膏盐盆地高硫原油中的长链烷基噻吩类化合物

本文报道了江汉膏盐盆地第三系高硫原油中新的含硫化合物——七个系列的烷基噻吩类和五个系列的烷基四氢化噻吩类。两类化合物的碳数范围以及分布特征与原油烷烃的分布十分相似；即高C20异构烷基噻吩与四氢化噻吩以及偶碳优势分布。含硫化合物可能是膏盐环境高硫原油的特征性生物标志化合物，是早期阶段硫或硫化氢与烷烃的反应产物。     

导向钻进非开挖铺管穿越公路施工实例

根据场区工程水文地质和施工环境条件 ,就具体的导向钻进非开挖铺管工程实例 ,详细阐述了导向钻进法的施工技术 ,并提出要对其钻具及施工工艺进行优化     

对宜昌市"98.4.23"强对流天气的诊断分析

利用常规气象资料,对１９９８年４月２３日发生在宜昌市的强对流天气过程的环流背景、物理量场及雷达回波进行了分析。结果表明：中低层西南急流、强垂直风切变,高层降温降湿而低层增温增湿等特征,是这次强对流天气的 雷达回波上出现的回波穹窿及单站气压的大幅度震荡可作为前雹、大风等强充天气临近预报的依据。     

用氚讨论中国西部新疆干旱区的水循环率

Tritium concentrations are used to trace water circulation in the Urumqi and Turfan basins in the Xinjiang, western China. Tritium analyses were made for 77 water samples of river waters, groundwaters, spring waters, lake waters and glacier ice collected in summers in 1992 and 1994. The tritium concentrations in the waters are in a wide range from 0 to 125 TU, most of which are considerably high compared with those of most waters in Japan, because tritium levels in precipitation in the area are over ten times as high as those in Japan. River waters originating in glacier regions contain melt glacier, the proportion of which is over 0.5 to river water. The mean resi-dence time of circulating meteoric water in the mountain regions is estimated to be about 15 years. Most groundwaters and spring waters in the flat regions are mainly derived from river waters originating in glacier regions. The groundwater of greatest tritium concentrations in wells in Urumqi City is derived from Urumqi River about 25 years ago. It takes several ten years for river water to pass the underground to many springs. Some groundwaters and spring waters have taken a long time more than 40 years to travel under the ground. Enrichment of tritium in lake water by evaporation is considered to estimate the contribution of groundwater flow to the recharge of lake. Various contributions of groundwater to lakes are inferred for the various type of salinity in closed or semi-closed lakes. The inflow rates of groundwater to salt lakes are small as against fresh water lakes.     

湘东北新元古代花岗岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

在湘东北岳阳-平江-带分布有许多新元古代花岗岩体,对其中的张邦源岩体进行锆石sHRIMP U-Pb年龄测定,获得(816±4.6)Ma的年龄.花岗岩体岩石基性程度较高,SiO2平均为70.25%;低钾高钙,CaO平均为2_38%;全碱较低,Na2o+K2O平均为5.97%,且Na2O>K2O;ASI值平均1.16(0.97～1.29).总体属镁质过铝质钙碱性花岗岩系列.不相容元素RLb、Th含量较高,贫Ba和Nb.稀土元素总量较低,平均130μg/g;轻稀土相对富集,(La/Yb)N比值在6.76～8.50;铕亏损不明显,δEu值为0.54～0.78.εNd(t)值较高且变化范围较窄,为-1.5～1.6,T2DM1.35～1.60 Ga;δ18Ov-SMOW值为8.1‰～11.1‰.岩石具典型的Ⅰ型花岗岩或AcG型花岗岩特征,为壳-幔混合型成因,岩浆主要起源于亏损地幔源,并伴有地壳物质加入.地球化学特征显示为岛弧火山岩系,为会聚板块边缘(俯冲带)岩浆作用的产物,不具备地幔柱岩浆特性,不能作为Roinina超大陆裂解的标志.     

江南造山带北部早中生代岳阳—赤壁断褶带构造特征及变形机制研究

早中生代(晚印支-早燕山期)岳阳-赤壁断褶带位于江南造山带与中扬子前陆盆地交界地带.作者对该构造带进行了地表地质调查,以此为基础探讨了构造剖面结构及构造变形动力机制.岳阳-赤壁断褶带自南而北可分为岳阳-临湘基底滑脱-逆冲带,桃花泉-肖家湾盖层滑脱褶皱带,以及赤壁-嘉鱼前陆盆地断-褶-盆构造带.岳阳-临湘基底滑脱-逆冲带自南而北依次有郭镇向斜、官山背斜、临湘倒转向斜和聂市背斜,组成隔槽式褶皱组合.褶皱轴面多向南倾,褶皱变形面为南华系盖层与冷家溪群褶皱基底间的角度不整合面和顺界面的滑脱断裂面.桃花泉-肖家湾盖层滑脱褶皱带主要发育轴面南倾倒转褶皱,褶皱波长较小,卷入地层为南华系-志留系以及上石炭统-中三叠统沉积盖层.赤壁-嘉鱼前陆盆地断-褶-盆构造带以南倾蒲圻断裂(江南断裂)为南部边界,发育T3-J2前陆盆地沉积,带内褶皱与断裂卷入地层包括沉积盖层以及T3-J2地层:南部断裂与褶皱轴面南倾.北部轴面近直立.自南西至北东,研究区内构造线走向由EW向渐变为NEE-NE向.上述构造分带及变形特征反映出自南向北的运动指向,表明岳阳-赤壁断褶带具前陆冲断带构造性质.从断裂相关褶皱理论出发,以地表构造特征为依据,厘定了岳阳-赤壁地质剖面结构并进行了变形动力机制分析,认识如下:①自南而北、自下而上的多个滑脱层及其间的南倾逆断裂或断坡(主要为江南断裂)组成近似台阶状的逆冲断裂系统,从总体上控制了构造块体的滑移、逆冲以及相应的构造格架或变形分区.②郭镇向斜为基底滑脱褶皱,官山背斜具滑脱褶皱和断裂传播褶皱双重成因,聂市背斜为断裂转折褶皱;临湘向斜为受两侧背斜控制的被动向斜,由于弯滑褶皱作用在其两翼沿不整合界面形成滑脱断裂.③岳阳-临湘基底滑脱-逆冲带隔槽式褶皱的形成主要受控于褶皱基底的滑脱和基底整体的水平压缩,其形成机制类似于肿缩式褶皱.最后讨论认为湘东北-鄂东南地区不存在大规模、长距离的逆冲推覆构造.     

干振桩复合地基中碎石垫层的补偿效果

挤密型复合地基处理 ,可以明显改善建筑场地的工程地质性能 ,提高承载力 ,降低液化等级。但由于勘察工作不到位 ,地基处理设计时对天然地基的不良地质条件估计不足 ,施工、监理也存在一些问题 ,导致地基处理效果未满足建筑设计要求。通过在复合地基上部铺设加厚的碎石垫层 ,并采用相应的支护和结构措施 ,取得了满意的结果 ,保证了建筑物的安全使用。     

宜昌市人工影响天气管理指挥系统的研制及应用

介绍了宜昌市人工影响天气管理指挥系统的组成、原理、技术要点、功能和应用情况。系统基于天气学、气象雷达、卫星和计算机技术而建立,为方便使用,设计了运行于计算机上的程序,并投入业务使用。     

Environmental Conditions Determining the Timing of the Lifetime Maximum Intensity of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific and Their Frequency of Occurrence

Environmental conditions determining the timing of the lifetime maximum intensities of tropical cyclones (TCs) are investigated for the TCs over the western North Pacific during the period 2008-2017. The results show that the land controls the timings of the lifetime maximum intensities in 42% of the TCs over this basin, indicating that accurate track forecasts are beneficial for TC intensity forecasts. With respect to other TCs that are not affected by the land (i.e., Ocean-TCs), the timings of their lifetime maximum intensities are determined by multiple oceanic factors. In particular, interactions between TCs and cold-core eddies occur in a large proportion (nearly 60%) of Ocean-TCs at or shortly after the times of their lifetime maximum intensities, especially in strong TCs (categories 4 and 5), suggesting that a consideration of the above interactions is necessary for improving TC intensity forecasting skills. In addition, unfavorable oceanic heat content conditions become common as the latitude increases over 25°N, influencing half of the Ocean-TCs. Strong vertical wind shear contributes detrimentally to the atmospheric environment in 17% of the TCs over this basin, especially in moderate and weak TCs. In contrast, neither the maximum potential intensity nor the humidity in the middle level of the atmosphere plays dominant roles when TCs turn from their peak intensities to weakening.