涡分辨率海洋模式及其海气耦合模式中吕宋海峡处的黑潮入侵

比较了准全球涡分辨率海洋模式（简记为LICOMH）及其海气耦合模式（简记为LICOMHC）中的黑潮入侵南海与观测中黑潮入侵的差异。我们发现在单独海洋模式中黑潮入侵与观测相比过强，而在其海气耦合模式中这一差异得到了改善。冬季的吕宋海峡输送（LST）在LICOMH中为-8.8×10⁶ m³s^-1，而在LICOMHC中则下降到-6.0×10⁶ m³s^-1 。进一步的研究表明是大尺度风场，局地风应力和吕宋海峡以东中尺度涡旋的共同作用导致了黑潮入侵在两个模式中的不同。LICOMH中吕宋岛东北部相对较强的气旋导致了较弱的黑潮输送及吕宋海峡处较强的黑潮入侵。以上三者共同作用造成的LST差异大约是2.0×10⁶ m³s^-1，与两个模式间的LST差异大小基本相当。进一步对LICOMH与LICOMHC中的EKE收支进行分析表明，LICOMH中更强的EKE输送及斜压转换项导致了黑潮以东存在更强的气旋，而海表风场对两个模式中的涡旋差异贡献极小。     

化浊解毒汤治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎40 例临床观察

目的：观察化浊解毒汤治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）的临床疗效及对患者生存质量的影响。方法：将80 例慢性萎缩性胃炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，每组各40 例。治疗组予化浊解毒汤治疗，对照组予胃复春片治疗，2组疗程均为6个月。观察2组治疗前后中医证候积分、病理组织学分级，评定中医证候疗效及病理组织学疗效；采用健康状况调查简表（SF-36）对患者治疗前后生存质量进行评价。结果：中医证候疗效、病理组织学疗效治疗组分别为92.5%（37/40）、80.0%（32/40），对照组分别为77.5%（31/40）、55.0%（22/40），2组比较，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗组在生存质量中躯体疼痛（BP）、社交功能(SF)、情感职能（RE）3个方面的评分优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：化浊解毒中药治疗CAG临床疗效明显，并可提高患者生存质量。     

Comparison of soil moisture products from microwave remote sensing,land model,and reanalysis using global ground observations

High-quality soil moisture (SM) datasets are in great demand for climate, hydrology, and other fields, but detailed evaluation of SM products from various sources is scarce. Thus, using 670 SM stations worldwide, we evaluated and compared SM products from microwave remote sensing [Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) (C- and X-bands) and European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI)], land surface model [Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS)], and reanalysis data [ECMWF Re-Analysis-Interim (ERA-Interim) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)] under different time scales and various climates and land covers. We find that: (a) ESA CCI and GLDAS have the closest values to the in situ SM on the annual scale, whereas others overestimate the SM; ERA-Interim (averaged R = 0.58) and ESA CCI (averaged R = 0.54) correlate best with the in situ data, while GLDAS performs worst. (b) Overall, the deviations of each product vary in seasons. ESA CCI and ERA-Interim products are closer to the in situ SM at seasonal scales, and AMSR-E and NCEP perform worst in December–February and June–August, respectively. (c) Except for NCEP and ERA-Interim, others can well reflect the intermonthly variation of the in situ SM. (d) Under various climates and land covers, AMSR-E products are less effective in cold climates, whereas GLDAS and NCEP products perform poorly in arid or temperate and dry climates. Moreover, the Bias and R of each SM product differ obviously under different forest types, especially the AMSR-E products. In summary, SM from ESA CCI is the best, followed by ERA-Interim product, and precipitation is an important auxiliary data for selecting high-quality SM stations and improving the accuracy of SM from GLDAS. These results can provide a reference for improving the accuracy of the above SM products.     

Dynamic response of road pavement resting on a layered poroelastic half‐space to a moving traffic load

This paper is dedicated to study the dynamic response of a thin‐plate resting on a layered poroelastic half‐space under a moving traffic load. Based on the dynamic poroelastic theory of Biot, the general solutions of the homogeneous poroelastic foundation are obtained by Fourier translation. By using the transmission and reflection matrices method in the frequency domain, the equivalent stiffness of the layered poroelastic half‐space is presented. Kirchhoff's hypotheses are applied to obtain the vertical displacement of the thin plate. By using the inverse Fourier transform, the time domain solution is obtained. As an example of three layers, the influences of the load velocity, the material properties of poroelastic layers, and the flexural rigidity of the plate on the response of the pavement system are examined. Analyses show that a soft intermediate layer results in the significant increase of vertical displacement of road pavement. Comparison with the existing work validates the present model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

导波式雷达水位计在潮位观测中的应用

文中简要介绍了雷达水位计的测量原理、分类和技术特点,并将其中的导波式雷达水位计和非接触式雷达水位计与传统的浮子式水位计进行了比较,说明了导波式雷达水位计应用于一些特定条件下潮位观测的优势。基于导波式雷达水位计设计了一套水位观测系统。简要介绍了该水位观测系统的系统组成、硬件设计、软件设计。针对该水位观测系统进行了计量检定,并进行了现场安装试验。在现场实验中将导波式雷达水位计数据与浮子式水位计数据进行比较,说明了采用该设计方案进行潮位观测的可行性。     

天然水CaCO_3侵蚀量与沉淀量的计算

天然水ＣａＣＯ３侵蚀量与沉淀量的计算是岩溶地球化学研究中的一个重要问题，本文在指出有关文献对这一问题的处理存在严重问题的同时，提出了天然水ＣａＣＯ３侵蚀量与沉淀量计算的新方法。该方法以水溶液相对ＣＳＣＯ３饱和度的计算为基础，对ＣａＣＯ３溶解或沉淀所引起的水溶液ｐＨ值、组分的活度系数以及水溶液中各组分存在形式含量的变化统一地作了考虑，且区分开放系统与封闭系统两种不同的情况分别进行了计算。实际水样的计算结果表明，计算中若不考虑上述的种种变化，则计算结果的误差将是相当大的。     

四频率太阳射电高时间分辨率观测特征：微耀斑能量释放的证据

作为微耀斑能量释放的证据，本文扼要介绍了云南天文台“四频率太阳射电高时间分辨率同步观测系统”（１．４２，２．１３，２．８４和４．２６ＧＨｚ）１９８９年１２月－１９９３年４月的观测事例，包含低强度的毫秒尖峰辐射（ｍｓｓｐｉｋｅ），类尖峰辐射（ｓｐｉｋｅ－ｌｉｋｅ），快速脉动现象，两种新的快速精细结构──微波Ⅲ型爆和微波类斑点结构．统计了快速精细结构的寿命，在统计基础上分别以实例描述了各类现象的观测特征．     

High time resolution observations of solar radio emission at four frequencies: evidence for energy release in microflares

As evidence for energy release in microflares, high time resolution observations of solar radio emission obtained with our “synchronous observation system of solar radio radiation with high time resolution at four frequencies (1.42, 2.13, 2.84 and 4.26 GHz)” from December 1989 to April 1993 are presented in this paper. The observed events include weak ms spikes, “spike-likes”, fast pulsations as well as two kinds of newly discovered fast fine structures, i.e., microwave type III bursts and microwave patch-like structures. A statistical study of the duration of fast fine structures has been made and on its basis the various types of phenomena are illustrated with actual examples.     

云南天文台大气水汽含量的观测

简述了利用北京师范大学研制的ＩＲＡ－９３５型红外水气测量仪，对凤凰山上空垂直大气水汽积分含量Ｗ０的观测结果及精度。并且给出了Ｗ０的各种变化曲线，在旱季和雨季的Ｗ０分布。同时也给出了红外测水仪测得的数据Ｗ０与无线电探空资料计算得到的数据Ｗ０的比较相关。结果表明：凤凰山上空垂直大气积分水汽含量雨季平均为２．４９６ｃｍ，旱季平均为１．００３ｃｍ；Ｗ０与Ｗ’０的相关系数为０．９４２，测量误差小于５％。     

天然水开放与封闭系统中CaCO_3溶解或沉淀的水化学后果比较

本文以4个水样的水化学分析结果为例,对开放系统与封闭系统中CaCO_3溶解或沉淀所造成的水化学后果进行了计算和比较;在此基础上,还对天然条件下水中CaCO_3溶解或沉淀可能造成的水化学结果进行了讨论.