Interdecadal oscillations of temperatures in 1903-2002 over the Antarctic Peninula

<正> In the paper,by use of the monthly mean temperature data of 12 sta-tions in the vicinity of Antarctic Peninsula,the temperature series during 1903-2000 is founded and the interdecadal oscillation of the temperature are discussed.The results indicate that 1) There are three jumps during 1919-1923,1947-1953 and 1976-1982 in recent hundred years and the stable climate step betweentwo jump points lasted about 30 years.2)Annual mean temperature is increasedby 0.730℃ in an echelon during 1903-2000,the warming extent is dissimilarityin each season,the maximum of warming is in the winter and the minimum ofwarming is in summer.3)The ice decline trend is presented in the index of Iceconcentration in the vicinity sea of Antarctic Peninsula,which shows a-0.2053/10a drop,and the decrease trend of the ice concentration index in summerhalf year(Dec-May)is found much more obviously than that in winter half year(Jun-Nov).4)There is better negative relationship between the temperature andthe Ice concentration index in Antarctic Peninsula and its vicinity sea,which cor-relation coefficient of is exceed the significance level of 5% in summer,autumnand annual. Antarctic Peninsula,temperature,sea ice,oscillation.     

地球环境和全球变化研究中心简介

地球环境和全球变化研究中心的研究目标是针对全球变化研究领域中新的分支学科”地球环境和气候变化的系统”和气象业务现代化进程中遇到的相关高新技术问题开展研究。研究中产心旨在提高我国环境和气候系统变化及其相互影响和相互作用的检测和预测水平,并开展基础理论研究和应用基础研究,建设成为我国一流水平的研究中心。中心有部门级大气化学开放实验室、计算机室、青海瓦里关山大气本底观象台、3个区域大气本底站、3个臭氧观测站、包括86个站点的酸雨网、中南极长城气象站和中山气象站。具有装备先进的大气化学和大气边界层野外科学试…     

中国气象科学研究院与NOAA合作开展碳循环观测试验的访美报告

2003年出席中美气候变化工作组第三次会议的3位美方科学家R.Schell(NOAA气候监测诊断实验室负责人)、J.Buizer(NOAA全球计划办公室资深科学家)、J.Schrager(美国环保局全球变化计划办公室处长)     

城市环境大气重污染过程周边源影响域

北京城市周边污染源影响问题是北京环境污染治理决策亟待解决的关键环节之一. 综合分析2001年1~3月份BECAPEX(Beijing City Atmospheric Pollution Experiment), MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)与TOMS(Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer)卫星遥感资料, 提出追踪污染源“上游”风场合成矢量法. 通过统计分析北京及周边地区TOMS与MODIS卫星遥感气溶胶区域性特征, 发现北京城市重污染过程与南部周边城市群落排放源影响相关显著, 北京周边向南开口的类似“马蹄型”地形可能导致周边源远距离输送的污染物“滞留”效应, 形成北京与南部周边排放源近似南-北向带状影响域. 综合分析北京地区重污染过程轨迹特征, 并选取2001年1~3月份重污染过程与空气质量良好时段作为分析样本, 采用HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory)轨迹模式进行模拟试验, 揭示了北京城区重污染过程河北、山东和天津等地城市群落污染排放源扩散轨迹. 选取北京城区异常重污染过程个例, 并用RAMS(Regional Atmosphere Model System)模式模拟试验, 亦揭示了北京城区异常污染过程周边外源贡献率, 进一步证实了北京城市重污染过程加剧的重要因素之一是南部周边城市污染物外源的输入.     

CO2湍流通量误差的修正和不确定性研究进展

目前国内外对能量和CO₂涡动相关通量的测量误差的谱修正缺乏一致性，导致各测量站之间的资料对比难以进行，给全球尺度资料的合成造成很大困难。因此在强调长期CO₂通量测量精度的同时，还应该注重确定对测量误差修正的首选方法和研究重点。该文主要介绍了两种用于修正测量仪器误差的谱方法；二维和三维的气流运动对通量误差的影响；资料处理中的误差；夜间CO₂通量的测量问题。     

南极海冰涛动与ENSO的关系

对近30年南极海冰密集度资料的EOF和SVD分析，发现南极地区在罗斯海外围和别林斯高晋海的海冰密集度场存在着“翘翘板”的变化特征，并与ENSO有密切联系。由此定义两个海冰关键区的差值为南极海冰涛动指数（ASOI），ASOI超前SOI和Nino3指数2个月时，其正、负相关系数达到最大，并通过α=0.001的信度检验。ASOI高、低指数阶段对应的南半球海平面气温、气压场和风场的合成分析表明，海冰关键区的异常变化可能引起温度、气压、风场的响应而影响南太平洋的洋流，进而对ENSO的发生、发展产生影响。     

北京大气边界层中风和温度廓线的观测研究

为了研究冬季北京城区大气边界层结构的特征,分别在城区和郊区4个观测点利用系留气艇在2001年1月5～13日和2月21～28日进行了大气廓线探测,并分析了温度和风廓线垂直变化的基本特征.初步结果显示城市热岛效应十分明显,热岛强度随高度增加而递减,近地层热岛强度在晴天最大可达到4℃左右.除了近地层郊区的风速大于城区外,城区和郊区风速的垂直分布特征有较大差异.在100～200m高度以下,城区和郊区风速和风向随高度分布都出现了明显的拐点,300 m以上高度风向和风速基本趋于一致,表明城区和郊区的风廓线均受到城市覆盖层的影响.随着北京市区的规模不断扩大,在今后探测中应考虑郊区测点的代表性.     

光电型断层形变测量仪在安丘地震台的应用分析

一、引言光电型断层形变测量仪是中国地震局“九五”重点项目95-04“强地震预测预报技术研究”一级课题“中短期前兆观测仪器的研制”所属子专题的研究成果,是智能型光、机、电一体化数字测量仪器,灵敏阈达到微米级。该仪器在研制设计中采用了先进的CCD线阵数字传感技术和微处理技术,解决了高分辨(0.001mm)和超宽量程(30mm)之间的矛     

A comprehensive physical pattern of land-air dynamic and thermal structure on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

According to the boundary layer observations of three stations (Garze, Damxung and Qamdu) and relevant earth satellite, radiosonde and surface observations during the intensive observational period (IOP) of the second Tibetan (Qinghai-Xizang) Plateau Experiment of atmospheric science (TIPEX), the land-air physical process and dynamic model on the Tibetan Plateau were comprehensively analyzed in this study. The dynamic characteristics of boundary layer and the rules of turbulent motion on the plateau were illustrated. The characteristics of distributions of wind speed and direction with mutiple-layer structure and deep convective mixed layer on the plateau, the strong buoyancy effect in turbulent motion on the plateau on which the air density is obviously smaller than on the plain, and the Ekman spiral and its dynamic pump effect of the plateau deep boundary layer have been found. The local static distribution of water vapor and the horizontal advection of water vapor in the plateau boundary layer were studied. The abnomal thermodynamic structure on the plateau surface and boundary layer, including the plateau strong radiation phenomenon and strong heating source characteristics of the middle plateau, was also analyzed. The authors synthesized the above dynamic and thermodynamic structures of both surface and boundary layers on the plateau and posed the comprehensive physical model of the turbulence and convective mixture mechanism on the plateau boundary layer. The characteristics of formation, development and movement for convective cloud cluster over the plateau influencing floods in the Yangtze River area of China were studied. The conceptual model of dynamic and thermodynamic structures of turbulent motion and convective plume related to the frequent occurrence of "pop-corn-like" cloud system is given as well.     

中国南极考察的业务天气预报

中国南极考察活动的业务天气服务始于１９８４年，这种天气服务包括为南极长城站、中山站以及南大洋考察提供天气预报及服务。中国气象人员在南极现场利用南极气象中心发出的传真天气图（实况和预报），极轨气象卫星云图，并考虑当地单站气象要素演变及统计预报结果进行天气预报，为中国南极考察活动作出了贡献。