牙鲆野生群体与养殖群体的遗传多样性分析

利用AFLP技术对荣成野生群体和养殖群体牙鲆进行遗传多样性分析和比较。实验采用 7对引物组合在 2个群体中共扩增出 797个位点 ,其中多态位点数为 43 3个 ,占总位点数的 5 4.2 7%。各引物组合在 2个群体中的扩增位点数目和多态位点比例有较大不同 ,但养殖群体的总扩增位点数和多态位点比例均低于野生群体 ,野生群体和养殖群体的平均多态位点率分别为 46.18%和 40 .0 7% ,其中 ,E3 8M 5 0引物组合在两群体中扩增的多态位点比例差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。养殖群体中低频位点明显减少而隐性纯合基因位点显著增加。群体遗传结构分析表明 ,两群体间的遗传距离比较小 ,群体遗传结构相似 ,说明养殖群体尚没有形成自己独立的遗传结构。     

异源精子诱导牙鲆雌核发育二倍体

采用紫外线照射处理的石鲽精子和受精后冷休克的方法诱导了牙鲆雌核发育。结果表明:用2只平行的相距15cm的20W紫外灯管,照射距离为10cm,在5~100s时间范围内照射石鲽精子时,受精卵的发育表现了典型的哈特维希效应,照射40s的精子所得胚胎的孵化率达到最高峰(41%),染色体观察结果显示,此照射剂量组的所有胚胎均为单倍体(n=24),表明照射精子遗传失活的有效性和可靠性。如果冷休克处理前受精卵保持在(15.5±0.5)℃,受精卵在一定的休克温度(0~10℃)条件下,用不同休克起始时间(受精后1~10min)及冷休克处理持续时间(15~90min)均能诱导染色体加倍。对冷休克处理条件的优化结果表明,在2~4℃条件下,受精后3min开始、冷休克处理45min时,二倍体诱导率最高,达79.7%。染色体鉴定显示,处理组的正常胚胎均为二倍体(2n=48),未发现单倍体和非整倍体。     

Cloning and stage-specific expression of CK-M1 gene during metamorphosis of Japanese flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus

The symmetrical body of flatfish larvae changes dramatically into an asymmetrical form after metamorphosis. The molecular mechanisms responsible for this change are poorly understood. As an initial step to clarify these mechanisms, we used representational difference analysis of cDNA for the identification of genes active during metamorphosis in the Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olicaceus. One of the up-regulated genes was identified as creatine kinase muscle type 1 (CK-M1). Sequence analysis of CK-M1 revealed that it spanned 1 708 bp and encoded a protein of 382 amino acids. The overall amino acid sequence of the CK-M1 was highly conserved with those of other organisms. CK-M1 was expressed in adult fish tissues, including skeletal muscle, intestine and gill. Whole mount in-situ hybridization showed that the enhanced expression of CK-M1 expanded from the head to the whole body of larvae as metamorphosis progressed. Quantitative analysis revealed stage-specific high expression of CK-M1 during metamorphosis. The expression level of CK-M1 increased initially and peaked at metamorphosis, decreased afterward, and finally returned to the pre-metamorphosis level. This stage-specific expression pattern suggested strongly that CK-M1 was related to metamorphosis in the Japanese flounder. Its specific role in metamorphosis requires further study.     

半滑舌鳎性别决定和性别控制育种研究进展与展望

半滑舌鳎是中国重要的经济鱼类,有较高的经济价值。该物种雌雄个体差异巨大,其性别控制育种具有重大现实意义。同时,半滑舌鳎拥有ZW型性染色体,其性腺分化较容易受到温度等环境因素的影响,因此是研究鱼类性染色体进化、性别决定和性别分化的良好模型。近年来,随着细胞工程育种技术的发展、半滑舌鳎性别特有分子标记的开发、基因组的测序完成、全基因组关联分析技术和基因编辑技术的应用等,在半滑舌鳎性别决定相关基因的鉴定、表观遗传效应分析、性别控制育种等诸方面取得很多突破,半滑舌鳎性别决定和性腺分化的遗传基础和环境效应被逐步揭示。本文就相关研究领域的研究进展,结合本研究团队的工作积累进行总结,以期为半滑舌鳎性别决定及性别控制育种相关研究提供方向和目标性思考。     

斑石鲷肌肉、脑细胞系的建立与生物学特性

斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus),是一种具有极高经济价值的海水养殖鱼类,尚未见其细胞系建立的相关报道。本研究以斑石鲷肌肉、脑组织为材料,采用组织块移植培养技术,建立了斑石鲷肌肉、脑细胞系,分别定名为OPPM、OPPB。斑石鲷肌肉细胞系已传至183代,脑细胞系已传至174代,细胞均为成纤维样细胞。OPPM细胞最适培养温度为28℃,OPPB细胞最适培养温度为26℃。在FBS浓度为10%~20%条件下细胞生长旺盛。对OPPM、OPPB分别提取DNA进行18SrRNA基因片段特异性扩增,均获得819bp DNA片段,与斑石鲷18SrRNA序列进行比对,一致性达99.6%,表明该细胞起源于斑石鲷,而染色体分析表明两个细胞系染色体数目和核型均出现不同程度变异。OPPM细胞与OPPB细胞液氮冷冻保存10个月后,复苏后经台盼蓝细胞染色,约91.2%、86.7%细胞具有活性,且复苏后增殖速度快,可正常传代。使用脂质体转染法将pEGFP-C1质粒转染至OPPM、OPPB,可高效表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)。OPPM和OPPB细胞系的建立将为斑石鲷免疫学研究及基因功能研究奠定基础。     

Screening of eye-position related genes with DD-RT-PCR and RDA in the hybrids between Japanese flounder <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis> and stone flounder <Emphasis Type="Italic">Kareius bicoloratus</Emphasis>

Flatfish or flounder moves one eye to change body proportion into vertebral asymmetry during metamorphosis, during which some become sinistral while others dextral. However, the mechanism behinds the eye-position has not been well understood. In this research, hybrids between Japanese flounder(♀) and stone flounder (♂) show mixed eye-location in both dextral type and sinistral type, and thus become good samples for studying the eye-migration. mRNAs from pro-metamorphosis sinistral and dextral hybrids larvae were screened with classical differential display RT-PCR (DD-RT-PCR) and representational difference analysis of cDNA (cDNA-RDA); 30 and 47 putative fragments were isolated, respectively. The cDNA fragments of creatine kinase and trypsinogen 2 precursor genes isolated by cDNA-RDA exhibited eye-position expression patterns during metamorphosis. However, none of the fragments was proved to be related to flatfishes’ eye-position specifically. Therefore, further studies and more sensitive gene isolated methods are needed to solve the problems. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30600455) and the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No.2004CB117402)