Numerical simulation of scatterometer assimilated wind and ocean wave in eastern China seas and adjacent waters

Using the latest version of Mesoscale Modeling System (MM5v3), we assimilated wind data from the scatterometer and built a model to assimilate the wind field over eastern China seas and adjacent waters and applied the wave model WAVEWATCH-Ⅲ to test the sea area with assimilative wind and blended wind of QSCAT and NCEP as driving forces. High precision and resolution numerical wave results were obtained. Analysis indicated that if we replace the model wind result with the blended wind, better sea surface wind results and wave results could be obtained.     

潮汐对东海陆架边缘处水交换的影响

为探讨潮汐对东海陆架边缘处水交换通量的影响, 本文基于ROMS海洋数值模式, 对渤海、黄海、东海的潮汐、环流进行了模拟研究。研究结果显示, 在水平方向上, 潮汐效应主要影响我国台湾岛东北及日本九州西南的水交换, 其中在台湾岛东北区域, 潮汐效应通过增加黑潮分支流(KBC)的向岸及离岸速度来加强黑潮水的跨陆架交换。潮汐效应对200 m等深线处跨等深线流速的影响量值约为3~5 cm/s。从垂直方向上来看, 潮汐效应能够影响到深度200 m处水层的深层交换。进一步研究其作用机制, 发现潮汐效应主要通过平流输送项来影响水体交换, 而其对水体的水平及垂直扩散项的影响较小。     

源区黑潮季节变异及其动力机制的数值研究

应用POM2K模式对中国海黑潮区气候态平均环流进行了数值模拟。采用正交曲线网格, 模式区域为太平洋海盆, 特别的在中国海区域进行加密并较好的拟合了岸线; 垂向分为21层, 并在海表9层以上采用对数网格分布; 采用COADS气候态月平均的风应力, 并将模式的温度结果和MODIS月平均的SST数据进行同化, 然后将模式模拟出的流量、海表高度异常同实测数据和卫星观测数据进行了对比验证, 结果均显示模拟结果可信度较高。接着本文探讨了北赤道流分岔位置季节性的变化对源区黑潮流量的影响, 结果表明, 秋冬季节北赤道流分岔位置较靠北, 源区黑潮流量较大, 而春夏季节北赤道流分岔位置较靠南, 黑潮流量较小。在此基础上, 针对源区黑潮的动力机制进行了数值实验。实验中主要考虑了以下动力因子对源区黑潮季节性变化的影响: (1)风应力; (2)非线性; (3)黑潮的斜压敏感性, 然后通过与控制实验的对比, 讨论了不同的动力因素对吕宋海峡净流量和吕宋海峡上层环流场的影响。     

Highly nonlinear internal solitary waves over the continental shelf of the northwestern South China Sea

Large amplitude internal solitary waves (ISWs) often exhibit highly nonlinear effects and may contribute significantly to mixing and energy transporting in the ocean. We observed highly nonlinear ISWs over the continental shelf of the northwestern South China Sea (19°35′N, 112°E) in May 2005 during the Wenchang Internal Wave Experiment using in-situ time series data from an array of temperature and salinity sensors, and an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). We summarized the characteristics of the ISWs and compared them with those of existing internal wave theories. Particular attention has been paid to characterizing solitons in terms of the relationship between shape and amplitude-width. Comparison between theoretical prediction and observation results shows that the high nonlinearity of these waves is better represented by the second-order extended Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) theory than the first-order KdV model. These results indicate that the northwestern South China Sea (SCS) is rich in highly nonlinear ISWs that are an indispensable part of the energy budget of the internal waves in the northern South China Sea.     

Effect of meridional wind on gap-leaping western boundary current

Using a 1.5-layer reduced-gravity nonlinear shallow-water equation model, we studied the effect of the meridional wind on the western boundary currents (WBC) at critical states with hysteresis courses. The results of the simulation indicate that the WBC is prone to penetrating into the gap under northerly winds, and its path is more difficult to alter due to the larger interval between the two critical transition curves (C ₁ P and C ₁ L). For southerly winds, the WBC is prone to leaping across the gap, and its path is easier to alter due to the smaller interval between the two critical transition curves. The simulation results also indicate that the meridional winds over the southern region of the gap are the dominant factor determining the formation of the WBC. The dynamic mechanism influencing the transport of WBC near the gap is both Ekman transport and the blocking of Ekman transport. Ekman transport induced by northerly winds may reduce the transport of the WBC, causing the β-effect to dominate the meridional advection (promoting the penetration). Southerly winds, however, may enhance the transport of the WBC, causing the meridional advection to dominate the β-effect (promoting the leaping state). These results explain some structural features of the Kuroshio at the Luzon Strait.     

Characteristics of nonlinear internal waves observed in the northern South China Sea

The South China Sea (SCS) is one of the most active areas of internal waves. We undertook a program of physical oceanography in the northern South China Sea from June to July of 2009, and conducted a 1-day observation from 15:40 of June 24 to 16:40 of June 25 using a chain of instruments, including temperature sensors, pressure sensors and temperature-pressure meters at a site (117.5°E, 21°N) northeast of the Dongsha Islands. We measured fluctuating tidal and subtidal properties with the thermistor-chain and a ship-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, and observed a large-amplitude nonlinear internal wave passing the site followed by a number of small ones. To further investigate this phenomenon, we collected the tidal constituents from the TPXO7.1 dataset to evaluate the tidal characteristics at and around the recording site, from which we knew that the amplitude of the nonlinear internal wave was about 120 m and the period about 20 min. The horizontal and vertical velocities induced by the soliton were approximately 2 m/s and 0.5 m/s, respectively. This soliton occurred 2–3 days after a spring tide.     

Path transition of the western boundary current with a gap due to mesoscale eddies: a 1.5-layer, wind-driven experiment

Using a 1.5 layer nonlinear shallow-water reduced-gravity model, we executed numerical simulations to investigate the possibility of a western boundary current (WBC) path transition due to mesoscale eddies based on the background of the Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea (SCS) from the Luzon Strait. Because the WBC existed different current states with respect to different wind stress control parameters, we chose three steady WBC states (loop current, eddy shedding and leaping) as the background flow field and simulated the path transition of the WBC due to mesoscale eddies. Our simulations indicated that either an anticyclonic or cyclonic eddy can lead to path transition of the WBC with different modes. The simulation results also show that the mesoscale eddies can lead to path transition of the WBC from loop and eddy shedding state to leaping state because of the hysteresis effect. The leaping state is relatively stable compared with the mesoscale eddies. Moreover, an anticyclonic eddy is more effective in producing the WBC path transition for the path transition than a cyclonic eddy. Our results may help to explain some phenomena observed regarding the path transition of the Kuroshio due to the mesoscale eddies at the Luzon Strait.     

南沙与暖池海域SST的长期振荡及其耦合过程

利用多项式函数分析了南沙和暖池海温的长期变化,发现两海域的海面温度（ＳＳＴ）１９３４－１９８９年５６年来有明显地增温趋势,并且存在着ＳＳＴ变化的周期的突变现象,根据交叉谱分析特征,两海区ＳＳＴ之间存在不同频率的耦合振荡,可分为两种主要类型,周期约为１６．６年的同相低频耦合振荡和周期约为２年的反应相耦合振荡。     

EQUAITON ON SPATIAL VARIATION OF SHALLOW WATER WAVES AMPLITUDE

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Study on the growth of wind wave frequency spectra generated by cold waves in the northern East China Sea

The growth of frequency spectra and spectral parameters of wind waves generated by cold waves, a kind of severe weather system, in the northern East China Sea is studied in this paper. Based on a third-generation wave action model(the Simulating WAves Nearshore model), simulations were developed to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of wind waves and to output spectral data. It is shown that the cold wave-induced spectra can be well described by the modified Joint North Sea Wave Project spectral form. The growth of wave spectra is comprehensively reflected by the evolution of the three characteristic parameters: peak frequency, spectral peak and wave energy. Besides, the approximations of dependences between spectral parameters and the three types of universal induced factors are obtained with the least squares method and compared systematically. Fetch and peak frequency turn out to be suitable parameters to describe the spectral parameters, while the dependences on the inverse wave age vary in different sea areas. In general, the derived relationships improve on results from previous studies for better practical application of the wind wave frequency spectrum in the northern East China Sea.