利用InSAR-GIS监测西安地面沉降的分析研究

针对合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术在监测地表形变的数据后处理及成果表达和分析方面存在的一些局限性问题,研究通过GIS数据库管理InSAR监测数据和相关区域的地理、水准及GPS数据等辅助数据,以及利用GIS空间分析功能对监测结果进行分析的方法与实现。以西安地区InSAR数据为研究对象对提出的方法进行实现,试验结果表明,GIS技术与InSAR技术相结合用于地面沉降监测可以有效地解决在监测地表形变的数据后处理及成果表达和分析方面的局限性问题。     

GIS支持下的建筑设计企业ISO贯标信息化开发研究

本文从建筑设计企业ISO贯标信息化工作实际需求,针对行业ISO贯标特点,探讨了在GIS支持下建筑设计企业ISO贯标信息化的可能性和可行性,并在此基础上开发了一个ISO贯标信息管理系统。实践表明,将GIS集成到ISO贯标工作是切实可行和有效的。     

配电网GIS管理系统的设计与应用

针对目前配电网管理中空间数据管理薄弱,各部门共享性低的问题,将地理信息系统技术与Oracle数据库管理相结合,充分发挥了GIS在空间查询、统计和分析等方面的优势,具有灵活显示图形信息、修改报表结构和属性信息、提供所需的供电范围分析、GPS电力线路巡检等功能,为配电网运行提供了良好的可视化管理与决策手段。     

基于全极化SAR影像的舰船目标检测算法研究

介绍了基于星载极化SAR影像的舰船目标检测的处理流程,针对基于不同杂波模型的CFAR检测法和基于相干信息的2L-IHP检测法,分析实现了瑞利分布、Gauss分布、韦布尔分布、对数正态分布,四种常用杂波分布模型的CA-CFAR检测法,通过实验检测海面舰船目标,发现这四种杂波模型针对不同海况有着不同的适应性,其检测效果也大不相同。而2L-IHP检测法不依赖于海杂波模型,通过子孔径相干提高目标和背景之间的对比度,实验结果表明,该方法能大幅提高海面舰船目标的检测概率。     

重庆电网GIS平台建设

重庆电网GIS平台运用国产软件搭建网省信息化平台,完成了数据准备、软硬件环境、平台实施部署、应用系统集成等内容,该文介绍了其主要功能和关键技术。     

“天绘一号”卫星测绘相机在轨几何定标

卫星在空间环境运转过程中, 测绘相机的几何参数会发生不可预估的变化, 从而对摄影测量定位精度和数据处理精度产生影响。因此, 所有测绘卫星都对星载相机的几何参数进行在轨定标, 监测相机几何参数在轨运行状态下的变化情况。本文着重介绍了“天绘一号”卫星在轨几何定标的内容和采用的方法。     

Modelling the sensitivity of wheat growth and water balance to climate change in Southeast Australia

A simulation study was carried out to assess the potential sensitivity of wheat growth and water balance components to likely climate change scenarios at Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia. Specific processes considered include crop development, growth rate, grain yield, water use efficiency, evapotranspiration, runoff and deep drainage. Individual impacts of changes in temperature, rainfall and CO₂ concentration ([CO₂]) and the combined impacts of these three variables were analysed for 2050 ([CO₂] = 570 ppm, T +2.3°C, P ?7%) and 2070 ([CO₂] = 720 ppm, T +3.8°C, P ?10%) conditions. Two different rainfall change scenarios (changes in rainfall intensity or rainfall frequency) were used to modify historical rainfall data. The Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) was used to simulate the growth and water balance processes for a 117 year period of baseline, 2050 and 2070 climatic conditions. The results showed that wheat yield reduction caused by 1°C increase in temperature and 10% decrease in rainfall could be compensated by a 266 ppm increase in [CO₂] assuming no interactions between the individual effects. Temperature increase had little impact on long-term average water balance, while [CO₂] increase reduced evapotranspiration and increased deep drainage. Length of the growing season of wheat decreased 22 days in 2050 and 35 days in 2070 conditions as a consequence of 2.3°C and 3.8°C increase in temperature respectively. Yield in 2050 was approximately 1% higher than the simulated baseline yield of 4,462 kg ha^???1, but it was 6% lower in 2070. An early maturing cultivar (Hartog) was more sensitive in terms of yield response to temperature increase, while a mid-maturing cultivar (Janz) was more sensitive to rainfall reduction. Janz could benefit more from increase in CO₂ concentration. Rainfall reduction across all rainfall events would have a greater negative impact on wheat yield and WUE than if only smaller rainfall events reduced in magnitude, even given the same total decrease in annual rainfall. The greater the reduction in rainfall, the larger was the difference. The increase in temperature increased the difference of impact between the two rainfall change scenarios while increase in [CO₂] reduced the difference.     

北疆积雪深度和积雪日数的变化趋势

 选取新疆北疆20个站1961-2006年积雪及稳定积雪日数、最大积雪深度资料,同时选择冬季降水量和气温稳定通过0℃以下的日数作为积雪的影响因子,分析了46 a来北疆积雪的变化趋势。结果表明：46 a来最大积雪深度呈显著增加趋势,平均年增长0.8%,其变化与冬季降水量增加有关,呈正相关;积雪日数和稳定积雪日数也呈稍增加趋势,增加主要发生在1960-1980年代,1990年代以来有所减少,其变化与气温稳定通过0℃以下的日数呈显著正相关。     

IMPACTS OF TWO TROPICAL CYCLONES EXPERIENCING EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION DURING NORTHWARD PROGRESSION ON THE RAINFALL OF LIAODONG PENINSULA

Both of Typhoon Winnie (9711) and Matsa (0509) underwent an extratropical transition (ET) process when they moved northward after landfall and affected Liaodong Peninsula. However, Matsa produced half as much rainfall as Winnie, although it struck Liaodong Peninsula directly while Winnie passed through the Bohai Sea. The relations between the ET processes and the precipitation over Liaodong Peninsula are examined. The result shows that the precipitation difference between Winnie and Matsa was closely related to the interactions between the westerly systems and typhoons during their ET processes. Winnie was captured by the upper westerly trough and then coupled with it when moving to the mid-latitudes, and the positive anomaly of moist potential vorticity (MPV) was transported downward from the upper troposphere over the remnant circulation of the tropical cyclone (TC). It was favorable to the interaction between tropical warm and wet air and westerly cold air, causing convective cloud clusters to form and develop. The rain belt composed of several meso-β cloud clusters over the Liaodong Peninsula, resulting in heavy rainfall. On the other hand, Matsa did not couple with any upper trough during its ET process and the positive anomaly of MPV in the upper troposphere and its downward transfer were weak. Only one meso-β cloud cluster occurred in Matsa’s rain belt during its ET process that tended to lessen rainfall over Liaodong Peninsula.     

陆面过程模型CoLM与区域气候模式RegCM3的耦合及初步评估

陆面过程通过影响陆面和大气之间物质（如,水分）和能量的交换影响气候, 其参数化方案对数值天气预报、全球及区域气候模拟有重要影响。本研究利用对生物物理、生物化学过程考虑更全面的陆面模式Common Land Model(CoLM) 替代区域气候模式RegCM3原有的陆面模式BATS, 发展了耦合区域气候模式C－RegCM3; 将其应用于东亚地区典型洪涝年份夏季气候模拟以进行评估, 结果表明新耦合的模式C－RegCM3能合理模拟大尺度环流场、近地表气温和降水的分布特征, 对西北半干旱地区降水模拟比RegCM3有所改进。通过利用区域气候模式C－RegCM3及RegCM3对地表能量和水文过程模拟结果的比较, 发现在半干旱、半湿润过渡区C－RegCM3模拟的潜热增大、感热减小; 模拟的地表吸收太阳辐射差异较明显的地区位于模式模拟的主要雨区; C-RegCM3在上述过渡区模拟的夏季地表土壤湿度比RegCM3偏干, 这与它在过渡区降水模拟偏少、蒸散发模拟偏大相对应, 体现了该模式在半干旱、半湿润过渡带模拟出比RegCM3更明显的局地土壤湿度－降水－蒸散发之间的正反馈作用。