Dynamics of ecosystems and anthropogenic drivers in the Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem

<正>In the developed world, governance of marine ecological environment is the important part of the national ecological and economic outcome. The Yellow Sea is one of large marine ecosystems in the seas of East Asia, which is an extension of one of the largest continental shelf areas, and forms a huge but shallow sediment body in its south area which is geographically unique in the world. As a region with the most fragile natural environment, unparalleled global ecological significance and...     

A comparative study on a simple two-parameter monthly water balance model and the Kajiyama formula for monthly runoff estimation

ABSTRACT

A two-parameter monthly water balance model to simulate runoff can be used for a water resources planning programme and climate impact studies. However, the model estimates two parameters of transformation of time scale (c) and of the field capacity (SC) by a trial-and-error method. This study suggests a modified methodology to estimate the parameters c and SC using the meteorological and geological conditions. The modified model is compared with the Kajiyama formula to simulate the runoff in the Han River and International Hydrological Programme representative basins in South Korea. We show that the estimated c and SC can be used as the initial or optimal values for the monthly runoff simulation study in the model.

EDITOR M.C. Acreman; ASSOCIATE EDITOR S. Kanae     

Characterization and sources of extractable organic matter from sediment cores of an urban lake (Tasik Perdana), Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia

The extractable organic matter of sediment samples from six sampling sites in Lake Perdana, Kuala Lumpur, was analyzed to characterize the source inputs. The analysis of aliphatic homologous series indicated that terrestrial higher plant waxes can be assigned as the major sources of the identified aliphatic components in the lake sediments. The presence of an unresolved complex mixture of branched and cyclic compounds and a series of hopanes ranging from C₂₇ to C₃₅ reflected the contamination by petroleum residues from urban vehicular emissions brought in by runoff and fallout. The steroids present included stenols and stanols and showed an input of organic matter from higher plants. The detected pentacyclic triterpenoids comprised oleanane, ursane, lupane and friedelane skeletons including unsaturated oxygenated, mono-, di- and triaromatic counterparts. They are recognized as biomarkers for angiosperms. The presence of des-A-triterpenoids and their aromatized derivatives as the major diagenetic products of triterpenoids reflected the degradation of natural organic matter in the sediments occurring under mainly anoxic conditions. In addition, the presence of tetrahymanol and ββ-bishomohopan-32-ol indicated a minor algal/plankton and bacterial input to the sediments.     

Effects of Green Light on the Stress Response of Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus under Clove Oil Anesthesia

Ocean Science Journal - Clove oil (CO) is an effective anesthetic. Many hatcheries and research studies use clove oil to immobilize fish for artificial reproduction and surgery to suppress their...     

Identification and characterization of the encrusting materials in a coastal liquefied petroleum gas storage cavern

An examination was carried out of the encrusting materials on the seepage removal pumps in a bottom sump of an undersea liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cavern. The studied cavern, constructed at 8 km off the western coast of Korea, facing the Yellow Sea, is at 130–150 m below the seabed. Since the first filling of the LPG into the cavern, it has suffered from the unexpected problem of a thick encrustation of unknown materials on the seepage removal pumps of the cavern. The XRD and XRF analyses revealed that the encrustation materials were mainly iron (hydro)oxides and carbonate mineral (aragonite). Based on the geological setting below the cavern site, it was inferred that iron oxides found in the Pleistocene sandy sediment and the Precambrian gneiss might be supplying ferrous iron to the cavern waters under an anaerobic condition, evidenced by low dissolved oxygen and negative redox potential in the cavern water. A significant change in the hydraulic condition near the pump intake and mixing the cavern water with oxic waters supplied through re-circulated seawater and terrestrial groundwater discharge, would precipitate the dissolved iron. Precipitation of the carbonate mineral is thought to have occurred due to over-saturation of calcium and bicarbonate, which may have resulted from the dissolution of cement grouting materials used during the undersea cavern construction and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). This study reports the iron and carbonate precipitation in the man-made undersea cavern, which is affected by the surrounding hydrogeological condition and the SGD.