Subglacial Meltwater Recharge in the Dongkemadi River Basin,Yangtze River Source Region

Glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau play an important role in the local hydrological cycle. However, there are only few studies on groundwater in the alpine basins in the Tibetan Plateau which considered the effects of glaciers. Glaciers are extensively distributed in the Dongkemadi River Basin, which is a representative alpine basin in the Yangtze River source region. This study focuses on building a numerical groundwater flow model with glaciations using HydroGeoSphere (HGS) to simulate subglacial meltwater recharge to groundwater in the Dongkemadi River Basin in response to future climate changes. Effects of hydraulic conductivity, precipitation, and temperature on subglacial meltwater recharge to groundwater were discussed. Glacier changes in the future 50 years were predicted under different climate change scenarios. Results show that: (1) the average thickness of the glacier will change significantly; (2) the simulated rate of annual mean subglacial meltwater recharge to groundwater is 4.58 mm, which accounts for 6.33% of total groundwater recharge; and (3) hydraulic conductivity has the largest influence on subglacial meltwater recharge to groundwater, followed by temperature and precipitation. Results of this study are also important to sustainable water resource usage in the Yangtze River source region.     

BeiDou、Galileo、GLONASS、GPS多系统融合精密单点

随着中国BeiDou系统与欧盟Galileo系统的出现以及俄罗斯GLONASS系统的恢复完善,过去单一的GPS导航卫星系统时代已经逐步过渡为多系统并存且相互兼容的全球性卫星导航系统(multi-constellation global navigation satellite systems,multi-GNSS)时代,多系统GNSS融合精密定位将成为未来GNSS精密定位技术的发展趋势。本文采用GPS、GLONASS、BeiDou、Galileo 4大卫星导航定位系统融合的精密单点定位(precise point positioning,PPP)实测数据,初步研究并分析了4系统融合PPP的定位性能。试验结果表明:在单系统观测几何构型不理想的区域,多系统融合能显著提高PPP的定位精度和收敛速度。4大系统融合的PPP收敛速度相对于单GNSS可提高30%~50%,定位精度可提高10%~30%,特别是对高程方向的贡献更为明显。此外,在卫星截止高度角大于30°的观测环境下,单系统由于可见卫星数不足导致无法连续定位,而多系统融合仍然可以获得PPP定位结果,尤其是水平方向具有较高的定位精度。这对于山区、城市以及遮挡严重的区域具有非常重要的应用价值。     

Solar cycle distribution of strong solar proton events and the related solar-terrestrial phenomena

We investigated the solar cycle distribution of strong solar proton events (SPEs, peak flux ≥1000 pfu) and the solar-terrestrial phenomena associated with the strong SPEs during solar cycles 21–23. The results show that 37 strong SPEs were registered over this period of time, where 20 strong SPEs were originated from the super active regions (SARs) and 28 strong SPEs were accompanied by the X-class flares. Most strong SPEs were not associated with the ground level enhancement (GLE) event. Most strong SPEs occurred in the descending phases of the solar cycles. The weaker the solar cycle, the higher the proportion of strong SPES occurred in the descending phase of the cycle. The number of the strong SPEs that occurred within a solar cycle is poorly associated with the solar cycle size. The intensity of the SPEs is highly dependent of the location of their source regions, with the super SPEs (≥20000 pfu) distributed around solar disk center. A super SPE was always accompanied by a fast shock driven by the associated coronal mass ejection and a great geomagnetic storm. The source location of strongest GLE event is distributed in the well-connected region. The SPEs associated with super GLE events (peak increase rate ≥100%) which have their peak flux much lower than 10000 pfu were not accompanied by an intense geomagnetic storm.     

GPS精密钟差内插方法研究

GPS钟差的计算,可以通过精密星历内插所得。将IGS提供的15min精密星历内插到5min,其中分别用拉格朗日多项式、切比雪夫多项式法来进行内插,根据两种插值多项式分别比较分析在不同阶数情况下内插的精度。详细介绍了拉格朗日多项式、切比雪夫多项式插值法的基本原理,通过算例得出了拉格朗日与切比雪夫的拟合精度都可以满足精密定位需要,且切比雪夫插值的精度更高。     

沙丘不同部位土壤呼吸对人工降水的响应

 利用LI-8100土壤呼吸测量仪,对古尔班通古特沙漠南缘阜康北部地区沙丘不同部位（坡底、坡中、坡顶）的土壤呼吸速率进行了测量,探讨了沙丘不同部位土壤呼吸速率对降雨的响应,分析了土壤水分和土壤温度对土壤呼吸速率的影响。结果表明:①沙丘不同部位土壤呼吸速率的日变化呈“双峰曲线”,而增雨处理后,土壤呼吸速率的日变化曲线大部分转变为“单峰曲线”。②增雨处理增加了沙丘不同部位土壤呼吸速率的变化幅度、平均值和极差,推后了土壤呼吸速率最大值到来的时间。③土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度的相关性对降雨表现出积极的响应,降雨改变了土壤温度的日变化曲线类型,提高了土壤温度与土壤呼吸速率的相关系数。④非增雨处理时,沙丘坡底、坡中和坡顶的土壤呼吸速率与土壤水分的相关性系数均较高,而增雨处理后,土壤呼吸速率与土壤水分的相关系数有所下降,仅坡中的相关系数通过了α=0.01的显著性检验。     

有限空间中三维壁面紊动射流流动特性试验研究

为了研究三维壁面紊动射流前方布置的垂直挡板对时均流动特性的影响,采用粒子图像测速技术对不同雷诺数和淹没水深条件下的流速场进行了测量,统计分析了U速度剖面分布、速度半宽值变化和最大速度衰减规律。结果表明:沿射流方向具有3个明显不同的衰减区,依次划分为自由边界下的三维壁面射流区（Ⅰ区）、垂直挡板影响区（Ⅱ区）和近壁区（Ⅲ区）。在重点分析的Ⅱ区内,3个特征物理量的分布规律均与雷诺数无关;在垂直挡板影响下,速度半宽值扩展率明显加快,发展更为充分;在水深H~1.75H范围内,射孔中垂面内速度半宽值扩展率为0.043,同时0.5H的递增对射孔中心水平面内速度半宽值的分布较为敏感,其扩展率由0.205增至0.270;最大速度衰减对水深的改变并不敏感,且在Ⅱ区加速衰减,衰减指数为1.095。通过与半无限空间中三维壁面射流径向型衰减区的流动特征比较,Ⅱ区与之相似,将Ⅱ区视为提前进入径向型衰减区。     

基于FLUS-UGB的县域土地利用模拟及城镇开发边界划定研究

当前城镇开发边界的制定与已有基本农田和生态保护红线存在较大的龃龉,在新的国土空间规划体系下,需要科学划定县域合理的城镇开发边界以实现国土空间的可持续开发利用。对此,本文提出了基于三线协调和FLUS-UGB的城镇增长边界划定方法,以江苏省丰县为研究案例,在对其2011—2017年土地利用进行模拟和验证的基础上预测了至2035年的多情景土地利用变化,结合耕地保护与生态控制背景,最终确定城镇增长边界。结果表明：① 2017年丰县土地利用模拟的总体精度达到94.7%,Kappa系数为0.895,模拟精度较高。② 基准情景下,城镇用地呈现“摊大饼”的空间扩张趋势。在耕地保护与生态控制背景下,城镇呈“放射式”向外有序扩张。③ 预测2035年丰县城镇用地开发边界面积为80.29 km²,2017—2035年共17年增长幅度达到69.07%。明确划分城镇开发边界能够有效避免城镇用地对永久基本农田和重要生态用地的侵占,从而实现城镇扩张、永久基本农田和重要生态用地保护三者之间的良好空间协调。     

Analysis of geometry-free residuals in case of traveling ionosphere disturbances and their impact cycle slip detection

GPS Solutions - We discuss the impact of a traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID) on cycle slip detection for the geometry-free (GF) combination. Based on the GF combination algorithm, we deduce...     

GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位研究

讨论了GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位的数学模型,并以IRKJ跟踪站的观测数据为例,分别利用GPS和GPS/GLONASS组合两种方式进行精密单点定位解算。计算结果表明,当GPS观测卫星数较多(9~10颗)时,组合GPS/GLONASS较单系统GPS的精密单点定位精度及收敛速度有一定改善,但效果不明显。当GPS卫星数较少(4~5颗)时,引入GLONASS卫星进行GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位,其定位精度及收敛速度较单系统GPS精密单点均有显著改善。     

Magnetic Field Feedback Circuit for Geomagnetic Field Compensation Control

In the current state of geomagnetic instrument testing, some aspects of geomagnetic instrument performance are difficult to test in the laboratory. If laboratory test results are inadequate, the instrument will have multiple problems while operating in the field, where a geomagnetic instrumentation test platform with a stable natural magnetic field is critical. Here, the magnetic field feedback circuit for geomagnetic field compensation control is studied in detail. That is, the magnetic field measured by the feedback magnetic sensor and the required working magnetic field are compared as input to the system, and the electric signal is transmitted to the feedback coil through an analog circuit to form a closed loop control, which provides compensation to control the magnetic field. Compared with the existing magnetic shielding method, the analog control circuit can achieve the realization of any working magnetic field, and it is not limited to a null magnetic field. The experimental result shows that the system compensates the earth''s magnetic field of 10,000nT with an average error of 10.6nT and average compensation error of 0.106%, providing a high compensation accuracy. The system also shows high sensitivity and excellent stability. The feedback circuit has achieved effective compensation control for the earth''s magnetic field.