不同距离处各种觇标的照准精度比较

本文研究的目的，在于比较光学经纬仪照准常用测量觇标时的水平角观测精度。研究结果旨在指导测量员及其野外工作者如何选择不同视距下的最佳觇标。三个仪器操作员观测了位于不同距离处的几个觇标，因而在不同觇标和不同视距处得到了不同的照准精度。从统计上看，各测量员的照准精度差可以忽略。觇标和觇标距离的一些组合产生了较小的标准差，则可认为是“较优”觇标。觇标的稳定性极其重要。装有三角架的觇标，其稳定性要比手持垂球     

关于倾斜脉的重力异常公式及理论曲线正误的商榷

本文着重讨论了重力勘探教材中关于倾斜脉的△g、V_(xz)、V_(zz)理论公式及二次微商理论曲线的正误问题。文中给出了无限延深倾斜脉的准确的 V_(xz)及 V_(zz)理论曲线,并且指出应该充分地利用 V_(xz)V_(zz)异常特征解释推断脉的倾向.     

土地利用变化对流域生态需水的影响分析

人类对流域生态系统的干预,导致季节性淹没区减少,天然湿地丧失,生态环境的恶化和生物多样性锐减,土地利用方式发生了剧烈变化。以流域整体性理论、物种多样性理论、物种耐性理论和景观生态学理论为基础,分析了土地利用方式对生态需水的影响。结果表明,河岸天然植被生态系统通过削减洪峰、增补枯水和截留污染物的作用,来影响流域的水量分配和水质改善,使流域受水分不足威胁的程度降低,即在更大的时间与空间尺度上,保证了流域对生态水的需求。因此,为了流域生态系统的可持续发展,应采取保护湿地、河溪森林植被、水陆交错带等合理的土地利用方式。     

陆面过程模式研究简评

主要总结了陆面过程模式的发展状况, 对一些国际间合作进行的计划、试验成果以及我国在这方面的研究情况加以介绍和评述, 最后给出陆面模拟研究中存在的难点、问题及可能的解决途径.     

低空风切变的分析与预报

低空风切变是飞机起飞和着陆阶段威胁飞行安全的主要危险天气，分为水平风的垂直切变、水平风的水平切变、垂直气流切变三种类型。低空风切变主要是由大气运动的变化所造成，强对流天气、锋面天气、低空急流天气都可能引起低空风切变；另外，特别的地理环境也是不容忽视的因素。     

浚县35年降水气候特征分析

利用浚县1963－1997年降水资料，分析了浚县35年来年降水量以及春、夏、秋、冬降水量变化特征，结果表明：年降水量呈减少趋势；春季降水有增加趋势且降水百分率呈波动增加趋势，夏季降水减少、降水百分率呈波动变化且较稳定，秋季降水减少且降水百分率波动较大，冬季降水有增加趋势且降水百分率波动不大。     

Multi-Year Simulations and Experimental Seasonal Predictions for Rainy Seasons in China by Using a Nested Regional Climate Model （RegCM_NCC） Part Ⅱ： The Experimental Seasonal Prediction

A nested regional climate model has been experimentally used in the seasonal prediction at the China National Climate Center (NCC) since 2001. The NCC/IAP (Institute of Atmospheric Physics) T63 coupled GCM (CGCM) provides the boundary and initial conditions for driving the regional climate model (RegCM NCC). The latter has a 60-km horizontal resolution and improved physical parameterization schemes including the mass flux cumulus parameterization scheme, the turbulent kinetic energy closure scheme (TKE) and an improved land process model (LPM). The large-scale terrain features such as the Tibetan Plateau are included in the larger domain to produce the topographic forcing on the rain-producing systems. A sensitivity study of the East Asian climate with regard to the above physical processes has been presented in the first part of the present paper. This is the second part, as a continuation of Part I. In order to verify the performance of the nested regional climate model, a ten-year simulation driven by NCEP reanalysis datasets has been made to explore the performance of the East Asian climate simulation and to identify the model’s systematic errors. At the same time, comparative simulation experiments for 5 years between the RegCM2 and RegCM NCC have been done to further understand their differences in simulation performance. Also, a ten-year hindcast (1991–2000) for summer (June–August), the rainy season in China, has been undertaken. The preliminary results have shown that the RegCM NCC is capable of predicting the major seasonal rain belts. The best predicted regions with high anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) are located in the eastern part of West China, in Northeast China and in North China, where the CGCM has maximum prediction skill as well. This fact may reflect the importance of the largescale forcing. One significant improvement of the prediction derived from RegCM NCC is the increase of ACC in the Yangtze River valley where the CGCM has a very low, even a negative, ACC. The reason behind this improvement is likely to be related to the more realistic representation of the large-scale terrain features of the Tibetan Plateau. Presumably, many rain-producing systems may be generated over or near the Tibetan Plateau and may then move eastward along the Yangtze River basin steered by upper-level westerly airflow, thus leading to enhancement of rainfalls in the mid and lower basins of the Yangtze River. The real-time experimental predictions for summer in 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004 by using this nested RegCM NCC were made. The results are basically reasonable compared with the observations.     

2007年初夏腾冲连阴雨天气过程分析

应用Micaps系统资源,并结合腾冲单站L波段雷达高空探测资料、乡镇雨量监测点资料进行分析,认为腾冲连阴雨天气是在孟湾MCC作用下产生的。孟湾低压的维持发展提供源源不断的水汽输送是造成腾冲持续连阴雨天气的主要原因;腾冲境内雨量分布由南向北增多的趋势,与腾冲独特的地形有关。充分使用单站现有的探测资料如假相当位温等物理量等对做好局地强降水预报具有指导作用。