陕西翠华山山崩地貌遗迹特征及其珍稀性

翠华山山崩地貌,类型齐全,山崩活动具有多期性,可以识别出三期,断裂及地震是形成山崩的主因。得天独厚的地质地理条件使得山崩遗迹得以完整保留,巨石景观资源十分珍稀。经与全世界山崩地质遗迹比较,翠华山单个崩石体积居世界第一位;崩石堆积总体积居中国第一位、世界第三位;山崩地貌遗迹景观旅游资源居世界第一位,它是大自然留给人类的宝贵遗产。     

基于混合像元分解的毛乌素沙地红碱淖面积提取及变化监测

 基于混合像元分解法,利用Landsat卫星遥感数据提取红碱淖湖面面积,监测36 a来红碱淖湖面面积的动态变化。结果表明,1973—2009年红碱淖湖面面积总体减小19.7 km2,变化率为-34%。20世纪70年代,湖面面积较大且变化率较小,1974年湖面面积最大,为59.97 km2;80年代湖面面积开始大幅减小,变化率为-12.4%;90年代湖面面积缩小变慢,变化率为-10.6%;21世纪初,湖面面积萎缩迅速加快,变化率达-16.6%,2009年湖面面积仅为38.33 km2。2001—2002年内湖面面积变化情况监测表明,3—5月湖面面积较大,6—11月湖面面积逐渐缩小。2001年11月到2002年3月,湖面面积处于增大期,变化率为+2.2%;2001年5—11月、2002年3—11月面积缩小,变化率分别为-4.4%、-4.1%。     

MIS 3晚期以来江苏中部海岸的层序地层

通过对苏北岸外西洋潮流通道内钻孔和地震剖面的地层沉积学、年代地层学、地震地层学和层序地层学等多学科再研究,以及区域钻孔再对比,本文确定该海域约从35kaBP(14C惯用年龄)开始经历了滨岸砂坝、淡水湖沼、河流泛滥平原、滨岸沼泽、潮流沙脊和潮流通道一系列的环境演变,主要受控于MIS3晚期以来的海平面旋回以及古河流入海沉积物供给,而构造沉降是相对次要的,由此形成了五级层序地层中的末次冰期晚间冰阶准层序和冰后期准层序,以及前者的高水位体系域和强制海退楔体系域、后者的海侵体系域和高水位体系域。海域中潮流沙脊可能开始发育于冰后期海侵淹没本区(约9calkaBP)之后,但一直只是水下暗沙且处在不断调整之中,直到1128～1855AD间黄河夺淮从苏北入黄海,大量泥沙充填潮道,部分水下暗沙出露海面成为明沙。西洋潮流通道并非是晚全新世期间通过沙脊的蚀低而形成,而在全新世高海面前后就已具雏形并持续至1128AD,1128～1855AD和1855AD至今分别经历了充填淤浅与冲刷成型的过程,且今后具有进一步展宽刷深的趋势。     

A Nonlinear Rheological Model of Soft Clay and Its Application in Settlement of Sunk Ship

A one-dimensional consolidation-creep model test on the creep deformation of soft muddy clay in the littoral area of Tianjin is performed. A nonlinear rheologic model is established and the model coefficients are determined, in consideration of the characteristics of soft muddy clay. Furthermore, a settlement equation is deduced from the theologic model and verified by the field settlement measurements of Beitang Reservoir dam in Tianjin littoral area. Finally, the settlement e- quation is applied in calculating the settlement of ＂FAIRWAY-＂ suction dredger, which sunk in the external channel of Tianjin Port, induced by the soft clay consolidation of seabed. These results provide useful information for the decision of salvage plan.     

Application of importance sampling method in sliding failure simulation of caisson breakwaters

It is assumed that the storm wave takes place once a year during the design period, and N histories of storm waves are generated on the basis of wave spectrum corresponding to the N-year design period. The responses of the breakwater to the N histories of storm waves in the N-year design period are calculated by mass-spring-dashpot mode and taken as a set of samples. The failure probability of caisson breakwaters during the design period of N years is obtained by the statistical analysis of many sets of samples. It is the key issue to improve the efficiency of the common Monte Carlo simulation method in the failure probability estimation of caisson breakwaters in the complete life cycle. In this paper, the kernel method of importance sampling, which can greatly increase the efficiency of failure probability calculation of caisson breakwaters, is proposed to estimate the failure probability of caisson breakwaters in the complete life cycle. The effectiveness of the kernel method is investigated by an example. It is indicated that the calculation efficiency of the kernel method is over 10 times the common Monte Carlo simulation method.     

广州新垦莲藕产区莲藕品质与地球化学条件的关系

名优特农产品品质与产区环地质背景条件密切相关。广州新垦莲藕是国家地理标志产品,探讨其产区地质背景与莲藕品质的关系对于新垦莲藕的规模化种植有重要意义。本文通过系统采集新垦莲藕产地藕塘底泥、地表水、新鲜莲藕样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱/发射光谱法（ICP-MS/OES）等多种技术进行测试,开展品质评价研究,初步揭示了新垦莲藕品质与产区环境地球化学条件之间的相关性。研究结果表明：藕塘底泥中营养元素锰、锌、钼、钴、钒、铁均处在一等（丰富）等级,硒以适量和高硒等级为主,重金属铬、铜、汞、镍、铅、锌均低于农用地土壤污染风险筛选值;藕塘地表水中铜、锌、硒、硼、汞、镉、砷、六价铬、铅、镍等指标均满足灌溉水质要求;产出的新垦莲藕淀粉、可溶性糖、钾、磷、钙、镁、铁、锌、硒的含量较高,重金属和粗纤维含量较低;莲藕对底泥中不同元素生物富集系数平均值范围为0.0484~65.67,对磷的富集能力最强,对锗的富集能力最弱。藕塘底泥中硼与莲藕中淀粉显著正相关（p≤0.05）,钙与蛋白质显著性正相关,砷与可溶性糖显著负相关。藕塘底泥中硼钴铁镁锰钒钙锗的含量较高,有利于莲藕营养组分的积累,产出高品质的莲藕。本文提出在种植过程中重视有机质、钙、氮和锗等养分的补充,关注镉和砷带来的潜在生态安全风险。     

鄂东北地区沉积变质型锰矿矿物学特征和地球化学特征

扬子陆块北缘的鄂东北地区是湖北省沉积变质型锰矿集中区,发育了广水—黄陂—蕲春SEE-NWW向元古代沉积变质锰矿带,锰矿赋存于新元古界红安岩群中。本文以鹰咀山锰矿床、四方山锰矿床及孙冲锰矿床为例,分析研究其矿物学特征和地球化学特征,以便为总结该区锰矿床成矿环境及成矿物质来源提供帮助。研究表明,锰矿石矿物主要为菱锰矿、软锰矿、硬锰矿、黑锰矿、锰铝榴石等;矿石化学组分多样,Co、Ni、Zn、Sr、Ba、U等元素相对富集。锰矿石的w(Th)/w(U)、w(V)/w(Cr)值反映锰矿形成于弱氧化-还原的沉积环境;w(SiO2)/w(Al2O3)、w(Fe+Mn)/w(Ti)、w(Fe)/w(Ti)、w(Al)/w(Fe+Mn+Al)、w(Y)/w(Ho)、w(La)/w(Ce)特征值,以及w(SiO2)—w(Al2O3)图解、w(Fe)/w(Ti)—w(Al)/w(Fe+Mn+Al)图解,均反映其成矿过程中有热水物质参与。因此,鄂东北地区的沉积变质型锰矿形成于弱氧化-还原性沉积环境,有热水(液)活动参与成矿作用并提供了丰富的物质来源。     

焦桐

我不知道在植物的王国或者在植物的族谱里有没有你的名字我不知道在世界上的其他地方人们对一棵树也可以付诸情感让它随人姓     

Numerical Simulation on Oscillation-Sliding-Uplift Rock Coupled Motion of Caisson Breakwater Under Wave Excitation

Corresponding to the sliding and the overturning failure, the elementary motion modes of caisson breakwater include the horizontal-rotational oscillation coupled motion, the horizontal sliding-rotational oscillation coupled motion, the horizontal vibrating-uplift rocking coupled motion, and the horizontal sliding-uplift rocking coupled motion. The motion mode of a caisson will transform from one to another depending on the wave forces and the motion behaviors of the caisson. The numerical models of four motion modes of caisson are developed, and the numerical simulation procedure for joint motion process of various modes of caisson breakwater under wave excitation is presented and tested by a physical model experiment . It is concluded that the simulation procedure is reliable and can be applied to the dynamic stability analysis of caisson breakwaters.