从DNA角度认识中国黄牛的起源和利用历史

中国黄牛的起源及驯化一直是遗传学家和考古学家共同关注的热点问题.中国拥有丰富的牛种资源,仅中国地方黄牛品种就多达55个,境内及周边还分布着能与黄牛杂交的近缘野牛,这导致中国黄牛的遗传背景和形成历史非常复杂.利用DNA可以解析中国黄牛的起源和利用历史,通过Y染色体、线粒体和核基因组遗传标记已经从父系遗传、母系遗传和基因组...     

基于反馈线性化的多变量模糊迭代控制器设计

针对一类多变量非线性控制对象的轨迹跟踪问题,设计一种模糊迭代学习控制器,利用模糊控制器动态调节迭代学习律增益矩阵参数,通过反馈线性化算法和信息融合技术降低模糊控制器输入变量维数,实现多变量非线性系统轨迹跟踪控制.结果表明:与固定增益型迭代学习控制器相比,采用模糊迭代学习控制器学习速度提高,控制稳定性改善,两自由度机械臂的轨迹跟踪控制仿真结果也验证模糊迭代学习控制器的优越性.     

Applications of immuno-magnetic bead and immunofluorescent flow cytometric techniques for the quantitative detection of HAB microalgae

Overthelastseveraldecades,harmfulalgalblooms(HABs)havebecomeaseriousenvironmental problem in many parts of the world. A rapid and accurate detection process for HAB algae has yet to be developed. Heterosigma akashiwo is one of the most important HABs species in China. The objective of this study was to develop an immunologic technique that can rapidly and sensitively count H. akashiwo cells. Five HABs species (Alexandrium catenella, Thalassiosira sp., Cryptomonas sp., Alexandrium tamarense and Symbiodinium sp.,) were used in this study to evaluate the analysis process we developed. A polyclonal antibody with high titers against H. akashiwo was obtained by injecting H. akashiwo cells into rabbits. Immuno-magnetic beads (IMB) were produced via conjugated polyclonal antibodies with magnetic beads and applied to isolate and count H. akashiwo cells from the culture. Results show that 66.7%-91.6% of the cells were captured from unialgal culture by IMBs, and only 5.3%-12.5% of the four other HAB microalgae species were captured, indicating that the constructed IMBs combined specifically with the H. akashiwo cells. At the same time, flow cytometry (FCM) sorting was exploited to screen H. akashiwo cells after labeling with FITC conjugated polyclonal antibodies. Using the FCM technique, 91.7% of the targeted cells were sorted out from mixed microalgae samples in just a few minutes. These results indicate that both antibody-involved IMB and antibody-based FCM techniques are highly effective at detecting and quantifying HAB species. These techniques, especially immuno-magnetic separation, have low associated cost, and are fast and simple processes compared with other techniques currently in use.     

基于Oralce Spatial的综合管线数据库设计

在分析了原有地下管线数据存储方法的不足以及使用Oracle Spatial存储地理数据的优点的基础上,提出了基于Oralce Spatial的地下综合管线数据库的设计模型,并针对在Spatial中保存地图符号属性的不足,提出了改进方法。     

Determination of the optimized single-layer ionospheric height for electron content measurements over China

The ionosphere effective height (IEH) is a very important parameter in total electron content (TEC) measurements under the widely used single-layer model assumption. To overcome the requirement of a large amount of simultaneous vertical and slant ionospheric observations or dense “coinciding” pierce points data, a new approach comparing the converted vertical TEC (VTEC) value using mapping function based on a given IEH with the “ground truth” VTEC value provided by the combined International GNSS Service Global Ionospheric Maps is proposed for the determination of the optimal IEH. The optimal IEH in the Chinese region is determined using three different methods based on GNSS data. Based on the ionosonde data from three different locations in China, the altitude variation of the peak electron density (hmF2) is found to have clear diurnal, seasonal and latitudinal dependences, and the diurnal variation of hmF2 varies from approximately 210 to 520 km in Hainan. The determination of the optimal IEH employing the inverse method suggested by Birch et al. (Radio Sci 37, 2002. doi: 10.1029/2000rs002601) did not yield a consistent altitude in the Chinese region. Tests of the method minimizing the mapping function errors suggested by Nava et al. (Adv Space Res 39:1292–1297, 2007) indicate that the optimal IEH ranges from 400 to 600 km, and the height of 450 km is the most frequent IEH at both high and low solar activities. It is also confirmed that the IEH of 450–550 km is preferred for the Chinese region instead of the commonly adopted 350–450 km using the determination method of the optimal IEH proposed in this paper.     

全球实时电离层模型精度分析——以CAS、CNES、NRCan及UPC产品为例

分析中国科学院（CAS）、法国国家空间研究中心（CNES）、加拿大自然资源部大地测量局（NRCan）和加泰罗尼亚理工大学（UPC）2021-01～08的全球实时电离层格网(RT-GIM)产品的精度。结果表明：1）以IGS事后全球电离层格网（GIM）为参考,CAS、CNES、NRCan和UPC产品的RMS分别为3.93 TECu、4.01 TECu、4.50 TECu和3.86 TECu;2）以基准站dSTEC为参考,CAS、CNES、NRCan和UPC产品的STD分别为4.42 TECu、4.40 TECu、4.96 TECu和4.42 TECu。在全球范围内选取21个测站进行连续7 d的定位测试,以高程方向残差95%分位数统计不同实时电离层产品的定位增益。相比于广播电离层模型的定位结果,CAS、CNES、NRCan和UPC产品在北半球高程方向的定位精度分别提升11.9%、18.3%、3.4%和15.5%。     

Flow of top coal and roof rock and loss of top coal in fully mechanized top coal caving mining of extra thick coal seams

This study investigates the flow and caving characteristics of top coal and roof rock, as well as top coal loss pattern in the fully mechanized top coal caving mining of extra thick coal seams. The two dimensional discrete element numerical simulation software program, particle flow code (PFC), is used for the simulation of top coal caving and the inversion analysis. The original locations, distribution, and migration pattern of caved top coal and lost coal were obtained. The analysis shows that in the initial site of caving, the caved bodies are in the form of arc shaped strips in front of the working face. During the caving, caved bodies of different heights move towards the lower rear of the face at different speeds. The lost coal and caved roof rock are originally located at the interface between coal seam and roof, the lost coal is mainly distributed in the goaf on the floor. Behind the support, the caved top coal bodies originally are arc shaped strips, with the highest points located at the midline of the caving opening. The strips are more curved near the goaf than those near the support. During top coal caving, the strips successively cave, with the adjacent outer strip replacing the caved one. The variations of top coal loss and waste rock ratio with time reflect the different phases of top coal caving. In order to improve coal recovery and limit the amount of caved roof rock, the waste rock ratio should be controlled below 10 %. When the waste rock ratio reaches this value, the caving opening should be closed. This paper provides theoretical bases for the improvement of top coal recovery in the fully mechanized top coal caving mining of extra thick coal seams.     

云南洱海桃溪河口净化工程的设计思路及初步净化效果

以太湖上游西苕溪流域为研究对象,通过分布式水文模型HEC-HMS模拟次降雨洪水过程:采用可视化数据存储系统HEC-DSS建立水文气象数据库,利用Geodatabase地理数据库技术集成流域自然属性数据库,通过距离平方倒数法对雨量数据进行空间插值,SCS曲线数法计算水文损失,运动波法计算直接径流与河道洪水演进,选用基流指数退水法模拟流域基流,并对模型中水库模拟部分进行适当修正.经模型校验,模拟结果表明,计算流量与观测流量拟合较好,效率系数大于0.8,洪峰流量误差低于4%,峰现时间误差低于2 h,该模型在土地利用变化对洪水水文要素的影响研究方面有较好的应用前景.     

新型自复位变摩擦阻尼器试验研究

目前阻尼器运用广泛,但传统摩擦阻尼器无法适应不同的振动强度,且在地震作用后损坏严重,没有自复位功能。文章利用形状记忆合金的超弹性,提出一种新型的自复位变摩擦阻尼器,介绍了阻尼器的构造、基本工作原理并推导了其力学模型,之后对阻尼器进行了力学试验。得到如下结论：该阻尼器不仅能在不同等级地震作用下满足耗能要求,还具有良好的自复位能力;力学试验得到的滞回曲线与理论推导的力学模型吻合较好,印证了力学模型的正确性;该阻尼器耗能能力随着合金丝直径、螺栓预紧力和坡面坡度的增大而增强;残余位移随着合金丝直径和坡面坡度增大而减小、随着预紧力增大而增大。