基于ASTER数据的蛇绿岩组分识别：以德尔尼矿区为例

本文运用高级星载热辐射和反射探测器(ASTER)反射率数据对青海德尔尼蛇绿岩的主要岩石组成和蚀变矿物进行探测。以现有的标准光谱库数据作为参照,采用光谱角制图法来提取感兴趣的岩性和矿物信息,并通过与现有地质图对比,验证结果的精度。实验结果表明,运用ASTER数据和标准的光谱库数据,可较有效地识别蛇绿岩的主要岩性和相关矿物成分,但不同岩性的识别精度不同。     

基于Web Service的Web地图服务设计与实践

集成和互操作一直是GIS发展的热点问题,而在互联网时代背景下产生的Web服务(Web Service)技术为GIS的集成和互操作提供了全新的、有效的解决途径。在介绍和分析Web服务技术的基础上,提出并实践了一种将地图服务的基本功能包装成Web服务进行发布的思路。通过将GIS的基本功能包装成Web服务,可以实现使用一种标准的协议来实现各GIS应用系统的交互和集成,屏蔽了系统间软、硬件平台的不同。     

1999年6月长江中下游梅雨暴雨的环流特征分析

利用客观分析资料和加强观测期资料,对1999年6月发生在我国长江流域的持续性梅雨期降水过程的大尺度环流特征进行了分析,结果表明:(1)1999年梅雨期,我国长江中下游强降水带状分布非常明显,强降水主要发生在长江中下游地区,强降水带呈东西向分布,并且雨带的南北边界非常清楚。(2)在对流层低层,从孟加拉湾来的西风气流和西太平洋副热带高压前缘的东南气流在长江流域维持,为此次强暴雨过程产生和发展提供了有利的大尺度条件。高空急流和低空急流的存在和维持为此次梅雨锋暴雨过程的发生提供了有利的抬升机制,而对流层中低层的中性对流不稳定特征则为持续性暴雨过程的发生提供了有利的不稳定机制。(3)梅雨锋区对流层低层的水汽辐合非常明显,水汽输送主要来自孟加拉湾和西太平洋,同时南海季风槽在向梅雨锋区输送水汽的过程中起到了非常重要的作用,它是热带海洋地区向我国内陆输送水汽的通道。(4)平均纬向风速u对流层高层出现了与高空西风急流与高空东风急流相对应的两个强风速核;径向平均风速v在400 hPa以下层次盛行南风,而在400 hPa以上的高层盛行北风;受两侧下沉气流的制约,梅雨锋降水带南北两侧存在位势不稳定层结中的不稳定能量无法释放,因此没有出现明显的降水。     

浅析环境地球化学的研究现状

环境地球化学是研究环境中化学物质迁移转化规律及其与环境质量和人类健康关系的学科.在其短短30年的发展历程中,历经了环境地球化学与健康、环境地球化学与污染及环境地球化学与全球环境变化3个阶段的研究.由于它是一个新兴的学科和研究对象的复杂性,目前还存在着学科交叉深度与广度的不够、化学物质动态监测不及时、与GIS的结合还不够等一些问题.但是,凭借其良好的发展势头,环境地球化学为改善人类生存与发展的生态环境和促进入类社会的可持续发展承担着艰巨的任务并发挥了巨大的作用.     

Effects of land‐use changes on hydrological processes in the middle basin of the Heihe River,northwest China

The effects of land‐use changes on the runoff process in the midstream plain of this arid inland river basin are a key factor in the rational allocation of water resources to the middle and lower reaches. The question is whether and by how much increasingly heavy land use impacts the hydrological processes in such an arid inland river basin. The catchment of the Heihe River, one of the largest inland rivers in the arid region of northwest China, was chosen to investigate the hydrological responses to land‐use change. Flow duration curves were used to detect trends and variations in runoff between the upper and lower reaches. Relationships among precipitation, upstream runoff, and hydrological variables were identified to distinguish the effects of climatic changes and upstream runoff changes on middle and downstream runoff processes. The quantitative relation between midstream cultivated land use and various parameters of downstream runoff processes were analysed using the four periods of land‐use data since 1956. The Volterra numerical function relation of the hydrological non‐linear system response was utilized to develop a multifactor hydrological response simulation model based on the three factors of precipitation, upstream runoff, and cultivated land area. The results showed that, since 1967, the medium‐ and high‐coverage natural grassland area in the midstream region has decreased by 80·1%, and the downstream runoff has declined by 27·32% due to the continuous expansion of the cultivated land area. The contribution of cultivated land expansion to the impact on the annual total runoff is 14–31%, on the annual, spring and winter base flow it is 44–75%, and on spring and winter discharge it is 23–64%. Once the water conservation plan dominated by land‐use structural adjustments is implemented over the next 5 years, the mean annual discharge in the lower reach could increase by 8·98% and the spring discharge by 26·28%. This will significantly alleviate the imbalance between water supply and demand in both its quantity and temporal distribution in the middle and lower reaches. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

面向城市导游的无缝服务研究

智能导游服务已从传统的单一景区导游发展为城市多景区导游,因此包含了景区间导游和景区内导游两大部分;表现为更加注重面向散客服务、兼容多移动智能终端以应用程序(App)的方式运行。由于景区间导游和景区内导游往往自成系统,在游客进出景区的过程中存在着两种系统的切换,且主要采用手动方式完成,尚没有实现城市多景区导游过程的无缝衔接。为了应对这个挑战,本文设计了一个面向城市多景区的无缝导游服务模式,分析了其架构以及工作机制;并着重讨论了城市无缝导游服务的关键技术,如系统间无缝切换的条件,包含判断游客进入、离开景区等;以及导游服务过程无缝衔接的机制,包含导游动态数据结构的设计,游客游览需求、导游过程状态在多导游系统间的传递等。最后通过实例验证了该方法的有效性,作为新的导游服务模式,同时为动态集成已有的导游App提供了解决方法。     

北京市平原区2015年—2019年0.8 m地表反射率数据集

地表反射率产品作为最重要的定量遥感产品,是很多参量化遥感产品的基础数据源,可以被广泛应用于林业、农业、水资源、生态环境、城市环境等典型应用领域。对于米级高分辨率的遥感影像,国内外不提供反射率影像产品。目前主流的国产高分数据源大部分都是蓝、绿、红、近红4个波段的多光谱数据,缺少短波红外波段,难以满足陆地区域浓密植被算法或者清洁水体的短波红外信号近似看作零的假设条件,要完成精确大气校正、生产大范围的GF-2影像拼接的地表反射率产品,是一个挑战。为了更好的推广高分地表反射率的应用,本研究针对北京市平原区,运用全色和多光谱融合、几何精校正和相对辐射一致化算法,以Sentinel-2为参考影像,生成了一套几何精校正后的0.8 m地表反射率影像集。该数据集时间范围为2015年—2019年,每年一期,包含年度产品的覆盖情况及分布矢量,共计184景地表反射率影像,数据量总共为1.63 TB。     

土耳其贝帕扎里采集卤钻井三期工程井组布置的优化设计

土耳其贝帕扎里采集卤钻井三期工程的井组布置设计是在一、二期矿区内利用部分现有井场、现有采集卤管线的基础上,采用了更加优化的三井井组、五井井组、双通道平行井组及复杂井组。此设计减少了投资、缩短了基建周期、便于生产管理,使资源得到更合理的开发利用,增大了矿区现有产能,更大满足了加工厂对卤水的需要。全矿区共布置15个溶采单元,共包括25个井组采矿通道,垂直井29口,水平井23口。     

Rare Earth Element and Trace Element Features of Gold-bearing Pyrite in the Jinshan Gold Deposit, Jiangxi Province

<正>Jinshan gold deposit is located in northeastern Jiangxi,South China,which is related to the ductile shear zone.It has a gold reserve of more than 200 tons,with 80%of gold occurring in pyrite. The LREE of gold-bearing pyrite is as higher as 171.664 ppm on average,with relatively higher light rare earth elements(LREE;159.556 ppm) and lower HREE(12.108 ppm).TheΣLREE/ΣHREE ratio is 12.612 and(La/Yb)_N is 11.765.These indicate that pyrite is rich in LREE.The(La/Sm)_N ratio is 3.758 and that of(Gd/Yb)_N is 1.695.These are obvious LREE fractionations.The rare earth element(REE) distribution patterns show obvious Eu anomaly with averageδEu values of 0.664,andδCe anomalies of 1.044.REE characteristics are similar to those of wall rocks(regional metamorphic rocks),but different from those of the Dexing granodiorite porphyry and Damaoshan biotite granite.These features indicate that the ore-forming materials in the Jinshan gold deposit derived from the wall rocks, and the ore-forming fluids derived from metamorphic water.The Co/Ni ratio(average value 0.38) of pyrite suggests that the Jinshan gold deposit formed under a medium-low temperature.It is inferred from the values of high-field strength elements,LREE,Hf/Sm,Nb/La,and Th/La of the pyrite that the ore-forming fluids of the Jinshan gold deposit derived from metamorphic water with ClF.     

浅析水利工程实施方案的灰色优选

由于灰色系统考虑了系统内部因素相互关系不完全清楚性,因而应用灰色局势决策法选择水利工程实施方案．更具有客观性、科学性。以某水利工程为实例,介绍了用灰色局势决策法对实施方案进行优选的原理和方法,通过实例证明：灰色局势决策法具有较好的实用性,且操作简便。