东川铜矿床同位素地球化学研究: I I.Pb-Pb、~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar法成矿年龄测定

由于成矿作用复杂和难以选取到适合于传统同位素地质年代学方法的测定对象，测定东川铜矿的成矿年龄是一个难题。本文采用Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ等时线法和４０Ａｒ－３９Ａｒ真空击碎法分别对矿石硫化物和石英流体包裹体进行了测定，获得了（７９４±３３）Ｍａ和（７１２±３３）Ｍａ的成矿年龄，反映了晋宁－澄江运动在东川铜矿床的形成或改造富化起着重要的作用。     

Isotopic characteristics of shoshonitic rocks in eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Petrogenesis and its tectonic implication Isotopic characteristics of shoshonitic rocks in eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Petrogenesis and its tectonic implication

The Cenozoic magmatic rocks of shoshonitic series in the easternQinghai-Tibet Plateau include potassic alkaline plutonic rocks, volcanic rocks, lamprophyres and acidic porphyries. Analytical results show that these different lithological rocks are extremely similar in Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions with the range of 0.705 187-0.707 254 for 87Sr/86Sr, 0.512 305-0.512 630 for 143Nd/144Nd, 18.53-18.97 for 206Pb/204Pb, 15.51-15.72 for 207Pb/204Pb and 38.38-39.24 for 208Pb/204Pb. They are isotopically similar to the EMII end-member. This indicates that mantle metasomatism must have taken place in their source region. The formation of these particular rocks is related to crustal thinning and mantle upwelling in a large-scale strike-slip and pull-apart fault zone at about 40 Ma in northern and eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.     

同位素地球化学急变带的形成机制与形成时代

构造、地球化学与地球物理综合分析表明同位素地球化学急变带分为构造显性与构造隐性两种类型，是深浅构造立交叠加的产物。中国大陆地球化学急变带形成于晚元古代 Rodinia 泛大陆拼结时期。地球化学急变带对资源分布起着重要制约作用。     

Longitudinal components of highly stressed magnetic fields in the active region NOAA 7640

Longitudinal components of highly stressed magnetic fields in the active region NOAA 7640 on 26 December, 1993 have been studied. A physical parameter is suggested for describing the longitudinal components recorded in longitudinal magnetograms obtained before and after a 1N/M1.5 flare. By means of this parameter, quantitative comparisons among the pre-flare magnetograms, the post-flare magnetograms, and filtergrams (in H) have been executed. The main results are as follows: firstly, the areas with high values of the parameter are near the regions with newly emerging magnetic flux. Secondly, the maximum values of the parameter in the areas and the sizes of the areas are evidently decreased after the flare. Finally, the original bright point of the flare is near the areas and the flare kernels cover the areas when the flare is growing. According to these results, we conclude that the variation of the parameter is connected with that of highly stressed magnetic fields in the region and directly related to the flare.     

Occurrences of Excess ^40Ar in Hydrothermal Tourmaline： Interpretations from ^40 Ar-^39Ar Dating Results by Stepwise Heating

The occurrences of excess ^40Ar within a hydrothermal tourmaline is discussed in term of the analysis data of syngenetic muscovite and tourmaline from the Lushui hydrothermal tin-tungsten deposit in western Yunnan, China, using the ^40Ar-^39Ar stepwise heating technique. About 80% excess ^40 Ar was released in the last step when the tourmaline was fused, corresponding to a release of only -3% ^39 Ar （K）, which indicates that most excess ^40 Ar was held in the mineral lattice rather than in the channels parallel to the Z-axis. This suggests that the excess ^40 Ar was incorporated during crystallization and not diffused into the tourmaline during the post-crystallization history.     

藏东玉龙铜矿带含矿斑岩及成岩系列

西藏东部新生代玉龙铜矿带含矿斑岩,包括玉龙、扎拉尕、莽总、多霞松多和马拉松多等,均为同期不同阶段侵入地质体构成的复式岩体。岩石类型有石英二长斑岩、二长花岗斑岩、正长花岗斑岩和碱长花岗斑岩。岩石化学成分均富碱（Ｎａ２Ｏ＋ｋ２Ｏ〉８％）、高钾和Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ比值远大于１等,属于碱性钾质系列,即钾玄岩系列。     

A comparative study of the hypoplasticity and the fabric‐dependent dilatant double shearing models for granular materials

In this paper, we consider the mechanical response of granular materials and compare the predictions of a hypoplastic model with that of a recently developed dilatant double shearing model which includes the effects of fabric. We implement the constitutive relations of the dilatant double shearing model and the hypoplastic model in the finite element program ABACUS/Explicit and compare their predictions in the triaxial compression and cyclic shear loading tests. Although the origins and the constitutive relations of the double shearing model and the hypoplastic model are quite different, we find that both models are capable of capturing typical behaviours of granular materials. This is significant because while hypoplasticity is phenomenological in nature, the double shearing model is based on a kinematic hypothesis and microstructural considerations, and can easily be calibrated through standard tests. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Latitude and Magnetic Flux Dependence of the Tilt Angle of Bipolar Regions

Magnetogram data of 517 bipolar active regions are analyzed to study latitude, magnetic flux, polarity separation dependence of tilt angle of the active regions with well-defined bipolar magnetic configurations. The data were obtained at Huairou Solar Observing Station in Beijing during 1988 to October 2001. By statistical analysis, it is found: (1) The tilt angle () is a function of the latitude (). Our observed result, sin=0.5 sin, is in good agreement with that obtained by Wang and Sheeley (1991). (2) The tilt angle is a function of the magnetic flux. The tilt angle increases (decreases) with flux increasing when the flux is smaller (larger) than 5×10²¹ Mx. (3) The tilt angle is a function of the magnetic polarity separation. The tilt angle increases (decreases) with the separation increasing when the separation is smaller (larger) than 8×10⁹ cm. (4) The magnetic flux ( in 10²⁰ Mx) is correlated to the magnetic polarity separation (d in Mm), following ₂₀d ^1.15. The result is close to the observed result of Wang and Sheeley (1989), ₂₀d ^1.3. (5) The tilt fluctuations are independent of the latitude, but depend slightly on the separation, which is similar to the result obtained by Fisher, Fan, and Howard (1995). (6) The distribution function of the ratio of net magnetic flux to total magnetic flux is almost centered around zero net flux. The imbalance of magnetic flux is lower than 10% for 47% of our samples; 31% of active regions are in imbalance of the magnetic flux between 10% and 20%.     

Topology of Magnetic Field and Coronal Heating in Solar Active Regions

Force-free magnetic fields can be computed by making use of a new numerical technique, in which the fields are represented by a boundary integral equation based on a specific Green's function. Vector magnetic fields observed on the photospheric surface can be taken as the boundary conditions of this equation. In this numerical computation, the following two points are emphasized: (1) A new method for data reduction is proposed, for removing uncertainties in boundary data and determining the parameter in this Green's function, which is important for solving the boundary integral equation. In this method, the transverse components of the observed boundary field are calibrated with a linear force-free field model without changing their azimuth. (2) The computed 3-D fields satisfy the divergence-free and force-free conditions with high precision. The alignment of these field lines is mostly in agreement with structures in Hα and Yohkoh soft X-ray images. Since the boundary data are calibrated with a linear force-free field model, the computed 3-D magnetic field can be regarded as a quasi-linear force-free field approximation. The reconstruction of 3-D magnetic field in active region NOAA 7321 was taken as an example to quantitatively exhibit the capability of our new numerical technique.     

Solar cycle distribution of great geomagnetic storms

The distribution properties of great geomagnetic storms (Dst≤−200 nT) and super geomagnetic storms (Dst≤−300 nT) across the solar cycles (19–23) are investigated. The results show that 73.2% of the great geomagnetic storms took place in the descending phase of the solar cycles. 72.7% of super geomagnetic storms occurred in the descending phase of the solar cycles. About 83% of the great geomagnetic storms appeared during the period from the two years before solar cycle peak and the three years after solar cycle peak time. 90.9% of the super geomagnetic storms appeared between the two years before solar cycle peak and the three years after solar cycle peak. When a solar cycle is very strong, the phenomenon that great geomagnetic storms concentrated during the period from the two years before the solar cycle peak time to the three years after the solar cycle peak time is very prominent. The launch time of space science satellite is suggested according to the distribution properties of great geomagnetic storms and super geomagnetic storms in solar cycles.