1993年5月日面AR7500中暗条的动力学特征

本文利用光球磁场、色球Hα单色像和Hβ速度场等观测资料，分析了1993年5月日面AR7500中3个暗条的演化和动力学行为，得出4个结论(1)3个暗条中两个是右旋暗条，一个是左旋暗条。(2)暗条附近两侧的色球纤维和光球横场几乎平行于暗条长轴，暗条端点处的黑子没有呈现明显的涡旋结构。(3)尖角处因为轴向场取向不同，一直没有发生暗条合并，即使其中一个右旋暗条消失后又重新形成也如此。(4)几天持续存在的左旋暗条，在两天的观测中未出现扰动激活，其中部为杂乱而不明显的运动图案。本文还讨论了可以用暗条的扭曲磁流绳模型来解释暗条的这些动力学行为，以及一些尚待进一步澄清的问题。     

三江平原气温降水变化分析——以建三江垦区为例

气温及降水与人类生产生活密切联系,其变化必然会对生态系统和社会经济等产生重大影响。利用三江平原建三江垦区15个农场气象站1965～2002年气温和降水资料,运用气候趋势系数和一元回归分析法进行气候变化分析。结果表明:近40年来本区气温呈显著上升趋势,平均气温以0.50℃/10a幅度升高,不同季节平均气温均呈上升趋势,且冬季增幅最大,达0.82℃/10a。气温升高存在显著的区域差异,最大的增温中心位于南部边缘,气温倾向率大于0.60℃/10a。降水趋势性变化不显著,但仍呈弱减少趋势,年降水量倾向率为-1.90mm/10a,四季降水量以秋季减少最为显著。在此基础上进行气候突变分析,结果表明气温突变出现在1987年,降水突变出现在1980年和1997年,但降水突变不明显。研究三江平原建三江垦区的气候变化对于保障区域粮食安全具有重要的指导意义。     

基于解析梯度的近地小天体探测机会搜索问题研究木

研究近地小天体的探测机会搜索问题．针对交会型探测任务,通过结合变分理论和状态转移矩阵推导了性能指标关于可调参数的解析偏导数,然后在搜索空间中随机生成初始点,并从这些初始点出发利用解析偏导数寻优,从而得到搜索空间内对应潜在发射机会的全部局部极小值点．此方法既在一定程度上保持了传统搜索方法全局搜索的特点,又克服了传统搜索方法的盲目性,因此计算速度获得很大提高．此外该方法可以对探测机会的搜索精度进行有效地控制．     

基于解析梯度的近地小天体探测机会搜索问题研究

研究近地小天体的探测机会搜索问题.针对交会型探测任务,通过结合变分理论和状态转移矩阵推导了性能指标关于可调参数的解析偏导数,然后在搜索空间中随机生成初始点,并从这些初始点出发利用解析偏导数寻优,从而得到搜索空间内对应潜在发射机会的全部局部极小值点.此方法既在一定程度上保持了传统搜索方法全局搜索的特点,又克服了传统搜索方法的盲目性,因此计算速度获得很大提高.此外该方法可以对探测机会的搜索精度进行有效地控制.     

Heavy Oils and Oil Sands: Global Distribution and Resource Assessment

Gl obal recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands have been assessed by CNPC using a geology-based assessment method combined with the traditional volumetric method, spatial interpolation method, parametric-probability method etc. The most favourable areas for exploration have been selected in accordance with a comprehensive scoring system. The results show: (1) For geological resources, CNPC estimate 991.18 billion tonnes of heavy oil and 501.26 billion tonnes of oil sands globally, of which technically recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands comprise 126.74 billion tonnes and 64.13 billion tonnes respectively. More than 80% of the resources occur within Tertiary and Cretaceous reservoirs distributed across 69 heavy-oil basins and 32 oil-sands basins. 99% of recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands occur within foreland basins, passive continental-margin basins and cratonic basins. (2) Since residual hydrocarbon resources remain following large-scale hydrocarbon migration and destruction, heavy oil and oil sands are characterized most commonly by late hydrocarbon accumulation, the same basin types and source-reservoir conditions as for conventional hydrocarbon resources, shallow burial depth and stratabound reservoirs. (3) Three accumulation models are recognised, depending on basin type: degradation along slope; destruction by uplift; and migration along faults. (4) In addition to mature exploration regions such as Canada and Venezuela, the Volga-Ural Basin and the Pre-Caspian Basin are less well-explored and have good potential for oil-sand discoveries, and it is predicted that the Middle East will be an important region for heavy-oil development.     

Geochronology and Chemistry of the Ophiolite in the Southern Tianshan,Uzbekistan

The ophiolite in the southern Tianshan, Uzbekistan, is interrupted distributed along the northern border (NW‐trending) of the Nuratau Mountain. It's the suture zone between kyzylkum‐Alai and Kazakhstan paleo‐continents. In order to study the tectonic evolution of the Turkestan ocean during the Paleozoic, we present zircon U‐Pb ages, major element, trace element data for rocks from the ophiolite in the Nuratau segment. The ophiolite comprises the rock blocks of serpentinite, altered basalt, allalinite, altered diabase, pillowed basalt, limestone, etc and the matrix of quartz schist, forming the grid structure. The matrix suffers strong deformation and deterioration, while the mylonitization occurred in the western outcrop. New LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U‐Pb ages were determined for six magmatic rock blocks and two quartz schist matrix and these ages confirm the presence of Late Devonian‐Early Permian (ca. 411 to 294 Ma). Five zircon grains from greenschist facies metamorphic basic rock yielded a group minimum weighted mean age of 226 Ma, interpreted as the result of Late Triassic thermal event. The apex of zircon ages for 2 quartz schist is about 450 Ma (Late Ordovician). That indicates sedimentary material from the Late Ordovician. The basalt (SiO2=48.15‐49.93%) are Na‐enriched (average Na2O=2.32‐4.02%), with high HREE/LREE ratios (average=4.93), Weak positive anomalies (average Eu*/Eu=1.02) and convex‐type mantle‐normalized immobile trace elements patterns, which are similar to the geochemical characteristics of Alkaline Ocean island basalt (OIB) and subalkaline Oceanic plateau basalt (OPB). This ophiolite is characterized by Mantle (serpentinite) and Ocean crust (altered basalt, allalinite, pillowed basalt), formed in Early Devonian at the latest. During the evolution of the Turkestan ocean, the growth of OIB and OPB, Ordovician provided a large amount of sedimentary material. The earliest start time of the ocean closed and paleo‐continents assembly is the Early Permian. Afterward, a Late Triassic thermal event occurred on a region scale and is recorded by metamorphic zircon.     

LA-ICP-MS标准锆石原位微区U-Pb定年及微量元素的分析测定

利用长安大学成矿作用及其动力学实验室Agilent 7700X四极杆等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和Photo Machines Analyte Excite 193nm激光,在激光频率为5Hz,束斑直径为35μm条件下,对91500、GJ-1、Ple?ovice和Qinghu 4个标准锆石进行了原位微区U-Pb同位素和微量元素测定。结果显示,91500标准锆石20个测试点的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄范围为1059~1070Ma,~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为1063.8±6.6Ma;GJ-1标准锆石28个测试点的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄范围为601~610Ma,~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为605.4±3.0Ma;Ple?ovice标准锆石28个测试点的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄范围为336~341Ma,~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为338.8±1.4Ma;Qinghu标准锆石40个测试点的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄范围为158~165Ma,~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为159.9±0.7Ma。上述结果表明,91500、GJ-1、Ple?ovice和Qinghu 4个标准锆石的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄都在误差范围内,且年龄加权平均值与前人报道的年龄在误差范围内一致。同时,4个标准锆石的微量元素结果基本落在前人文献报道的范围内。从4个标准锆石的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线可以看出,稀土元素的相对含量较准确。以上结果表明,建立的测试方法实现了对锆石原位微区U-Pb定年及微量元素的同时测定,分析数据结果准确、可靠。     

武汉市湿地景观格局变化与驱动因素研究

以武汉市2000年、2005年、2011年和2016年的Landsat TM/OLI影像数据为基础,采用目视判读法对遥感影像进行解译,并提取了武汉市的湿地信息;利用土地利用动态度模型、马尔柯夫转移矩阵、景观指数和人类活动强度等,结合气温、降水等数据,研究了4个时期武汉市湿地景观动态变化情况、景观指数和影响因素.研究结果...     

南极菲尔德斯半岛土壤微生物在富集传代培养中对菲的响应

为揭示富集传代培养过程中南极多环芳烃降解菌群的演替规律,以菲为唯一碳源和能源对南极菲尔德斯半岛不同地理位置的6份土壤样品进行了富集和连续传代培养,并采用高通量测序技术分析了富集传代培养过程中菲降解菌群的群落结构及生物多样性。Alpha多样性分析结果表明,在富集培养阶段南极菲降解菌的物种丰富度显著高于传代培养阶段(P0.05),但传代培养阶段的代际物种丰富度无显著差异(P0.05)。Beta多样性分析结果表明富集培养阶段与传代培养阶段的群落结构具有显著性差异(P0.05),但传代培养阶段菲降解菌群趋于相对稳定,代际间群落结构无显著性差异(P0.05)。大量微生物在富集培养阶段丰度较高,但因不能适应实验室培养条件或不能利用菲而在传代培养阶段被淘汰。反之,假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、鞘氨醇菌属(Sphingobium)、贪噬菌属(Variovorax)、甲基娇养杆菌属(Methylotenera)和产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes)等适应了该选择压力并在传代培养阶段形成了动态平衡的优势种群。此外,Pseudomonas、Sphingobium和Variovorax等在富集传代培养过程中具有显著性差异的优势种在维持群落的动态平衡中也发挥着重要的作用。该研究有助于加深人们对南极土壤环境中持久性有机污染物的降解潜力以及关键微生物动态变化的认识,为下一步充分挖掘利用南极环保功能微生物资源提供重要的依据。     

基于Landsat数据的近30年上海大陆岸线变化分析

为了研究上海大陆岸线的最新变化,以5年为间隔,选取1988~2019年间的近30年多期Landsat遥感影像,采用多尺度分割和光谱分割相结合的分割方法,提取影像中研究区域的水边线,并利用同年不同时相的水边线和平均大潮高潮位数据进行潮位校正,获取相对准确的海岸线位置。使用线性回归速率方法(LRR)对大陆岸线的外扩距离和速度变化进行了统计,同时对上海大陆岸线长度和面积的时空变化进行了分析。结果表明,从1988~2019年,上海大陆岸线总长度增加了10.4km,增幅达5.19%,长度变化呈“减增减”的趋势。海岸线的平均外扩距离为1.35km,平均LRR值为50m/年,外扩距离最大处位于南汇嘴。上海大陆沿岸总的新增土地总面积达到220.39km²。