Research advances in eco-hydrological process and function

Present studies on the coupling relationship and hydrology mechanism between basin ecosystem and hydrological process has become an international research frontier in hydrology. This paper investigates this coupling relationship, and also summarizes research and presents a method of combining isotopic technology with hydro-chemical methods, for the study of eco-hydrological process and function in different landscape zones. We then examine research trends for future direction and development of this field.     

能见度气象监测数据质量检查方法初探

运用河北省境内103套交通气象监测站逐分钟的能见度气象监测数据,结合气象台站自动站和人工观测资料,探讨了能见度气象监测数据的质量问题和质量检查方法。归纳出3类能见度监测数据的质量问题,提出允许值检查、时间一致性检查、内部一致性检查、空间一致性检查、人为识别法等几种可用于能见度气象监测数据的质量检查方法,同时给出了雾和强降雨造成的低能见度数据质量检查和控制指标。     

动物型溶菌酶研究新进展

溶菌酶可以分解连接N-乙酰胞壁酸(NAM)和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖(NAG)残基之间的β-1,4糖苷键。g型、c型和i型溶菌酶是3种动物型溶菌酶。近年来,越来越多的报道表明这3种类型的溶菌酶在动物界广泛存在,g型和c型溶菌酶主要存在于脊椎动物中,i型溶菌酶仅存在于无脊椎动物中,部分物种中同时存在2种动物型溶菌酶。本文简要概述了溶菌酶在动物各物种中的存在情况和组织分布情况、基因组结构与系统进化以及溶菌酶抑制剂的研究新进展。     

Seasonal changes in sea ice conditions along the Northeast Passage in 2007 and 2012

Remote sensing data from passive microwave and satellite-based altimeters, associated with the data measured underway, were used to characterize seasonal and spatial changes in sea ice conditions along...     

阳泉市城市化发展对日照时数影响的分析

针对山西省阳泉市平定近年日照时数异常减少的情况,利用阳泉市3个地面气象站资料,从影响日照时数的气象因素和社会发展因素出发,比较分析了阳泉市各地城市化发展对日照时数影响的差别,找出平定日照时数异常减少的原因。结果表明:在霾日数、总云量、降水量、相对湿度等相关的气象要素中,平定日照时数的变化与霾日数相关性最强;平定、阳泉日照时数与霾日数显著负相关,日照时数的大幅减少与霾日数的大幅增加相伴;平定、阳泉主要城市发展因子与霾日数显著正相关,与日照时数显著负相关,城市化发展使平定、阳泉大气污染物增加、霾日数增加、大气透明度下降、日照时数减少。城市化发展对日照时数的影响与城市化发展速度及地理地形形成的大气污染扩散条件有关。平定城市化急剧发展与山间盆地地形的共同因素导致平定日照时数异常减少。     

Real-Time Observation on Water-Soluble Ions of PM_(2.5)in Beijing under the Influences of Different Air Masses in Summer

To further understand the variations of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 in Beijing,the authors observed their concentrations continuously and in high temporal resolution by the system for rapid collection of fine particles and ion chromatography(RCFP-IC) during 12–18 July 2010.These results combined with those of earlier backward trajectory research are used analyzed to determine the causes of concentration changes in water-soluble ions under the influences of two kinds of air masses in summer.The results indicate that concentrations of NO3-,SO42-,and NH4+ were influenced strongly by the continental air mass than by the marine air mass.Cl- and Na+ were not changed significantly.Because the sources of K+,Mg2+,and Ca2+ are mainly concentrated on land,their concentration levels were slightly higher under the control of continental air mass than that of the marine air mass.Variations of NO2- during the observation differed from those of other ions;its concentration was significantly higher under the influence of marine air mass.Moreover,the authors obtain the diurnal variations of eight water-soluble inorganic ions including NH4+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Cl-,NO2-,NO3-,and SO42-.Diurnal variations of NH4+,NO3-,and Cl- showed single peak,which appeared before noon,while SO42- showed two peaks that appeared during rush hours.Those of Mg2+,Ca2+,and K+ showed single peak that appeared in the afternoon.That of NO2- showed with a peak appearing at sunrise and a valley appearing at sunset.     

Real-Time Observation on Water-Soluble Ions of PM2.5in Beijing under the Influences of Different Air Masses in Summer简

To further understand the variations of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 in Beijing,the authors observed their concentrations continuously and in high temporal resolution by the system for rapid collection of fine particles and ion chromatography（RCFP-IC） during 12–18 July 2010.These results combined with those of earlier backward trajectory research are used analyzed to determine the causes of concentration changes in water-soluble ions under the influences of two kinds of air masses in summer.The results indicate that concentrations of NO3^-,SO4^2-,and NH4＋ were influenced strongly by the continental air mass than by the marine air mass.Cl^- and Na^＋ were not changed significantly.Because the sources of K^＋,Mg^2＋,and Ca^2＋ are mainly concentrated on land,their concentration levels were slightly higher under the control of continental air mass than that of the marine air mass.Variations of NO2^- during the observation differed from those of other ions;its concentration was significantly higher under the influence of marine air mass.Moreover,the authors obtain the diurnal variations of eight water-soluble inorganic ions including NH4^＋,K^＋,Mg^2＋,Ca^2＋,Cl^-,NO2^-,NO3^-,and SO4^2-.Diurnal variations of NH4^＋,NO3^-,and Cl^- showed single peak,which appeared before noon,while SO4^2- showed two peaks that appeared during rush hours.Those of Mg^2＋,Ca^2＋,and K＋ showed single peak that appeared in the afternoon.That of NO2^- showed with a peak appearing at sunrise and a valley appearing at sunset.     

Influence of Mass and Radius of Ice Crystals on Hydrometeors,Internal Energy,and Kinetic Energy: A Numeric Model Study简

Two cloud-scale experiments with two different ice-phase schemes were carried out for a precipitation event that occurred in eastern China in 2005.The results were analyzed to examine the influences of the change of ice-particle mass and radius on hydrometeors,internal energy,and kinetic energy,as well as the primary factors responsible.It was found that the ice content increases notably and the snow content decreases due to the change.This is the consequence of the modulation of cloud microphysical processes.In particular,the Bergeron process and the accretion of snow and cloud ice are markedly influenced.The differences of internal energy and kinetic energy between the two experiments are caused by adjustments to pressure-flux divergence,the coupling of temperature and divergence,and gravitational work,and the reason is that these three factors result in differences of local changes of internal and kinetic energy.     

急性低氧胁迫对卵形鲳鲹选育群体血液生化指标的影响

本文研究了水环境急性低氧胁迫对卵形鲳鲹Trachinotus ovatus选育群体血液生化指标的影响。实验设计了急性低氧试验组和对照组,每组3个平行。结果显示,急性低氧胁迫后选育群体的血清离子含量与对照组相比都有不同程度的升高,其中钠、氯、钙浓度与对照组相比差异显著(p0.05),铁浓度极显著高于对照组(p0.01);血清蛋白、尿酸、肌酐、血脂、血糖等指标的差异较大,其中尿酸、肌酐极显著高于对照组(p0.01),总蛋白、总胆固醇显著低于对照组(p0.05);血清中肌酸激酶含量极显著高于对照组(p0.01),肌酸激酶同工酶显著高于对照组(p0.05),γ-谷氨酰转肽酶含量显著低于对照组(p0.05);其他指标均有不同程度的升高或降低,但差异不显著。研究表明,急性低氧胁迫造成卵形鲳鲹鳃、肾、心脏和肝脏损伤,免疫力下降。     

PV-based wave-activity density and its application to tracing heavy precipitation

This paper is focused on the tracking of heavy precipitation by detecting strong wave activities in precipitating atmosphere. Based on the generalized moist potential vorticity (GMPV), a new wave-activity density and its wave-activity relation are first derived. The wave-activity density, which is the second-order portion of GMPV and quadratic in disturbance, is then applied to a heavy-rainfall event in North China. It is shown that the wave-activity density contains the vertical shear of wind perturbation, vertical vorticity perturbation and the spatial gradients of latent heating function perturbation associated with the moisture condensation. Due to these important characteristics of precipitating atmosphere, the wave-activity density shows strong anomalies over the precipitation region. The total GMPV and its basic-state and first-order components are also analyzed as comparisons. The result shows that the basic-state GMPV is not capable of diagnosing precipitation, while the total GMPV and the first-order GMPV, although present strong anomalies, are not capable of distinguishing precipitation and non-precipitation areas. This is likely due to the basic state information contained in GMPV and its basic-state and first-order components, which has no direct relation to the precipitation. The spatial distribution of wave-activity density further verifies its capability on detecting and tracing heavy precipitation. Moreover, the statistical result reveals the wave-activity density has a high correlation coefficient with the observational rainfall in a long time series and passes through the significance test.