,全球定位系统(GPS)技术的发展,使得大地测量发生了一场技术革命,可以全天候、实时提供可靠的地球三维坐标、三维角速度和时间信息.GPS高程精度的核心是评估高程异常值的精度,本文通过西部库区布设GPS平高控制点,利用区域似大地水准面精化模型实现了应用GPS水准法获取了高精度的正常高,并通过外符合检核方式评估其精度达到四等几何水准精度要求.     

城市空间三维地图及其在智慧城市中的应用

对城市空间三维地图相关的关键技术进行了系统梳理,结合深圳市拟建设的"数字政府"基础时空平台——"深圳市可视化城市空间数字平台"开展实例研究。结果表明,从二维地图可视化提升到城市空间的三维地图可视化,需要从现有的空间数据模型、数据组织与调度逻辑、地图可视化表达方法等方面开展研究,形成城市级的三维数据可视化表达核心框架,满足各类城市应用可视化渲染与仿真需求。     

泛地图学理论研究框架

信息与通信技术的快速发展带动人类进入地理空间、人文社会空间和信息空间相融合的三元空间。地图制图的目的、人员、对象和环境等均发生巨大变化,地图的类型、空间对象、表达维度、地图角色等呈现出显著泛化特征,现有地图学理论无法引领和指导当代的地图实践。地图学理论亟待"突围"。从地图学研究的角度出发,重新梳理泛地图的对象空间理论、表达维度模型,以及表达机制与方法,构建适应新环境背景,满足地图新视角、新思维、新制图需求的泛地图学理论框架,以适应地图学在新时期发展的需要。     

吉林省和龙市官地BIFs铁矿床地质特征

前寒武条带状磁铁矿(BIFs)是全球分布最广、规模最大的铁矿类型,官地铁矿是吉林省和龙地区的一个典型BIFs铁矿床,国内称之为鞍山式铁矿。     

青藏高原积雪和季节冻融层的突变特征及其对中国降水的影响

利用青藏高原气象台站观测的积雪和冻土资料,建立了高原积雪和季节冻融层1965—2004年的变化序列,通过滑动T平均、M-K检验、动力学分割算法(BG算法)等方法检验出高原积雪没有发生明显的突变过程,而高原季节冻融层在1987年前后有一次明显的突变,冻结深度减少比较显著.当高原积雪偏少时,华南和西南降水偏多,而当高原冻结较厚时,全国的降水几乎都偏少.通过计算高原积雪和季节冻融层与全国夏季降水的单因子相关和复相关发现,积雪和季节性冻土对中国夏季降水都有一定的可预测性,但是如果共同考虑两个因子的影响,则能够提高夏季降水预测的准确率.考虑两个因子的共同影响,有3个明显的相关带,分别是北部沿大兴安岭经太行山北部到陕北最后到河西走廊,中部在长江中下游地区,南部则是沿武夷山经南岭到云贵高原中部.     

世界页岩气勘探开发现状及对中国的启示

页岩气是一种潜在资源量巨大的非常规天然气资源,具有开采技术要求高、开采寿命长、稳产周期长的特点。近些年来,严峻的能源紧张形势和能源价格的快速增长,使页岩气资源在全世界受到了广泛的重视。回顾了美国页岩气勘探开发的历史,总结了美国的页岩气发育情况,跟踪了世界其他地区(加拿大、欧洲)包括中国页岩气研究的最新进展情况。根据前人的资料,认为中国南方海相页岩和北方盆地的湖相页岩具有巨大的页岩气资源潜力。鉴于页岩气是一种非常规能源,对其研究具有重大的现实意义,建议中国相关部门加大研究投入力度,尽快开展页岩气资源战略调查和选区研究工作,加强技术攻关创新、引进和国际合作,探讨中国现实国情下的页岩气相关政策,以早日实现页岩气在中国的商业性开发,促进经济快速发展。     

基于INS/DVL/GPS的UUV组合导航技术分析

水下组合导航是 UUV 完成长航时水下自主航行和任务的技术保障和基础,而基于 INS/DVL/GPS 的组合导航是当前 UUV 的主流组合导航方式,可解决导航误差随时间积累的难题,满足 UUV 长航时水下航行的要求。介绍了水下组合导航系统的结构和组成以及关键技术,并详细论述了初始对准算法、纯惯性解算算法、组合导航算法、DVL 标定算法和校准算法。     

ICESat-2与Sentinel-2数据融合的深度学习浅滩水深测量

目前卫星测深(SDB)被广泛应用于近海岸水深测量,然而常用的经验模型较简单,无法适用于各类复杂浅滩环境。为突破传统方法的局限性,本文提出一种ICESat-2与Sentinel-2数据融合的深度学习浅滩水深测量方法。以美国密西西比州猫岛(CI)、巴克岛(BI)为研究区,利用ICESat-2提取先验水深点,再基于Sentinel-2数据训练一维卷积神经网络(1-DCNN)以获取研究区水深图;同时采用波段比值模型(BR)、随机森林(RF)和多层感知器(MLP)作为对比方法进行精度定量分析发现,本文方法在CI、BI测得水深的均方根误差和决定系数分别为0.20 m、0.94和0.95 m、0.95,精度验证优于其他方法,因此该方法提高了水深反演精度。     

中国南海区1992-2012年的中尺度涡旋演化过程表达与统计分析

Automated identification and tracking of mesoscale ocean eddies has recently become one research hotspot in physical oceanography. Several methods have been developed and applied to survey the general kinetic and geometric characteristics of the ocean eddies in the South China Sea（SCS）. However, very few studies attempt to examine eddies＇ internal evolution processes. In this study, we reported a hybrid method to trace eddies＇ propagation in the SCS based on their internal structures, which are characterized by eddy centers, footprint borders, and composite borders. Eddy identification and tracking results were represented by a GIS-based spatiotemporal model. Information on instant states, dynamic evolution processes, and events of disappearance, reappearance, split, and mergence is stored in a GIS database. Results were validated by comparing against the ten Dongsha Cyclonic Eddies（DCEs） and the three long-lived anticyclonic eddies（ACEs） in the northern SCS, which were reported in previous literature. Our study confirmed the development of these eddies. Furthermore, we found more DCE-like and ACE-like eddies in these areas from 2005 to 2012 in our database. Spatial distribution analysis of disappearing, reappearing, splitting, and merging activities shows that eddies in the SCS tend to cluster to the northwest of Luzon Island, southwest of Luzon Strait, and around the marginal sea of Vietnam. Kuroshio intrusions and the complex sea floor topography in these areas are the possible factors that lead to these spatial clusters.     

南大西洋沉积物中多环芳香化合物的组成特征研究

10 samples of sediments obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were measured for the abundances and distributions of polycyclic aromatic compounds(PAHs). The total concentrations of PAHs(∑PAHs) ranged from 2.768 to 9.826 μg/g dry sediment. The ∑PAHs was higher in sample 22V-TVG10 and sample 26V-TVG05 which were close to hydrothermal fields, with the lowest value in sample 22V-TVG14 which was farthest from hydrothermal fields, suggesting a probable hydrothermal origin of ∑PAHs of samples. Approximately nine kinds of PAHs were identified, and low molecular mass tricyclic and tetracyclic aromatic compounds were predominant in the samples. The concentrations of fluoranthene which were typical as hydrothermal alteration compounds were the highest among PAHs with dry weight between 0.913–3.157 μg/g. The phenanthrene homologue was most abundant in the samples, and the ratios between parent phenanthrene and methylphenanthrene which probably reflected the degree of hydrothermal alteration ranged from 0.097 to 1.602. The sample 22V-TVG10 possessing a maximum ratio value showed the intense influence of the hydrothermal alteration on this sample, which might further imply that PAHs in sediments were mainly derived from the hydrothermal alteration.