Biodiversity and Sequence of the Middle Triassic Panxian Marine Reptile Fauna, Guizhou Province, China

Abstract: The Middle Triassic Panxian fauna is a physical marker and representative record of the rapid recovery of the Triassic marine ecosystem following the Early Triassic stagnant stage after the end-Permian mass extinction. Ten marine reptile taxa have been found from the 1.82–2.10 m-thick fossiliferous level in the Upper Member of the Guanling Formation, which can be subdivided into three marine reptile beds through the analysis on the stratigraphic distributions of fossil reptiles. The Lower Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygians Placodus inexpectatus Jiang et al., 2008 and Lariosaurus hongguoensis Jiang et al., 2006, the ichthyopterygians Xinminosaurus catactes Jiang et al., 2008 and Phalarodon cf. Phalarodon fraasi Merriam, 1910, associated with Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006, representing a stage of predominance of durophagous taxa. In this bed, the large complete skeletons may reach up to 2.3 m in length, and lithofacies and chemostratigraphic analyses indicate a relatively deep carbonate platform with an oxic water environment near the bottom, as well as a rising sea level. The Middle Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygian Nothosaurus yangjuanensis Jiang et al., 2006 and the archosaur Qianosuchus mixtus Li et al., 2006, associated with Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006. The fossils in this bed are characterized by its pincering dentition and large overall body size, with the largest possibly exceeding 3 m in length. This bed might represent a time of deepest basin with relatively anoxic condition near the bottom. The Upper Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygians Wumengosaurus delicatomandibularis Jiang et al., 2008, Keichousaurus sp., the protorosaur Dinocephalosaurus orientalis Li, 2003, and the ichthyopterygian Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006. In this bed, reptilian taxa characterized by suction feeding appeared, and most are less than 1 m long. This bed corresponds to a period of decreasing water depth.     

贵州百花湖麦西河河口后生浮游动物群落结构及与环境因子的关系

为了探明百花湖麦西河后生浮游动物的群落组成及动态特征,于2009年8月至2011年8月对百花湖麦西河河口后生浮游动物进行调查研究.结果表明:百花湖麦西河河口共监测到轮虫29种,丰度为0.16～837.80 ind./L;桡足类浮游动物仅检测到了温中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides)和猛水蚤(Harpacticella sp.)2种,以无节幼体和桡足幼体为主,其丰度为0～642.75 ind./L;枝角类浮游动物9种,丰度为0～31.20 ind./L.后生浮游动物的丰度主要由轮虫和桡足类组成,轮虫丰度比例为4.09%～100%,桡足类丰度比例为0～95.64%.前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta)、卜氏晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna brightwelli)、裂足臂尾轮虫(Brachionus diversicornis)为轮虫类的主要优势种,最高丰度分别达到424.88、392.20和61.99 ind./L;长额象鼻溞(Bosmina longirostris)为枝角类优势种,最高丰度达到27.93 ind./L.轮虫丰度与透明度、总氮、硝态氮呈极显著正相关;枝角类丰度与透明度、硝态氮呈极显著正相关,与温度呈极显著负相关.     

新疆东准噶尔南明水东蚀变岩型金矿床地质特征、控矿因素和找矿标志

在野外地质调查的基础上,对新疆东准噶尔南明东金矿床的矿床地质特征、成因类型、控矿因素、找矿标志以及下一步找矿方向进行了综合研究,认为该矿床为中低温热液蚀变岩型金矿床,受韧-脆性剪切带、地层建造和热液活动的多重控制。矿区地质环境复杂,地表蚀变带规模较大,深部尚未完全控制,具有较好的找矿前景。南明水组的层间断裂、褶皱交汇部位是成矿的有利地段。     

Precipitation seesaw phenomenon and its formation mechanism in the eastern and western parts of Northwest China during the flood season

Extending across three major plateaus,namely the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau and the Loess Plateau,Northwest China has the complex terrain and spatio-temporal climate variations,and is affected by the interactions among different circulation systems,such as the summer monsoon,the westerlies and the plateau monsoon.The understanding of the climate variability,as well as its characteristics and evolution mechanisms in this area has been limited so far.In this paper,the precipitation characteristics and mechanisms in the eastern and western parts of Northwest China during the flood season are compared and analyzed based on the data from 192 national meteorological observational sites in Northwest China in 1961-2016.The results show that,divided by the northern boundary of the East Asian summer monsoon,there are huge differences in the precipitation variation characteristics between the eastern and western parts.The inter-annual variations,interdecadal variations and total trends in the two parts all show a significant seesaw phenomenon.Moreover,it is found that the seesaw phenomenon of precipitation variation is closely related to the opposite variation between the East Asian summer monsoon index(MI) and the westerly circulation index(WI).In addition,the inverse variations on different time scales are only related to the contributions of precipitation at specific grades.Besides,in the two matching patterns of precipitation in the seesaw phenomenon,the middle and high latitudes are occupied by the "high-low-high" wave trains in the precipitation increases in the east of Northwest China(ENWC) and decreases in the west of Northwest China(WNWC) pattern,meaning precipitation increases in ENWC and decreases in WNWC.Whereas the opposite "low-high-low" wave trains at 500 hPa height are observed in the middle and high latitudes in the WH-EA pattern at 500 hPa height,meaning precipitation increases in WNWC and decreases in ENWC.Thus,the atmosphere circulation situation with two wave train types can support both the precipitation seesaw phenomenon and the opposite variation between MI and WI.Moreover,the seesaw phenomenon is shown to be related to the separate or joint effects of the South Asian High,ENSO and the plateau heating on the common but opposite effect on the summer monsoon and the westerlies,in which the South Asian High probably plays a more critical role.This study could deepen the scientific understanding of precipitation mechanisms and improve the weather forecast technology in Northwest China during the flood season.     

1997年9月三水地震震相特征与发震构造

１９９７年９月广东省三水市发生的ＭＬ３．７、４．４级地震因震中烈度比同等震级的其它震例偏高许多,而且多个台站均记录到长周期振动规则的正弦形面波而特别引人注目。精确测定了这组地震的震源位置,得到震源深度约等于１ｋｍ;对比分析了震相记录特征、震区周围的历史地震活动及地质构造背景,认为这是一组罕见的低震级高烈度震例,其发生可能与震中附近的Ｆ７断层活动有关。     

祁连山自然保护区煤矿修复区地表节肢动物分布特征及其影响因素

恢复人工植被是祁连山自然保护区矿区废弃地修复的主要手段,经过近5年的修复,矿区废弃地修复区地上植被盖度明显提高,但关于作为评价土壤修复效果重要指标的土壤动物群落变化的认识还很有限。以祁连山自然保护区典型煤矿废弃地为研究对象,采用野外调查的方法对比研究了煤矿修复区和毗邻区（原始地貌）大型土壤动物分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）修复区植物丰富度、生物量、盖度及土壤粗砂、有机质、全氮含量均显著低于毗邻区（P<0.05）,而土壤水分、细砂、黏粉粒、全钾和全磷含量差异不显著（P>0.05）。（2）修复区土壤动物活动密度和多样性均显著高于毗邻区,修复区和毗邻区土壤动物均以蝗科（12.7%和55.7%）和蚁科（14.4%和49.6%）为主;进房沟、水磨沟和柳树沟煤矿修复区及毗邻区土壤动物群落相似性分别为39.9%、52.9%和43.4%。（3）土壤有机质含量是影响煤矿修复区和对照区捕食性土壤动物群落变化的主要因子,而草本物种数和土壤粗砂含量是影响植食性土壤动物群落变化的主要因子。总之,人工修复后煤矿废弃地修复区土壤动物个体数均高于对照区,部分矿区修复生境类群丰富度及多样性已经超过了毗邻区,这表明蚂蚁、步甲和蝗虫等地表节肢动物对煤矿矿区覆土恢复植被和封禁等措施驱动的植被和土壤环境变化响应敏感。因此,还需要优化植被及土壤修复模式,提高土壤动物多样性及多功能性,使矿区废弃地生态环境能够得到快速修复。     

土壤氡浓度日变化影响因素研究

地表壤氡可以反映地下深部的水文、地质、矿产、热源等信息,但土壤氡浓度有年变和日变的特点。为了研究土壤氡浓度日变化规律及其影响因素,采用α能谱测氡仪对土壤氡进行连续测量。结果表明:土壤氡浓度呈单峰型日变化特征,最大值出现在19:00~22:00,最小值出现在11:00~14:00,土壤温度是影响土壤氡浓度的关键因子,土壤氡浓度与土壤温度呈正相关。降雨对土壤氡浓度有显著的影响,降雨后土壤氡浓度出现双峰型日变化特征,其变化与土壤湿度和空气温度等气象因素有关。     

基于多尺度资料的体系域划分及其意义——以渤海海域沙垒田凸起东南部东二段为例

不同体系域砂体分布和成藏特征存在明显的差别,正确划分体系域对于油气勘探,特别是隐蔽油气藏勘探具有重要意义。相对于海相地层,由于陆相层序本身的复杂性,并不发育明显的坡折带,在进行体系域划分时,不同学者有不同的划分方案,无论在井上还是地震上很难把握各体系域界面的位置。针对这个问题,结合渤海海域沙垒田凸起东南部东二段体系域划分,提出利用多种不同尺度资料层层控制来划分低位域、湖泛域和高位域的思路方法。这种从尺度较大资料到较小尺度资料层层控制来划分体系域的思路方法,可以避免直接从井上来进行划分导致的错误结论,同时相对湖平面变化曲线法的引用,向建立渤海东营组层序划分的标准迈向了坚实一步。     

雷电监测预警预报技术简述

从监测、预警和预报3个方面介绍了雷电研究的技术方法,目前国内外最新面向业务应用的研究表明:不同技术共存的多源化观测设备,有效地提高了雷电探测效率;以天气形势分型为主的雷电潜势预报,其预报结果具有很大的不确定性,且其预报精细化程度不够,引入适合本地的物理量参数实现对其结果校准,可以有效地提高雷电潜势预报的准确率;随着数值模式预报向全球化、精细化的发展,基于数值模式的雷电潜势预报是未来的一个重点发展方向;建立在多种高观测频次资料融合和有效外推基础上的临近预报,可提高雷电活动预警预报的准确性,大幅提高雷电预警的提前时间。