笠贝soxb、mox基因的鉴定及在足原基发育中的表达模式

足是软体动物最重要的器官之一,目前对其发育机制尚不了解。软体动物的足由神经和肌肉两部分构成,研究足部神经和肌肉系统在发育早期的的动态变化,对于了解足的形态建成机制具有重要意义。本文利用电镜研究了笠贝(Lottiagoshimai)足的早期发育过程。克隆了lgo-soxb和lgo-mox基因,整装原位杂交表明这两个基因分别表达在早期笠贝幼虫的神经外胚层和中胚层,可作为足发育过程的分子标记。不同发育阶段幼虫的原位杂交结果表明,神经外胚层和中胚层细胞在足发育的起始阶段尚未重叠,而在后续发育阶段,二者相向运动并重叠在一起。结果提示组成贝类足部的神经和肌肉细胞起源于早期胚胎不同的部位,在发育过程中逐渐互相接近并重叠,至担轮幼虫晚期共同作用形成足原基。本研究展示了足原基的早期形成过程,为深入研究软体动物足的发育机制提供了基础信息。     

三维实景地图生产与应用

实景地图近年来发展迅速,在日常生活中应用广泛,如旅游景点、宾馆、银行、政府服务中心等的空间位置查询、服务内容介绍等。实景地图的生产方法、生产流程有多种多样,产品质量参差不齐。目前,利用轻型无人机航空摄影系统实现三维全景地图生产,生产方式方便、高效且质量较好。该文介绍了生产三维实景地图的无人机系统及三维实景地图生产方法与过程,通过采用无人机系统实景地图的生产实例,讲述了实景地图应用现状、发展前景及存在的问题。     

Investigations into the thermal non-equilibrium of W UMa-type contact binaries

Traditionally, some physical details(e.g., magnetic braking, energy transfer, angular momentum loss, etc.) have to be taken into consideration during investigations into the evolution of contact binaries. However, the real evolutionary processes which usually contain several of these physical mechanisms are very complicated as a result of strong interaction between components. To avoid dealing with these factors, a linear relationship is applied to the temperatures of components. It is found that the higher the mass ratio(M_2/M_1) of a contact system, the weaker the deviation from thermal equilibrium.On this basis, a variation trend of fill-out factor(f) changing with mass ratio can be inferred, which is consistent with observations. Moreover, if we stick to this point of view, it should be natural that the number of semi-detached binaries in the predicted broken-contact phase of relaxation oscillations is less than the number in the contact phase.     

连云港近海紫菜养殖区遥感识别、空间变异和驱动分析

为了科学有效地掌握海域使用信息、管理海域权属,为海域资源调查、管理、规划、保护、合理利用提供服务,为违法、违规、违章用海项目得到有效遏制,减少用海矛盾,有必要开展海域使用动态监测,作者以连云港近海为研究区,利用4个时相Landsat遥感影像(2002、2008、2013、2016年)通过面向对象算法提取弱水背景下的紫菜养殖区信息,揭示空间分异规律,并分析其驱动原因。研究结果表明:4期影像提取连云港近海紫菜养殖区信息的精度分别是87.5%、92%、91.7%和94.6%。紫菜养殖区空间分布的变化规律为紫菜养殖面积不断增加且整体向深海方向推进。赣榆港口航运区和田湾核电站特殊利用区存在少量紫菜养殖区,项目用海不符合连云港市海洋功能区划(2016～2020年)。连云港近海紫菜养殖区空间分异的驱动因子主要是自然条件、养殖技术、海洋经济和社会发展四大因素。     

The effect of expansion ratio on the critical Reynolds number in single fracture flow with sudden expansion

Flow in a single fracture (SF) is an important research subject in groundwater hydrology, hydraulic engineering, radioactive nuclear waste repository and geotechnical engineering. An abruptly changing aperture is a unique type of SF. This study discusses the relation between the values of the critical Reynolds number (Re_c) for the onset of symmetry breaking of flow and the expansion ratio (E) of SF, which is defined as the ratio between the outlet (D) and inlet (d) apertures. This study also investigates the effect of inlet aperture d on Re_c for flow in an SF with abruptly changing apertures (SF‐ACA) using the finite volume method. Earlier numerical and experimental results showed that flow is symmetric in respect to the central plane of the SF‐ACA at small Reynolds number (Re) but becomes asymmetric when Re is sufficiently large. Our simulations show that the value of Re_c decreases with the increasing E, and the relationship between the logarithm of Re_c and E can be described accurately using either a quadratic polynomial function or a logarithmic function. However, the relationship of Re_c and d for a given E value is vague, and Re_c becomes even less sensitive to d when E increases. This study also reveals that the hydraulic gradient (J) and flow velocity (v) follow a super‐linear relationship that can be fitted almost perfectly by the Forchheimer equation. The inertial component (J_i) of J increases monotonically with Re, whereas the viscous component (J_v) of J decreases monotonically with Re. The Re value corresponding to equal inertial and viscous components of J (named as the transitional point Re) decreases when E increases, and such a transitional point Re should be closely related to the critical Reynolds number Re_c, although a rigorous theoretical proof is not yet available. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

胶州湾沉积物中石油降解菌的降解能力及多样性研究

2013年青岛输油管道爆炸，大量石油污染了附近海岸。课题组采集了污染的沉积物样品，以原油为唯一碳源和能源，富集了四个石油降解菌群。生物多样性和群落分析表明，Luteibacter、Parvibaculum 和属于食烷菌科的一个属是降解菌群的主要优势菌，都属于变形菌门。从石油降解菌群中分离筛选，获得了9株具有不同16S rRNA基因序列的降解菌，分别属于8个属。重量法测定降解菌的石油降解率，其中5株的石油降解率大于30%。GC-MS分析结果表明，石油降解菌多倾向于降解烷烃，对多环芳烃的降解能力较差，其中5株细菌的烷烃降解率较大，仅1株菌D2对多环芳烃的降解率较大，其降解率在34.9%到77.5%。通过对高通量数据的分析，表明食烷菌属是菌群A和菌群E的主要降解菌群，其中筛选获得的菌株E4可能是菌群E的一株优势降解菌。本研究所筛选菌株证明了其石油降解潜力，为油污染海滩生物修复提供了菌株资源。     

More than two hundred and fifty thousand spectroscopic binary or variable star candidates discovered by LAMOST

About 786.4 thousand stars were observed by LAMOST twice or more during the first stage of its spectroscopic survey. The radial velocity differences for about 256 thousand targets are larger than10 km s~(-1) and they are possible spectroscopic binary or variable candidates(SBVCs). It is shown that most SBVCs are slightly metal poorer than the Sun. There are two peaks in the temperature distribution of SBVCs around 5760 K and 4870 K, while there are three peaks in the distribution of the gravitational acceleration at 2.461, 4.171 and 4.621 cm s~(-2). The locations of SBVCs on the [Fe/H]-T, [Fe/H]-log g, log g-T and H-R diagrams are investigated. It is found that the detected SBVCs could be classified into four groups. The first group has higher log g～4.621 and lower T ～ 4870 K which are mainly cool red dwarf binaries. The second group of SBVCs has logg around 4.171 cm s~(-2) that includes binaries and pulsating stars such as δSet and γ Dor variables. The gravitational accelerations of the third group of SBVCs are higher and some of them are below the zero-age main sequence. They may be contact binaries in which the primary components are losing energy to the secondaries in the common envelopes and are at a special stellar evolutionary stage.The last group is composed of giants or supergiants with log g around 2.461 cm s~(-2) that may be evolved pulsating stars. One target(C134624.29+333921.2) is confirmed as an eclipsing binary with a period of 0.65 days. A preliminary analysis suggests that it is a detached binary with a mass ratio of 0.46. The primary fills its critical Roche lobe by about 89%, indicating that mass transfer will occur between the two components.     

Preface: Modern studies of variable stars

In this Mini-Volume, seven papers written on the basis of talks selected from those presented at the scientific conference "Modern studies of variable stars," commemorating Prof. M. A. Svechnikov(1933–2011), are published. The conference covered a variety of variable-star topics; the papers in this Mini-Volume deal with close, mainly eclipsing, binaries, Herbig Be stars and stellar molecular masers, with an accent on stellar catalogs of different kinds. We briefly review the contents of these papers.