甘孜州地区旅游资源特征与区划

甘孜州旅游资源丰富，类型多样，发展前景广阔。本文重点介绍了全州的旅游资源状况和特色，并根据其地域组合及功能特点划分为三个区。     

Precise orbit determination of the Fengyun-3C satellite using onboard GPS and BDS observations

The GNSS Occultation Sounder instrument onboard the Chinese meteorological satellite Fengyun-3C (FY-3C) tracks both GPS and BDS signals for orbit determination. One month’s worth of the onboard dual-frequency GPS and BDS data during March 2015 from the FY-3C satellite is analyzed in this study. The onboard BDS and GPS measurement quality is evaluated in terms of data quantity as well as code multipath error. Severe multipath errors for BDS code ranges are observed especially for high elevations for BDS medium earth orbit satellites (MEOs). The code multipath errors are estimated as piecewise linear model in \(2{^{\circ }}\times 2{^{\circ }}\) grid and applied in precise orbit determination (POD) calculations. POD of FY-3C is firstly performed with GPS data, which shows orbit consistency of approximate 2.7 cm in 3D RMS (root mean square) by overlap comparisons; the estimated orbits are then used as reference orbits for evaluating the orbit precision of GPS and BDS combined POD as well as BDS-based POD. It is indicated that inclusion of BDS geosynchronous orbit satellites (GEOs) could degrade POD precision seriously. The precisions of orbit estimates by combined POD and BDS-based POD are 3.4 and 30.1 cm in 3D RMS when GEOs are involved, respectively. However, if BDS GEOs are excluded, the combined POD can reach similar precision with respect to GPS POD, showing orbit differences about 0.8 cm, while the orbit precision of BDS-based POD can be improved to 8.4 cm. These results indicate that the POD performance with onboard BDS data alone can reach precision better than 10 cm with only five BDS inclined geosynchronous satellite orbit satellites and three MEOs. As the GNOS receiver can only track six BDS satellites for orbit positioning at its maximum channel, it can be expected that the performance of POD with onboard BDS data can be further improved if more observations are generated without such restrictions.     

Validation of Column-Averaged Dry-Air Mole Fraction of CO_2 Retrieved from OCO-2 Using Ground-Based FTS Measurements

In order to correctly use the column-averaged atmospheric CO_2 dry-air mole fraction(XCO_2) data in the CO_2 flux studies, XCO_2 measurements retrieved from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2(OCO-2) in 2015 were compared with those obtained from the global ground-based high-resolution Fourier Transform Spectrometer(FTS) participating in the Total Carbon Column Observing Network(TCCON). The XCO_2 retrieved from three observing modes adopted by OCO-2, i.e., nadir, target, and glint, were separately validated by the FTS measurements at up to eight TCCON stations located in different areas. These comparisons show that OCO-2 glint mode yields the best qualitative estimations of CO_2 concentration among the three operational approaches. The overall results regarding the glint mode show no obvious systematic biases. These facts may indicate that the glint concept is appropriate for not only oceans but also land regions. Negative systematic biases in nadir and target modes have been found at most TCCON sites. The standard deviations of XCO_2 retrieved from target and nadir modes within the observation period are similar, and larger than those from glint mode. We also used the FTS site in Beijing, China, to assess the OCO-2 XCO_2 in 2016. This site is located in a typical urban area, which has been absent in previous studies. Overall, OCO-2 XCO_2 agrees well with that from FTS at this site. Such a study will benefit the validation of the newly launched TanSat products in China.     

渤海和南海海域极值风速的置信区间

目前我国海洋台站积累的实测日最大风速资料长度还较短，本文提出采用实测日4次（或3次）平均风速产生日最大风速样本的方法。认为极值风速是随机变量，采用本文方法产生的日最大风速样本，统计推算了渤海和南海海域15个台站的若干年一遇极值风速的统计参数，得到了不同重现期的不同置信水平的极值风速区间，为更合理地确定海洋平台结构设计风荷载提供了依据。     

基于月球反射的遥感器定标跟踪监测

月亮辐照度是可见近红外波段一种稳定的辐射参考基准,对月观测已成为星载遥感仪器辐射定标和验证的一种新方法。风云三号03星(FY-3C)中分辨率光谱成像仪(Moderate Resolution Spectral Imager,MERSI)增加了对月观测功能,改进了太阳反射波段的在轨辐射定标。本文收集分析了MERSI在轨工作以来的全部11组对月观测数据,利用通道间辐照度比值方法移除月相角,日—月—星相对距离等因素对月亮辐照度观测值的影响,开展了可见光近红外波段的辐射定标工作,实现了MERSI太阳反射通道的辐射定标系数动态跟踪和评估。通过线性回归及统计发现,通道8辐射响应的年衰减率达到了14.55%,通道9达到了8.42%,通道1、6、10、11、16和19的年衰减率为1.15%—4.72%,其余通道未检测到衰减。研究结果可以用于订正MERSI数据的辐射定标系统性偏差,提高MERSI全寿命期的辐射定标精度。     

2013年“菲特”台风暴雨成因及湿位涡诊断分析

利用常规观测资料、自动站加密资料和多普勒雷达资料对2013年“菲特”台风影响浙江时的暴雨成因进行了分析,结果发现：“菲特”影响时温州、台州地区暴雨主要是由“菲特”台风本体雨带造成,宁波、舟山、湖州及嘉兴地区暴雨则是由“菲特”台风外围环流、弱冷空气和“丹娜丝”形成的偏东气流共同形成。利用NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°每日4次的再分析资料对“菲特”暴雨过程中的物理量场进行诊断分析发现,当垂直运动大值区对应低层θse高能区时一般都有强降水发生,并且与强降水落区有较好的对应性。分析湿位涡的演变特征发现：MPV1负值区和强降水落区有较好的对应关系;MPV2对强降水的预报有一定的指示意义;当负MPV1区域和正MPV2区域或正MPV2边缘区域叠加时,该区将有强降水发生。     

基于结构振动信息的损伤识别研究综述

随着传感技术、信号采集与处理和系统建模等技术的发展,基于结构振动信息的损伤识别已经成为土木工程结构健康监测与损伤检测领域的研究热点。本文系统地综述了近20年来国内外基于振动信息的结构损伤识别的研究和应用现状,评述了各类方法的优缺点,并针对土木工程结构损伤识别的特点,对有待于进一步研究的问题进行了展望。     

新一代天气雷达维护维修软件的设计

介绍了滨州新一代天气雷达维护、维修软件的运行环境和结构,着重介绍了该软件雷达档案、业务文件、日维护、周维护、月维护、年维护、维修记录、查询等模块的主要功能和特点,不但可以方便录入雷达档案、上级业务文件、日常维护与维修的工作记录,遇到故障时还可以在软件里查询相应的处理方法,从而可以大大提高维修效率,缩短维修所用的时间,提高雷达的可用性指标。     

基于实测动冰力时程的海洋平台结构冰振反应分析

冰激平台结构振动是影响渤海石油钻采平台冬季正常生产和安全的主要因素。本文采用实测冰压力时程,对渤海辽东湾北部的ＪＺ２０－２ＭＵＱ平台结构进行了冰振反应分析,计算了不同设计冰厚、不同冰作用方向和标高及平台桩腿有无正倒锥体（一种破冰装置）的结构反应,探讨了正倒锥体对减轻冰力和结构反应的作用,发现了结构冰激振动的一些特征,为在该平台上实施振动控制方案提供了依据     

CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> absorption by alkaline soils and its implication to the global carbon cycle

Motivated by the rapid increase in atmospheric CO₂ due to human activities since the Industrial Revolution, and the climate changes it produced, the world’s concerned scientific community has made a huge effort to investigate the global carbon cycle. However, the results reveal that the global CO₂ budget cannot be balanced, unless a “missing sink” is invoked. Although numerous studies claimed to find the “missing sink”, none of those claims has been widely accepted. This current study showed that alkaline soil on land are absorbing CO₂ at a rate of 0.3–3.0 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ with an inorganic, non-biological process. The intensity of this CO₂ absorption is determined by the salinity, alkalinity, temperature and water content of the saline/alkaline soils, which are widely distributed on land. Further studies revealed that high salinity or alkalinity positively affected the CO₂ absorbing intensity, while high temperature and water content had a negative effect on the CO₂ absorbing intensity of these soils. This inorganic, non-biological process of CO₂ absorption by alkaline soils might have significant implications to the global carbon budget accounting.