夏季崂山湾浮游动物群落结构及空间分布特征

根据2014年8月浅水Ⅱ型浮游生物网在崂山湾海域调查获取的样品,结合同步环境调查资料,研究了崂山湾浮游动物种类组成、群落结构及空间分布。共鉴定浮游动物40种(类),其中浮游幼虫16类,占种类数的40.0%,桡足类14种,占种类数的35.0%,水螅水母类4种,枝角类、毛颚类各2种,原生动物和被囊类各1种。夜光虫丰度在各站位均很高,去除夜光虫丰度后,浮游动物优势种为小拟哲水蚤、异体住囊虫、强额孔雀水蚤和洪氏纺锤水蚤。根据浮游动物群落结构相似性,利用聚类分析可将19个调查站位的浮游动物群落划分到四个群组中。群组Ⅰ所在站位平均水深最浅,指示种最多,其中夜光虫、半球美螅水母、小拟哲水蚤和背针胸刺水蚤为其特有指示种,短尾类溞状幼虫的平均丰度在该群组最高;群组Ⅳ所在站位平均水深最深,靠近外海,指示种最少,圆唇角水蚤为其指示种,桡足类无节幼虫的平均丰度在该群组最高,群组Ⅳ与群组Ⅰ的浮游动物群落结构差异最大,无共有指示种;群组Ⅱ和群组Ⅲ为过渡群组,其部分指示种与其他群组共享。水深和表层叶绿素a浓度对浮游动物群落的变化具有较大影响。     

Fish assemblage structure in the hypoxic zone in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary and its adjacent waters

Fish assemblage structure in the hypoxic zone in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary and its adjacent waters were analyzed based on data from bottom trawl surveys conducted on the R/V Beidou in June, August and October 2006. Four fish assemblages were identified in each survey using two-way indicator species analysis (TWIA). High fish biomass was found in the northern part, central part and coastal waters of the survey area; in contrast, high fish diversity was found in the southern part of the survey area and the Changjiang estuary outer waters. Therefore, it is difficult to maintain high fishery production when high fish diversity is evenly distributed in the fish community. Fish became smaller and fish size spectra tended to be narrower because of fish species variations and differences in growth characteristics. Fish diversity increased, the age to maturity was reduced and some migrant species were not collected in the surveys. Fish with low economic value, small size, simple age structure and low tropic level were predominant in fish assemblages in the Changjiang estuary and its adjacent waters. The lowest hypoxic value decreased in the Changjiang estuary and its adjacent waters.     

花岗岩体侵位机制及成矿作用研究进展

花岗岩体是大陆地壳的重要组成部分,分布广泛,在造山带中可达20％～90％.大陆地壳增生与花岗岩浆的上升侵位有重要的关系.同时,花岗岩分布区也是重要的金属矿床集中区,如各种热液矿床、矽卡岩矿床和斑岩矿床等.因此,对花岗岩体的研究具有重大现实意义.花岗岩体的定位机制研究是花岗岩体构造研究的一个重要方面,及与之相关构造的研究对于花岗岩区找矿勘探意义重大,所以花岗岩的侵位机制及其与成矿作用自然成为关注和研究的重要问题.     

基于Kriging估计的GPS高程转换

随着GPS测量精度的不断提高,其平面测量已经在多种领域得到应用,成为测量工作的一个全新的手段与工具,但在GPS测高方面需要改善和研究。Kriging方法是地统计学的基本方法,其理论核心是变异函数,它是一种最好的线性无偏估计法,在地理学、生态学、环境科学等领域都得到了广泛的应用,取得了很好效果。本文在详细介绍kriging法的基础上,建立了Kriging法的GPS高程拟合模型,利用该模型对两个实例的GPS高程数据拟合,得到了正常高,结果表明Kriging法在GPS高程拟合中的应用精度达到厘米级,且得出了一些有益的结论,为以后GPS高程的应用提供一些参考。     

含钚材料恐怖事件的后果分析

基于数值仿真计算手段,定量分析了含钚材料恐怖事件中炸药爆炸条件下钚材料气溶胶的转化份额;针对不同可吸入气溶胶比例,应用HotSpot核事故后果评价模型计算了有关辐射特征量。结果表明,不同可吸入气溶胶比例对于辐射危害防护及处置有着明显的影响。     

雎水地区水文地质条件分析

雎水地区位于成都平原北缘,北西侧为龙门山前缘侵蚀溶蚀中山区,山前为典型的冲洪积平原。在调查基础上,主要分析雎水地区含水层特征、地下水类型、含水层（组）富水性、地下水补径排特征、研究区分区及分区渗流场等。研究区域主要以冲洪积砂砾卵石层为主,并叠置于晚更新统泥质砾卵石层之上,二者共同构成冲洪积平原松散岩类孔隙潜水主要含水层。上部潜水流向总体方向为140°,地下水径流从扇顶至平原区由强减弱。研究结果可为当地地下水资源的合理开发利用及污染防治提供科学依据。     

基于离散元的冻结砂土三轴力学特性研究

采用离散元软件中的平行黏结模型模拟冻土中冰-土颗粒间相互作用。通过调整模型细观参数,模拟了特定围压不同试验温度和应变速率条件下冻结砂土的三轴试验规律。进一步对比分析计算和试验结果表明,模型的细观参数中的刚度系数和黏结强度对材料的宏观力学行为影响较大,设定的黏结强度参数与温度成反比而和应变速率成正比。在宏观上,峰值强度随温度降低而增大,随应变速率的增大而增大。进一步分析离散元中颗粒的运动产生的剪切带倾角表明：剪切带倾角与温度成反比,而应变速率对其的影响较小;根据已有数据结果,剪切带与内摩擦角间的统计关系符合经典土力学中的摩尔-库伦解。     

贵州盘县乐民河流域三股水岩溶泉水文地质条件分析

三股水岩溶泉为贵州碳酸盐岩山区典型的岩溶大泉,周边煤企广布,排污现象普遍,岩溶地下水系统较为脆弱,分析岩溶泉形成的水文地质条件是地下水污染防治的基础。在环境水文地质调查的基础上,对岩溶地下水系统边界及补给、径流、排泄特征进行了分析。地表岩溶形态调查及物探成果显示,盘关向斜东西两翼各发育1条岩溶管道,并在三股水一带相互贯通。示踪试验成果表明,平关及小果郎河一带的降雨及地表水与三股水岩溶泉存在水力联系,三股水岩溶地下水系统中的岩溶含水介质以裂隙-管道型为主,裂隙的大量发育使该岩溶地下水系统具备较强的调蓄能力。     

Fish assemblage structure in the hypoxic zone in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary and its adjacent waters

Fish assemblage structure in the hypoxic zone in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary and its adjacent waters were analyzed based on data from bottom trawl surveys conducted on the R/V Beidou in June, August and October 2006. Four fish assemblages were identified in each survey using two-way indicator species analysis (TWIA). High fish biomass was found in the northern part, central part and coastal waters of the survey area; in contrast, high fish diversity was found in the southern part of the survey area and the Changjiang estuary outer waters. Therefore, it is difficult to maintain high fishery production when high fish diversity is evenly distributed in the fish community. Fish became smaller and fish size spectra tended to be narrower because of fish species variations and differences in growth characteristics. Fish diversity increased, the age to maturity was reduced and some migrant species were not collected in the surveys. Fish with low economic value, small size, simple age structure and low tropic level were predominant in fish assemblages in the Changjiang estuary and its adjacent waters. The lowest hypoxic value decreased in the Changjiang estuary and its adjacent waters.