多时相遥感影像的变化监测方法研究

多时相遥感影像图变化监测已经在国民经济及国防建设领域得到了广泛应用。通过分析同一地域不同时相的遥感图像变化监测提供地物发生变化的信息,对资源环境数据进行更新及利用。论文围绕变化监测中的一些关键理论方法进行了研究。     

基于RS,GIS技术下的震后唐家山堰塞湖景观生态格局研究

对汶川大地震后北川县唐家山堰塞湖区域的地形地貌、土地质量、植被覆盖、工程建设及生态环境等基本情况进行详细调研,运用RS,GIS等技术结合景观格局指数分析法,对唐家山堰塞湖区域的整体景观生态格局指标进行研究,分析唐家山堰塞湖区域内斑块和廊道等景观格局因子的变化数据,总结区域内景观生态格局的各类特征,为地震灾区生态修复及环境破坏评价提供参考.     

基于WebGIS的浙江省天然气调控应急保障气象服务系统

随着浙江省天然气供应规模的逐步扩大,应用领域的不断拓展,用WebGIS对天然气管线进行管理更显其优势。气象条件的变化与天然气供需有着密切的联系,本文基于WebGIS建立了浙江省天然气调控应急保障气象服务系统。对天然气管网数据进行了整理,并结合气象数据进行了分析和统一存储及管理。系统采用B／S架构,实现了天然气管道沿线实况监测、沿线天气预报、沿线气象历史资料查询、管网负荷预测、地图管理和操作、系统管理和维护等功能。探索了气象条件对燃气负荷的影响规律,能及时查询天然气沿线的天气实况和预报,为天然气调控应急保障提供了直观的气象服务和数据保障。     

The lower limit of the Doppler factor for a Fermi blazar sample

We selected 457 blazars(193 flat spectrum radio quasars, 61 lowsynchrotron peaked blazars, 69 intermediate-synchrotron peaked blazars and 134high-synchrotron peaked blazars) from the second Fermi-LAT catalog(2FGL) of γ-ray sources, which have X-ray observations. We calculated the lower limits for their Doppler factors, δγ, and compared the lower limits with the available Doppler factors and the apparent superluminal velocities in the literature.     

基于周期项参数模型的GPS流动观测改正方法研究

利用GPS流动观测站200 km范围内站点的连续观测时间序列提高GPS流动观测的定位精度,探讨GPS流动观测结果的可靠性。结果表明：1）流动观测站点速度测量值与连续观测结果差值标准差在改正后平均减小37.97%;2）TAIN、CASH两个站点的同址观测实测值改正后偏离值平均减小38.9%。     

地理图斑智能计算及模式挖掘方法研究

在大数据时代,高分辨率对地观测技术实现了对地球表层地理现象和地理过程最为真实、量化、全面覆盖又快速更新的数据化记录,可为地理空间认知研究的新发展奠定时空信息聚合与挖掘计算的基准。地理图斑是影像空间映射到地理空间中对于地理实体的抽象化表达,是构建地理场景和承载地理空间各类信息进而开展模式挖掘的最小单元。本文以地理图斑为基本对象,通过分析其中视觉模拟、符号推测等几类机器学习的协同计算机制,从空间、时间与属性等维度构建了集“分区分层感知”、“时空协同反演”、“多粒度决策”三者于一体的地理图斑智能计算模型,并以在贵州息烽县、广西江州区开展的农业种植结构制图与规划决策为应用案例,探索了地理图斑分布、生长以及功能3种模式的挖掘方法,并进一步设计了动态视角下开展图斑动力模式挖掘的研究思路。     

城市用地功能精细化识别方法：时序动态图嵌入深度学习模型

多源大数据融合背景下的城市功能区识别是复杂非线性系统的模式识别问题,如何有效地从大规模的轨迹数据中提取出多粒度连续性时变和多尺度空间相互作用的信息是进行城市区域功能识别的关键。本研究设计实现了一种基于时序动态图嵌入的深度学习模型,在融合滴滴出行及兴趣点数据（Point of Interest, POI）基础上,提取城市区域存在的时间和空间上的隐式特征,结合聚类分析实现城市用地功能的语义识别。结果表明,成都市中心的用地功能趋向复合多样化的发展,且用地属性随时间发生作用范围和用地类型的变化,呈现出功能随着城市群体活动而变化的时空规律。与相关文献的对比实验表明,本文提出方法在更细粒度的时间段下进行功能区识别,得到的同一类功能区域内集聚度更高,能够更好的捕获复合型区域在不同时间模式下呈现出的用地功能变化。本研究为城市用地功能识别研究提供了新的技术方法,为城市规划研究人员全面理解城区结构属性提供了有效手段,对推动城市空间得到更合理高效的利用具有一定的价值。     

A unified linear theory of wavelike perturbations under general ocean conditions

A linearized instability analysis model with five unknowns was proposed to describe disturbance motions under general oceanic background conditions, including large-scale current shear, density stratification, frontal zone, and arbitrary topography. A unified linear theory of wavelike perturbations for surface gravity waves, internal gravity waves and inertial gravity waves was derived for the adiabatic case, and the solution was then found using Fourier integrals. In this theory, we discarded the assumptions widely accepted in the literature concerning derivations of wave motions such as the irrotationality assumption for surface gravity waves, the rigid-lid approximation for internal gravity waves, and the long-wave approximation for inertial gravity waves. Analytical solutions based on this theory indicate that the complex dispersion relationships between frequency and wave-number describing the propagation and development of the three types of wavelike perturbation motions include three components: complex dispersion relationships at the sea surface; vertical invariance of the complex frequency; and expressions of the vertical wave-number (phase). Classical results of both surface waves and internal waves were reproduced from the unified theory under idealized conditions. The unified wave theory can be applied in the dynamical explanation of the generation and propagation properties of internal waves that are visible in the satellite SAR images in the southern part of the China Seas. It can also serve as the theoretical basis for both a numerical internal-wave model and analytical estimation of the ocean fluxes transported by wavelike perturbations.     

Quantifying the effects of climate variability and human activities on runoff from the Laohahe basin in northern China using three different methods

Much attention has recently been focused on the effects that climate variability and human activities have had on runoff. In this study, these effects are quantified using three methods, namely, multi‐regression, hydrologic sensitivity analysis, and hydrologic model simulation. A conceptual framework is defined to separate the effects. As an example, the change in annual runoff from the semiarid Laohahe basin (18 112 km²) in northern China was investigated. Non‐parametric Mann‐Kendall test, Pettitt test, and precipitation‐runoff double cumulative curve method were adopted to identify the trends and change‐points in the annual runoff from 1964 to 2008 by first dividing the long‐term runoff series into a natural period (1964–1979) and a human‐induced period (1980–2008). Then the three quantifying methods were calibrated and calculated, and they provided consistent estimates of the percentage change in mean annual runoff for the human‐induced period. In 1980–2008, human activities were the main factors that reduced runoff with contributions of 89–93%, while the reduction percentages due to changes in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration only ranged from 7 to 11%. For the various effects at different durations, human activities were the main reasons runoff decreased during the two drier periods of 1980–1989 and 2000–2008. Increased runoff during the wetter period of 1990–1999 is mainly attributed to climate variability. This study quantitatively separates the effects of climate variability and human activities on runoff, which can serve as a reference for regional water resources assessment and management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.