上新世以来南海海水表层温度（SST）的变化

The reconstruction of sea surface temperature(SST) is a key issue in research on paleoceanography. The recently related studies are mainly concentrated on the Quaternary. The skeletons of a typical species of benthonic foraminifer(Amphistegina radiata) in the top 0–375.30 m interval of Well "Xike-1" reef core, Shidao Island, the Xisha Islands, are uniformly selected. The ratios of magnesium to calcium concentrations and other indicators are analyzed by an electron microprobe analysis(EMPA) with the purpose of estimating the paleo-SSTs since the Pliocene and further investigating the periodic change law of paleoclimate in the South China Sea(SCS).Meanwhile, the geologic significance of paleoclimatic events in the SCS is discussed with global perspectives. The results indicate that the paleo-SSTs reconstructed by the ratios of magnesium to calcium concentrations in the SCS show a general periodic trend of "high–low–high–low" in values changes since the Pliocene. By comparison,the fluctuations of reconstructed paleo-SSTs are much stronger in the Quaternary. Moreover, the variations of the ratios of magnesium to calcium concentrations in the A. radiata skeletons have recorded a series of major paleoclimatic events since the Pliocene, of which the Quaternary glaciation events and the Arctic ice cap forming events during the late Pliocene are more significant. Thus, using the changes of the ratios of magnesium to calcium concentrations in the A. radiata skeletons from Well "Xike-1" reef core to reflect the relative changes of paleo-SSTs is a relatively feasible and reliable way in the SCS, which is also proved by the correlation of drilling cores characteristics in this area.     

琼东南盆地三亚组陆架边缘三角洲的发现及其油气勘探意义

以琼东南盆地最新钻井和地震资料解释为基础,结合区域地质背景,从岩相、地震相、平面展布及垂向演化等几个方面入手,提出了陆架边缘三角洲这一重要深水储层类型,并与正常陆架三角洲、浅海砂坝的差异进行了对比,研究表明:琼东南盆地北部三亚组一段沉积时期发育陆架边缘三角洲;陆架边缘三角洲沉积于相对海平面下降期,岩性由浅灰色细砂岩-灰白色钙质细砂岩组成了多个反旋回序列,地震剖面上表现为明显前积特征,整体位于陆架边缘附近,明显区别于浅海砂坝和陆架三角洲;通过壁心储层物性分析,陆架边缘三角洲河口坝砂岩以细砂岩为主,单储厚度大、砂岩粒度粗,储层物性较好,鉴于陆架边缘三角洲具有良好的储层特征,有望成为我国深水油气勘探的又一主要靶区,并对其他深水盆地油气勘探具有重要借鉴意义。     

琼东南盆地中央坳陷带拆离断层及其控盆作用

Using regional geological, newly acquired 2D and 3D seismic, drilling and well log data, especially 2D long cable seismic profiles, the structure and stratigraphy in the deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin are interpreted. The geometry of No.2 fault system is also re-defined, which is an important fault in the central depression belt of the deep-water area in the Qiongdongnan Basin by employing the quantitative analysis techniques of fault activity and backstripping. Furthermore, the dynamical evolution of the No.2 fault sys-tem and its controls on the central depression belt are analyzed. This study indicates that the Qiongdongnan Basin was strongly influenced by the NW-trending tensile stress field during the Late Eocene. At this time, No.2 fault system initiated and was characterized by several discontinuous fault segments, which controlled a series small NE-trending fault basins. During the Oligocene, the regional extensional stress field changed from NW-SE to SN with the oceanic spreading of South China Sea, the early small faults started to grow along their strikes, eventually connected and merged as the listric shape of the No.2 fault system as ob-served today. No.2 fault detaches along the crustal Moho surface in the deep domain of the seismic profiles as a large-scale detachment fault. A large-scale rollover anticline formed in hanging wall of the detachment fault. There are a series of small fault basins in both limbs of the rollover anticline, showing that the early small basins were involved into fold deformation of the rollover anticline. Structurally, from west to east, the central depression belt is characterized by alternatively arranged graben and half-graben. The central depression belt of the Qiongdongnan Basin lies at the extension zone of the tip of the V-shaped northwest-ern ocean sub-basin of the South China Sea, its activity period is the same as the development period of the northwestern ocean sub-basin, furthermore the emplacement and eruption of magma that originated from the mantle b     

西沙西科1井三亚组生物礁沉积的磁性地层及其环境意义

生物礁沉积是南海乃至西北太平洋重要的沉积类型之一。本文利用新近钻进取芯的南海西沙西科1井生物礁沉积,开展了详细的磁性地层学研究。结果显示,早中新世三亚组记录了跨度为C5Dn~C6An正极性时的生物礁沉积。在综合全孔年代学结果的基础上,划分出新近纪西沙地区生物礁生长、发育的3个阶段:约16.5 Ma和约13.5 Ma两个稳定堆积时期,以及16.5~13.5 Ma快速堆积的"中中新世跃迁事件"。此外,本文推测西沙地区生物礁初始发育的时间显著早于过去认为的约20 Ma,同时三阶段的演化模式可能与南海扩张-结束的构造环境密切关联。     

利用Google Earth和SRTMGL1进行高分辨率遥感影像正射校正

在无实测地面控制点情况下,本文提出了一套基于Google Earth和SRTMGL1的遥感影像正射校正流程。首先在ENVI5.3中,将待校正影像与参考影像(即Google Earth影像)进行同名地物点自动匹配,获得同名点文件(PTS);然后在Arc GIS 10.2平台下,根据参考点的X、Y坐标,将校正控制点表数据转换为Arc GIS点文件(SHP);最后将该点文件与SRTMGL1高程数据进行空间叠加,获得高程值,得到带有高程值的地面控制点文件,进而进行有控制点的正射校正。相较于无控制点的正射校正,本研究所采用的处理流程可以有效提高校正精度,为后续影像镶嵌奠定良好基础;镶嵌中误差为2.13 m,可满足1∶5000土地利用现状调查的技术要求。     

基于空间位置的属性数据连接及对不依比例地物统计的应用研究

本研究着眼于土地利用现状调绘不依比例地物的精确统计,围绕着基于空间位置的属性连接方法的应用,利用MapGIS、AutoCAD、CASS和MapGIS土地利用数据库管理系统等软件展开了分析。探讨了空间位置的属性连接方法的理论基础与实施步骤,并提出了空间数据的质量控制与检查的对策。在此基础之上,通过对同一测绘对象分别使用传统方法和基于空间位置的属性连接方法进行了统计,对两种方法的统计结果进行了对比。证实了基于空间位置属性连接方法能够更有效地提高空间数据统计的精度和速度。     

湄公河三角洲第四系沉积物地球化学特征及其地质意义

湄公河三角洲是由发源于青藏高原的世界第7长河——湄公河于南海西南部入海口处沉积而成.由于缺少可靠的地球化学资料和系统研究,湄公河三角洲地区第四系沉积物源性质尚不明确,制约了对湄公河三角洲源汇系统的进一步认识.本文对湄公河三角洲第四系沉积物进行了重矿物、主量元素和微量元素的地球化学特征分析,结果表明:所有样品稀土元素球粒...     

南海万安盆地构造-层序发育特征与构造-沉积充填演化

万安盆地是南海西南部重要的沉积盆地之一,深入分析其构造-沉积充填特征对于认识南海南部主要构造事件及其沉积响应具有重要的科学意义.利用覆盖全盆地的二维地震资料,结合国内外的研究成果,对万安盆地构造-层序特征及其构造-沉积充填演化进行分析.研究表明,万安盆地内新生代以来可识别出8个主要的二级/三级层序界面.沉降模拟显示,盆...     

南海西沙海域西科1井第四系生物礁: 碳酸盐岩成岩作用特征

以西科1井第四系乐东组生物礁-碳酸盐岩地层为研究对象, 通过偏光显微镜观察、茜素红-S和铁氰化钾混合溶液染色、扫描电镜和矿物阴极发光性观察等分析方法研究了生物礁-碳酸盐岩的岩石学和成岩作用特征.西科1井生物礁-碳酸盐岩成岩作用包括较弱的压实作用、新生变形作用、微生物泥晶化作用、溶解作用、胶结作用.以典型胶结物岩相学产状为标志, 结合矿物阴极发光性特征识别出了大气水和海水成岩环境.其中, 大气水成岩环境以典型的新月形或悬垂形方解石胶结物为识别标志, 海水成岩环境以纤维状-针状文石为识别标志.成岩环境的垂向分布表现为: 0~27 m深度内为显著的大气水成岩环境; 27~42 m深度内以大气水成岩环境为主, 其次为海水成岩环境; 42~105 m深度内以大气水成岩环境为主, 海水成岩环境的影响弱; 105~172 m深度内大气水和海水成岩环境均出现; 172.00~214.89 m深度内为海水成岩环境.      

乌石凹陷南部陡坡带流二段大型储集体发育条件及特征

综合钻井、古生物、地震、薄片等资料,分析了乌石凹陷南部陡坡带大型储集体的发育条件、类型、特征及有利勘探方向。研究结果认为:提出湖平面、物源、断裂及古地貌等耦合控制了断陷湖盆陡坡带大型储集体的发育,其中强烈的湖退事件是发育大型储集体的古湖盆演化基础;充足的物源供给是形成大型储集体的物质保证;显著的断裂聚砂效应和适宜的地貌条件是构建大型储集体的重要汇水机制。大型储集体的主要类型为扇三角洲和辫状河三角洲,其中扇三角洲主要受断面缓坡带及沟谷地貌的控制,沉积上岩性较粗,微相以水下分流河道和水下分流间湾为主;辫状河三角洲主要受转换断阶带、帚状断阶带及相对宽缓地貌的控制,沉积上岩性较细,微相除水下分流河道、水下分流间湾以外,河口坝及远砂坝也较为发育。在此基础上,结合大型储集体的发育特征,明确了乌石凹陷南部陡坡带东段的有利勘探层系为流二段下层序高位域,西段的有利勘探层系为流二段上层序低位及湖侵域;而各大型储集体的前端,由于岩性圈闭、岩性-构造圈闭及构造圈闭等发育,且埋藏浅、靠近生烃中心,还位于油气运聚的优势方向,为有利的勘探区域。