氯化铁对磷酸铁锂中锂浸出性能研究

随着新能源电动汽车的发展,磷酸铁锂(LiFePO₄,LFP)电池的报废量逐年剧增,由于其有价金属锂含量低,回收经济性差,近年来废旧LFP的低成本回收成为研究热点。基于同构诱导置换浸出,以FeCl₃为浸出剂,在固-液反应体系中探究了FeCl₃对LFP中的锂浸出的影响因素,利用未反应核收缩模型探究了两个浸出阶段的宏观动力学。结果表明,增大FeCl₃/LFP摩尔比、减小固液比和升高反应温度可以显著促进锂的浸出;在浸出前4 min内,锂浸出速率主要受固态产物层内扩散过程控制,表观活化能为6.68 kJ/mol; 4 min后锂浸出速率受流体膜外扩散、产物层内扩散和化学反应混合机制的控制。     

镁源种类对制备碱式硼酸镁的影响

采用MgO、MgCl_2·6H_2O和Mg(NO_3)_2·6H_2O为原料,通过XRD、SEM、FTIR等测试方法,研究不同镁源对碱式硼酸镁形貌和组成的影响。在190℃条件下反应10 h,制备碱式硼酸镁(MgBO_2(OH))。结果表明,以MgO为反应物时,由于其反应活性较差,导致产物中出现大量氢氧化镁杂质;以MgCl_2·6H_2O为反应物时,所得产物长径比较小;以Mg(NO_3)_2·6H_2O为反应物时,得到分散性高、形貌规整的棒状产物。     

热电离质谱法测定锂同位素的研究进展

锂的两种稳定同位素6Li和7Li存在很大的相对质量差,质量分馏效应十分明显,因此要精确地测定锂同位素比值十分困难。近年来,随着质谱测定方法的发展,锂同位素的测定取得了长足进展。目前,使用热电离质谱仪(TIMS)和多接受电感耦合等离子质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS)测定锂同位素比值的较多。TIMS相比于MC-ICP-MS,其测定精度较高。主要对使用热电离质谱仪(TIMS)测定锂同位素进行了详细的介绍,主要包括带材料和带结构、涂样形式以及电离温度这3方面的研究进展,并指出了此方法存在的一些问题。     

沼泽湿地生态储水量及生态需水量计算方法

As one of the most typical wetlands, marsh plays an important role in hydrological and economic aspects, especially in keeping biological diversity. In this study, the definition and connotation of the ecological water storage of marsh is discussed for the first time, and its distinction and relationship with ecological water requirement are also analyzed. Furthermore, the gist and method of calculating ecological water storage and ecological water requirement have been provided, and Momoge wetland has been given as an example of calculation of the two variables. Ecological water use of marsh can be ascertained according to ecological water storage and ecological water requirement. For reasonably spatial and temporal varia-tion of water storage and rational water resources planning, the suitable quantity of water supply to marsh can be calculated according to the hydrological conditions, ecological de-mand and actual water resources.     

TMPA降水数据在澜沧江流域干旱监测中的评估(英文)

Drought is one of the most destructive disasters in the Lancang River Basin, which is an ungauged basin with strong heterogeneity on terrain and climate. Our validation suggested the version-6 monthly TRMM multi-satellite precipitation analysis (TMPA; 3B43 V.6) product during the period 1998 to 2009 is an alternative precipitation data source with good accuracy. By using the standard precipitation index (SPI), at the grid point (0.25°×0.25°) and sub-basin spatial scales, this work assessed the effectiveness of TMPA in drought monitoring during the period 1998 to 2009 at the 1-month scale and 3-months scale; validated the monitoring accuracy of TMPA for two severe droughts happened in 2006 and 2009, respectively. Some conclusions are drawn as follows. (1) At the grid point spatial scale, in comparison with the monitoring results between rain gauges (SPI1g) and TMPA grid (SPI1s), both agreed well at the 1-month scale for most of the grid points and those grid points with the lowest critical success index (CSI) are distributed in the middle stream of the Lancang River Basin. (2) The same as SPI1s, the consistency between SPI3s and SPI3g is good for most of the grid points at the 3-months scale, those grid points with the lowest were concentrated in the middle stream and downstream of the Lancang River Basin. (3) At the 1-month scale and 3-months scale, CSI ranged from 50% to 76% for most of the grid points, which demonstrated high accuracy of TMPA in drought monitoring. (4) At the 3-months scale, based on TMPA basin-wide precipitation estimates, though we tended to overestimate (underestimate) the peaks of dry or wet events, SPI3s detected successfully the occurrence of them over the five sub-basins at the most time and captured the occurrence and development of the two severe droughts happened in 2006 and 2009. This analysis shows that TMPA has the potential for drought monitoring in data-sparse regions.     

遥感水文应用中的尺度问题

遥感技术在水文科学中的广泛应用，极大地拓宽了其研究的领域和范围，增加了其研究的深度。但同时也应该看到，遥感信息的空间分辨率和时间分辨率，以及水文科学自身尺度问题的复杂性，一方面对遥感水文的应用产生困难和问题，限制了水文遥感的应用；另一方面又对水文尺度问题提供了新的技术手段，为遥感水文应用增添了新的亮点。从水文机理与空间尺度、遥感信息的空间分辨率、水文参数的空间延拓，以及遥感技术与水文科学的发展等 4个方面探讨了遥感水文的空间尺度问题；从瞬时遥感信息的时间拓展和遥感信息的时间分辨率 2个方面讨论了遥感水文的时间尺度问题。     

澜沧江水文与水环境特征及其时空分异

简要分析了我国澜沧江流域云南段部分水化学指标的时空变化，发现顺干流流向降水和径流的变化量增加，稳定性减弱，离子浓度也随水流方向逐步降低；典型站点的离子浓度随时间表现出程度各异的增加势头。而支流的空间变异比较复杂，表明非地带性因子的作用强烈。目前澜沧江水质总体尚好，丰水期主要污染指标为CODMn和TP；上、中游水质良好，下游水质污染较严重，支流水质劣于干流；上、中游水质比较稳定，年际变化较小，下游及各支流水质呈逐年恶化趋势。     

N523-TBP混合萃取体系从盐湖卤水中萃取锂的机理研究

研究了N523(N,N-二乙基己基乙酰胺)-TBP(磷酸三丁酯)混合萃取体系从盐湖卤水中萃取锂的共萃取效应、盐析效应及共存离子影响。FeCl_3、CoCl_2、NiCl_2、CuCl_2、ZnCl_2等过渡金属氯化物盐对锂的共萃取效应研究表明,FeCl_3是最佳的共萃剂,Fe/Li摩尔比为1.3时萃取效果最优。卤水中KCl、CaCl_2、NaCl、MgCl_2、Al Cl3的盐析效应研究表明,MgCl_2是萃取锂天然的最佳盐析剂。卤水中Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)等共存离子对锂萃取效果的影响研究表明,锂与共存离子的分离因数顺序为βLiMgβLiKβLiNaβLiCa。N523-TBP混合萃取体系特别适合从高镁卤水中萃取锂,但不适于从含钙较高的卤水中萃取锂。     

粉煤灰浸取液与盐湖富镁卤水制备镁铝水滑石及其性质研究

近些年来,粉煤灰和盐湖老卤镁资源的综合利用逐渐成为人们关注的焦点之一,绿色制备低成本类水滑石是有效的解决方式之一。本文以Na_2CO_3和NaOH为沉淀剂和pH调节剂,以高浓度粉煤灰浸取液中Al~(3+)和近饱和富镁卤水中的Mg~(2+)为金属离子源,采用共沉淀-水热法,成功制备了镁铝水滑石。通过XRD和SEM的测试分析探讨了陈化温度、陈化时间、镁铝摩尔比、碱液浓度等因素对镁铝水滑石形貌结构的影响。结果表明用加料方式A:将铝源与镁源依次加入碱液中;陈化时间6h;陈化温度140℃;Mg/Al摩尔比2;摩尔比为1;粉煤灰浸取液滴加速度为0.3 mL/min(料液体积为9mL);富镁卤水滴加速度为0.6 mL/min;反应温度60℃;NaOH浓度4 mol/L时,合成的镁铝水滑石为六边形片层结构,形貌更为规整(颗粒粒径为100～200 nm),结晶度更高。本文研究为粉煤灰浸取液和盐湖老卤废弃物的高值化利用奠定一定的理论基础。     

粉煤灰浸取液与盐湖富镁卤水制备镁铝水滑石

近些年来,粉煤灰和盐湖老卤镁资源的综合利用逐渐成为人们关注的焦点之一,绿色制备低成本类水滑石是有效的解决方式之一。本文以Na2CO3和NaOH为沉淀剂和pH调节剂,以高浓度粉煤灰浸取液中Al3+和近饱和富镁卤水中的Mg2+为金属离子源,采用共沉淀-水热法,成功制备了镁铝水滑石。通过XRD和SEM的测试分析探讨了陈化温度、陈化时间、镁铝摩尔比、碱液浓度等因素对镁铝水滑石形貌结构的影响。结果表明用加料方式A：将铝源与镁源依次加入碱液中;陈化时间6h;陈化温度140℃;Mg/Al摩尔比为3;摩尔比为1;粉煤灰浸取液滴加速度为0.3mL/min（料液体积为9mL）;富镁卤水滴加速度为0.6mL/min;反应温度60℃;NaOH浓度4mol/L时,合成的镁铝水滑石为六边形片层结构,形貌更为规整（颗粒粒径为100-200nm）,结晶度更高。本文研究为粉煤灰浸取液和盐湖老卤废弃物的高值化利用奠定一定的理论基础。