城市人口的遥感估算方法

常规人口估算方法耗时、费力、财物消耗大且周期长,况且,仅靠少数年份的人口统计资料也是难以准确揭示人口状况的。尽管应用遥感方法估算人口的历史并不长,精度也还不高,但已显示了其优越性。遥感估算人口的主要原理如下。 (1)美国国防卫星及NOAA卫星的热红外通道图像说明,人口分布及其数量与城市耗能量(人工热源)相关,而耗能量又与图像灰度相关;(2)城市人口的膨胀与城市面积的扩展相关;(3)像片上进行住宅计数,用人口普查资料或抽样调查方法确定每户平均人数则可进行人口估算;4)人口密度大小也反映在人工结构物及自然物体的波谱反射率差异上,据此可建立人口数量与反射率的回归方程。     

东昆仑活动断裂带东段古地震活动特征

东昆仑活动断裂托索湖——玛曲以东肯定那一带， 可据阿尼玛卿玛积峰为界再分为花石峡段和玛沁段两个在几何上不连续的段落. 两段在表征断层全新世活动特征的古地震事件方面有明显差异， 花石峡段的地震活动性明显高于玛沁段的地震活动性. 古地震研究表明， 花石峡段上3次强震活动相邻两次地震发生的时间间隔分别约为500 a和640 a， 玛沁段上最近两次古地震事件间大致有1 000 a左右的时间间隔. 根据断层平均滑动速率计算的花石峡段7.5级地震的平均复发间隔为411~608 a， 相对应的同震平均水平位错约为（5.75plusmn;0.57）m. 虽然玛沁段的地震活动性较弱， 但由于该段上最近一次地震事件离现在较为久远， 已经积累的应变能应该使我们对其未来地震危险性的分析有足够重视.      

平极长期漂移与地球平均下地幔黏性估计

利用9个国际纬度观测站的平纬长期变化序列,重新讨论并估计了平极的长期漂移,得到漂移的平均速率为(3.356“±0.142”)×l0-3/a,方向为西经78.7°±2.5°.进一步基于最新的ICE-4G冰期后地壳反弹模型,采用地球上8个冰盖的冰融参数,估计了理论的平极长期漂移方向为西经74.8°.由观测的平极长期漂移速率为约束,基于1066B地球模型,估计得到地球平均下地幔的黏性为vLM=(0.5-1.7)×1022Pa^.s,表明vLM应具有近1022Pa^.s量级,并认为地球平极的长期漂移很可能是由最近的21000年以来冰期后的地壳反弹所致.     

藻类勃发—湖相油源岩形成的一种重要机制

浮游藻类是重要的湖相生油母质，本文以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷早第三纪湖相生油岩为例，研究了其中藻类（主要是颗石藻和沟鞭藻＿化石的分布特征，并通过与现代水体中藻类生产和沉积作用的比较，探讨了生油湖泊中藻类生产和沉积方式及其对油源岩形成所起的控制作用，结果显示，藻类勃发现象在早第三纪生油湖泊中相当普遍，而且贯穿于各类油源岩的形成过程，这类快速事件性沉积是湖相油源岩形成的一种重要机制。     

Determination of active units with different kinematic property and their activity pattern in North China based on the data from GPS remeasurements

IntroductionWith the most feasible and powerful technical support provided by the high-precision GPS measurement for the study on horizontal crustal deformation, the obtainment of various-scale horizontal movement data and its study over the whole world is now in the ascendant, and its applicable fields is now expanding successively. In China, besides the GPS monitoring networks for different applications arranged by many agencies and departments, the key scientific project Crustal Movement…     

The Green''''s function of the harmonic horizontal force applied at the interior of the saturated half-space soil

IntroductionThe wave propagation problems in saturated soil are very important for the civil engineering, geophysics and seismology. Biot (1956,1962) established the theory of wave propagation in saturated soil firstly, and hereafter many researchers have used Biot theory to study wave propagation problems in saturated soil. By using integral transform and potential function method, Philippacopoulos (1988) studied the Lamb(s problem of a vertical point force applied to the surface of saturate…     

SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS ON ATMOSPHERIC ANOMALY OF THE TROPICAL INDIAN AND PACIFIC OCEANS IN NORTHERN WINTER

In terms of observational analysis and numerical simulations,study is performed of thesynergistic effects of the tropical Indian Ocean and Pacific SSTA on the atmosphere in northern win-ter.It turns out that the SSTA features show in-phase variation for the Indian Ocean and the central/eastern Pacific at low latitudes and anti-phase change compared with that in the neighborhood of thewestern Pacific“warming pool”.When negative SSTA in the western Pacific and positive SSTA inthe central/eastern Pacific and the Indian Ocean are available,the 500 hPa height anomaly exhibits awave train of a positive-negative-positive anomaly following a great-circle path emanating from thesubtropical western Pacific via the NW portion to North America,with enhanced westerly jet overmidlatitude East Asia and the NW Pacific,and v.v.The comparison to the results from the numeri-cal modeling of the tropical western Pacific SSTA reveals the importance of the synergistic effects ofthe oceans on atmospheric circulations.     

软土后生作用的探讨

讨论了软土地区的褐黄色硬壳层、暗绿色硬土层和所谓“次生硬土”等特殊土层的成因,提出后生作用对软土改造的观点。这类土往往是建构筑物的天然地基或桩基持力层,因此进一步搞清其成因变化将是研究土力学和工程特性的重要地质学基础。     

上海及邻近地区介质参数的研究

在频率域里研究了上海及邻近地区的Q值、小震震源参数,初步得到如下结果:①以上海佘山为中心,平均直达P波Q值呈方向性分布。在相同震中距下,上海西面溧阳方向(?)值较高,上海北部南黄海方向(?)值较低;溧阳和南黄海地震活跃区域的(?)值比其邻近地震相对不活跃区域的偏高,②相同震级的地震相比之下,上海—溧阳方向的地震破裂尺度小,上海—南黄海方向的地震破裂尺度大;并且震级在2.5—4.0级之间的地震,破裂尺度的数值溧阳的比较集中,南黄海的则比较离散。     

TRANSPORT OF THE SUSPENDED SEDIMENT IN THE CHANGJIANG ESTUARY

The Changjiang River is characterized by the enormous volume of runoff and the great amount of sediment load with remarkable seasonal variation. The annual runoff sometimes is respondent to the amount of sediment load, and sometimes not. The amount of monthly sediment load after the month of the maximum runoff is larger than those before the month. The sediment concentration and net quantity of sediment transport in the vicinity of the river mouth varies greatly in time between the ebb and flood, spring and neap, and dry seasons and flood seasons. The three bifurcations also have differences in concentration and net quantity in space. Even in the same bifurcation they have differences in and out of the sand bar. At present, the North Channel is the main passage for water and sediment load emptying into the sea from the Changjiang River. More than 50 percent of the sediments from the river basin are deposited nearby the South Branch entrance and the main depositional area is situated in subaqueous delta off the South Channel. Between 122°30'E and 123°E is an important boundary for eastward sediment dispersion from which the suspended sediment are dispersed towards the east by south.