Labile organic matter content and distribution as affected by six-year soil amendments to eroded Chinese mollisols

Labile organic carbon （LOC） is a fraction of soil organic carbon （SOC） with rapid turnover time and is affected by soil fertilization. This investigation characterized the SOC content, LOC content and LOC distribution in the treatment plots of surface soil erosion at five levels （0-, 5-, 10-, 20- and 30-cm erosion）. The soil had received contrasting fertilizer treatments （i.e., chemical fertilizer or chemical fertilizer ＋ manure） for 6 years. This study demonstrated that both SOC and various LOC fractions contents were higher in the plots with fertilizer ＋ manure than in those with fertilizer alone under the same erosion conditions. The SOC and LOC contents de- creased as the erosion depth increased. Light fraction organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, easily oxidizable organic carbon （KMnO4-oxydizable organic carbon）, and microbial biomass carbon were 27% 57%, 37%-7%, 20%-25%, and 29%-33% higher respectively in the fertilizer ＋ manure plots, than in the fertilizer alone plots. Positive correlations （p 〈 0.05） between SOC content and different fractions contents were observed in all plots except the correlation between total SOC content and water-soluble organic carbon content in the different fertilization treatments. Obviously, fertilizer ＋ manure treatments would be conducive to the accumulation of LOC and SOC in the Black soil of Northeast China.     

具有随机状态转移矩阵的Kalman滤波

讨论状态转移矩阵为随机性矩阵时的Kalman滤波方法,并给出滤波的具体算法及分析滤波的收敛特性和参数的取值范围。通过实际算例证实了该滤波方法的有效性。     

基于MRPs无陀螺卫星姿态确定的抗差估计算法

针对精确航天器姿态问题,采用修正罗德里格参数(MRPs)表示姿态,用动力学方程进行角速率的传播,分别基于等价协方差和观测残差统计特性的协方差调整方法,实现UKF算法的抗差效果,并通过仿真验证该方法的有效性。仿真结果表明：在含有粗差的情况下,两种抗差UKF算法均能得到稳定的状态估计值,而第二种方法计算效率更高。     

规范化管理在枣庄市薛城区煤矿发展中的应用

根据枣庄市薛城区辖区内煤矿开采资源储量将近枯竭的现状,阐述了实施规范化管理,增强矿井发展潜力的必要性。针对矿井实际情况,建立了一整套的管理制度考核机制,并通过实施规范化管理,促进矿井的安全生产,使该矿的经济效益和社会效益有了明显提高。     

永定河官厅水库下游河道内生态需水量研究

作为北京市母亲河的永定河自上个世纪80年代以来三家店以下一直处于断流,河床裸露、河道两岸土地沙化严重,是北京春季沙尘天气的主要沙源之一,由于地下水超采严重,加之无水补给地下水,使得北京西部地区第四纪地下水已经基本枯竭,永定河的生态系统已经受到严重破坏。要想恢复或治理受损的河道生态环境,作为生态系统中最活跃最重要的水分多少要先算清楚。本文采用湿周法计算了永定河官厅水库下游三个控制断面(官厅水库(坝下)、雁翅、卢沟桥)的河道内生态需水流量,计算结果为:官厅水库(坝下)站的河道内流量为3.7m~3 s~(-1)。(平水年P=50%,1978年),占年平均流量的20.7%,雁翅站的河道内流量为4.1m~3 s~(-1)(平水年P=50%,1981年),占年平均流量的20.1%,卢沟桥站的河道内流量为1.3m~3 s~(-1)(平水年P=50%,1978年),占年平均流量的22.1%。若能按照计算的流量来补充河道水量,即可使永定河恢复其基本的生态功能,按照Tennant法的标准,基本能使当地的河道生态系统处于较为良好的状态。     

The convergence of GIS and social media: challenges for GIScience

It is hard to believe that 10 years have passed since we wrote our guest editorial for IJGIS (Sui and Goodchild 2001 Sui, D.Z. and Goodchild, M.F. 2001. Are GIS becoming new media?. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 15(5): 387–390. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Using the nascent evidence that emerged in the late 1990s, we speculated back in 2001 that geographic information systems (GIS) were rapidly becoming part of the mass media. On the basis of the proposition of GIS as media, we were able to link GIScience with theories in media studies such as Marshall McLuhan's law of the media, which considers modern media as modifiable perceptive extensions of human thought (Sui and Goodchild 2003 Sui, D.Z. and Goodchild, M.F. 2003. A tetradic analysis of GIS and society using McLuhan's law of media. Canadian Geographers, 47(1): 5–17. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Remarkable conceptual and technological advances in GIS have been made during the past 10 years. The goal of this review is to provide an update on the ‘GIS as media’ argument we made 10 years ago and to discuss the new challenges for GIScience posed by the growing convergence of GIS and social media.     

贵州松桃高地超大型锰矿床绿色勘查探索与实践

本文选择贵州松桃高地锰矿作为研究对象,从实际情况出发,编写了实施方案,在勘查过程中,分别从现场分区规划、道路修筑、生活区、工作区、安全环保文化建设、水资源保护以及固体废弃物管理七个方面进行具体实施,采用"一基多孔"技术,选择环保型清洗液,对开挖的地块进行了复垦复绿工作,整个勘查过程实现了生态环境的保护,环境恢复治理的落实,和谐地勘的推广。绿色勘查取得成功表明,通过实施绿色勘查可以最大限度的减少勘查工作对生态环境的扰动和影响,实现了资源勘查和生态环境双赢。     

干旱区绿洲生态脆弱性评价方法及应用研究——以吐鲁番绿洲为例

依据干旱区绿洲生态环境特点,建立了完整的生态脆弱性评价指标体系。结合GIS和遥感技术,分别从生态压力、生态敏感度和生态稳定度3方面对研究区生态脆弱性进行分析,并运用综合指数法、层次分析法得出综合评价结果。结果表明,研究区80%以上的区域已达到中度脆弱级别,近1/6的区域为重度脆弱区,在分布上呈现从东向西明显增加的特点。生态脆弱性表现出了显著的土地利用效应,随着脆弱度等级的增加,荒漠化面积所占比例大幅度提高。进行荒漠化治理、保证生态用水是吐鲁番绿洲生态建设的关键。     

Automatic change detection for road networks from images based on GIS

Up to now, detailed strategies and algorithms of automatic change detection for road networks based on GIS have not been discussed. This paper discusses two different strategies of automatic change detection for images with low resolution and high resolution using old GIS data, and presents a buffer detection and tracing algorithm for detecting road from low-resolution images and a new profile tracing algorithm for detecting road from high-resolution images. For feature-level change detection (FL-CD), a so-called buffer detection algorithm is proposed to detect changes of features. Some ideas and algorithms of using GIS prior information and some context information such as substructures of road in high-resolution images to assist road detection and extraction are described in detail.