岩浆硫化物矿床铂族元素的地球化学模式

引言岩浆硫化物矿石中铂族元素的浓度显示一个值得注意的数值范围,从一个矿床到另一个矿床可以有数量级的变化。例如Merensky层(布什维尔德杂岩体)的矿石,硫化物少于2(重量％),仅为萨德伯里矿石的1/15到1/20,而Pt和Pd的总量却是典型萨德拍里矿床的10     

对云内吸湿性粒子在碰并过程中催化作用的数值模拟

1、引言许多学者在理论上和试验上对云内播撒吸湿性粒子增加降水的可能性,都进行过研究。然而,其结果是相当分岐的。这些试验是以在云中播撒吸湿性粒子,加速凝结过程和凝聚增长,引起降水增加的基本假设为基础的。以大的吸湿性核,对对流云催化作用的数值模拟,需要比较准确的数值方法计算云内的碰并过程。近来,伯瑞(Berry)和里哈特(Reinhardt,1974)提出一些方法;波里斯克(Bleck)和斯屋(Soong,1974)给出了一些算法,已广泛应用。全部的云滴谱细分成单个不规则的间隔(谱的分     

Hydrocarbons in surface sediments from the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary, East China Sea

Sedimentary aliphatic (AH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in the Changjiang Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea. Total AH ranged from 2.20 to 11.82 μg g⁻¹ and consisted of n-alkanes and a dominant petroleum-related unresolved complex mixture (UCM). Within the n-alkanes, terrestrial plant wax compounds prevailed at nearly all stations. Of the PAHs, biogenic perylene dominated at stations receiving riverine inputs. Anthropogenic PAHs originating from combustion/pyrolysis processes varied from 17 to 157 ng g⁻¹, while fossil PAH concentrations ranged from 42 to 187 ng g⁻¹. Both biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons are primarily derived from riverine discharges and accumulate at shallow-water stations. Distinct phase associations lead, nevertheless, to different sedimentation patterns. Fossil PAHs are enhanced at offshore stations where they are introduced directly by shipping activities. Biomarker fingerprints ascribe their source to Chinese crude oils. The overall levels of anthropogenic hydrocarbons are low compared to relevant areas worldwide and reveal a low/moderate level of hydrocarbon pollution.     

Campanian Climatic Change: Isotopic Evidence from Far East, North America, North Atlantic and Western Europe

Paleoclimatic settings have been reconstructed for the Campanian using original oxygen-isotopic analyses of well-preserved molluskan and foraminifera shells from Russian Far East, Hokkaido, USA, Belgium and some DSDP holes (95, 98, 102, 390A, and 392A) in North Atlantic. Early Early Campanian climatic optimum has been recognized from data on high bottom shelf water paleotemperatures in middle latitudes of both the western circum-Pacific (to 24.2°C) and the eastern circum-Pacific (to 26.4°C) areas and high bottom shallow water paleotemperatures in high latitudes of the Koryak Upland (22.4–25.5°C), which agrees with the data on the Campanian Barykovskaya flora in high latitudes (Golovneva and Herman, 1998) and Jonker flora and its equivalents in middle latitudes. Judging from the data on comparatively high bottom shallow water paleotemperature values in high latitudes, South Alaska (19.4°C) and the Koryak Upland (22.4–25.5°C), we also expect Latest Campanian temperature maximum, which has not been confirmed, however, for low and middle latitudes by neither of isotopic nor paleobotanic data now. Main climatic tendency during the Campanian (with the exception of Latest Campanian) has been learned from isotopic composition of Campanian aragonitic ammonoid shells from the Hokkaido-South Sakhalin (Krilyon) marine basin. In contrary to Huber’s et al. (2002) assumption, we expect warm greenhouse conditions during the most part of the Campanian.     

含矿相从酸性熔体中分离出来的条件(英文)

热液学说不能完全解释金属从岩浆 (或岩石 )中分离和富集的自然条件。酸性岩中包体研究表明 ,存在特殊的硅酸盐熔体卤水 (silicate saltmelt brine)相 ,它在熔体结晶早期即从中分离出来 ,其中富含盐类 (质量分数可达 70 %)、金属、水、F、Cl、B等。而实验研究显示 ,原始的酸性熔体在冷却过程中分裂为硅酸盐熔体 (silicatemelt)和熔体卤水 (melt brine) ,熔体卤水还可进一步分离出更多的熔体卤水系列 (melt brines) ,它们也富含金属元素。熔体中高度富集的流体是产生这一过程非常有利的条件。     

金刚石伴生矿物中的烃类包裹体问题(英文)

首次在Mir金伯利岩筒中的锆石中发现了烃类包裹体。利用低温荧光光谱仪测定出烃类包裹体的成分为萘和菲的同系物 ,芘 ,1,12苯并芘等 ;其成分与Udachnaya岩筒中的橄榄石内的烃类和Mir岩筒中的石榴石中的烃类的成分相近。测定出锆石的δ13C值为 - 2 1 83‰～ - 3 3 5 4‰ ,与用榴辉岩共生组合中最轻的金刚石测出的同位素δ13C值范围相符。文中引述了有关有机物来源的讨论及多环芳烃 (PAH)由缩聚作用形成的论述。伴生矿物中相当数量的PAH的存在证明在形成金刚石及其伴生矿物的情况下 ,若有相当浓度的自由氢存在则可能发生缩聚作用。这些缩聚作用中碳的来源显然与形成金刚石时碳的来源是相同的 (即液态的CH4,CO及CO2 )。     

河北张家口水泉沟岩体SHRIMP年代学研究及其意义

采用先进的 SHRIMP测年技术对河北水泉沟碱性杂岩体进行了年龄测定，获得东坪金矿区水泉沟岩体二长岩锆石 U- Pb年龄为 (390± 6)Ma，后沟金矿区水泉沟岩体正长岩年龄 (386± 6)Ma，比较可信地确定了水泉沟岩体的成岩时代为晚加里东期—早海西期。这表明北部温都尔庙-西拉木伦河加里东俯冲造山运动强烈地影响本区，水泉沟岩体是这次运动的产物。根据前人测得的东坪和后沟金矿床蚀变围岩钾长石的 Ar- Ar和 K- Ar年龄，金矿化的时代是中生代燕山期，与岩体的成岩年龄有 200 Ma的时差，成因上可能与碱性杂岩体关系不大，因此，东坪和后沟等金矿床可能不属于碱性岩型金矿床。     

用断裂力学模型对地震前兆进行分类

目前在地震前兆的观测方面，普遍趋向于将最突出的地震前兆根据可能有的预警时间归类于一种地震发生的模型．例如，Rikitakc(1987)最近收集了418个日本的地震前兆异常，并按照前兆时间作了分类．虽然在可靠性和统计意义上变动很大，但是这种经验观测至少可以分出4种截然不同的类型，