Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Three Dimensional Waves in Water of Arbitrary Varying Topography

—The numerical simulation is based on the authors＇high-order models with a dissipative termfor nonlinear and dispersive wave in water of varying depth.Corresponding finite-difference equations andgeneral conditions for open and fixed natural boundaries with an arbitrary reflection coefficient and phaseshift are also given in this paper.The systematical tests of numerical simulation show that the theoreticalmodels,the finite-difference algorithms and the boundary conditions can give good calculation results forthe wave propagating in shallow and deep water with an arbitrary slope varying from gentle to steep.     

冰区海洋平台LRFD方法的系数标定及优化设计

对渤海北部结冰海域海洋平台的ＬＲＦＤ设计表达式的系数进行了标定,并在此基础上以实际平台为例,进行了优化计算。     

淀山湖风浪场的数值模拟

对淀山湖的风场和风浪场进行了观测,根据所观测的风场利用SWAN模型计算了湖区的风浪场.通过将计算的波高和观测值进行比较,说明计算结果的变化趋势和观测结果的变化趋势相吻合;观测结果的波动幅度较大,而计算结果比较平滑.总体说来,基于SWAN模型所计算的波高可信、可靠.在此基础上,利用SWAN模型较为系统地计算了不同水位和不...     

A fundamental theorem for eco-environmental surface modelling and its applications

We propose a fundamental theorem for eco-environmental surface modelling(FTEEM) in order to apply it into the fields of ecology and environmental science more easily after the fundamental theorem for Earth's surface system modeling(FTESM). The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region is taken as a case area to conduct empirical studies of algorithms for spatial upscaling, spatial downscaling, spatial interpolation, data fusion and model-data assimilation, which are based on high accuracy surface modelling(HASM), corresponding with corollaries of FTEEM. The case studies demonstrate how eco-environmental surface modelling is substantially improved when both extrinsic and intrinsic information are used along with an appropriate method of HASM. Compared with classic algorithms, the HASM-based algorithm for spatial upscaling reduced the root-meansquare error of the BTH elevation surface by 9 m. The HASM-based algorithm for spatial downscaling reduced the relative error of future scenarios of annual mean temperature by 16%. The HASM-based algorithm for spatial interpolation reduced the relative error of change trend of annual mean precipitation by 0.2%. The HASM-based algorithm for data fusion reduced the relative error of change trend of annual mean temperature by 70%. The HASM-based algorithm for model-data assimilation reduced the relative error of carbon stocks by 40%. We propose five theoretical challenges and three application problems of HASM that need to be addressed to improve FTEEM.     

利用灰色聚类判定沉积环境

利用测井曲线确定相应岩层形成时的沉积环境,常因曲线并非典型模式及所携带有关沉积环境的地质信息不完全所困扰。认为这种信息不全的实质是灰色系统理论中“灰”的基本含义,提出了用灰色聚类分析法判定沉积环境。并用以对山东阳谷--茌平煤田聊城勘探区山西组S₂砂岩层形成环境进行判定,取得较好结果。同时,对灰色综合关联度作为聚类指标进行了探讨。     

济南冬季雾的微物理结构及其对能见度的影响

2016年12月19日至2017年1月9日,受静稳天气影响,济南接连出现了10次大雾等级以上天气过程,期间最低能见度不足50 m,持续的大雾天气严重影响了工农业生产和人民生活。本文利用10次冬季雾期间雾滴谱仪、自动站等观测资料,分析了济南不同强度冬季雾的微物理结构特征,分析了其中的微物理过程及强度,探讨了微物理结构、微物理过程对能见度（ V ）的影响。结果表明:（1）济南冬季雾强度不同,其谱分布具有明显的差异,在雾变浓的过程中,谱型由“单峰”结构逐渐向“多峰”结构发展。（2）数浓度对能见度具有较好的指示意义,液态含水量、离散度等对能见度指示意义不稳定。（3）环境温度与核化、凝结和碰并增长（或蒸发）等微物理过程密切相关;核化、凝结增长是济南冬季雾发展过程中最主要的微物理过程,在整个雾过程中起主导作用。（4）碰并过程主要发生在发展和成熟阶段,在生成和减弱阶段很弱,以未碰并或偶发碰并为主。（5）自转化率计算结果表明,在V≥200 m的雾中,碰并过程很少发生;在100 m≤V<200 m的强浓雾中,以未碰并或间断碰并为主;碰并过程主要出现在V<100 m等级的强浓雾和特强浓雾中;与V<50 m的特强浓雾相比,50 m≤V<100 m的强浓雾中碰并过程发生的概率更大、强度更强。（6）在济南冬季特强浓雾中含有大量的小雾滴,但各微物理量的最大值、最大的起伏变化并未出现在特强浓雾中,而是出现在50 m≤V<100 m强浓雾中,这可能与强浓雾中较强的碰并过程有关,碰撞过程中产生的并合和破碎可能是微物理量起伏变化最大的主要原因。（7）利用雾滴谱资料计算的能见度与实测值在变化趋势上具有较好的一致性,但比实测值大1～2个数量级,这可能主要与雾中大量的气溶胶粒子有关,对于污染大气,基于雾滴谱仪观测资料来估算雾中的大气能见度是不够的,必须同时考虑气溶胶粒子对能见度的影响。     

家庭视角的流动人口城市定居意愿及其影响机制 ——基于中国8个城市的实证分析

采用了8个具有代表性城市的抽样调查数据，基于家庭视角对流动人口家庭城市定居意愿及其影响因素进行研究。通过从长期居住打算、社会保障、社会认同、家庭迁移、户口迁移等方面构建家庭城市定居意愿指数（FSI），研究发现：武汉、无锡、苏州、西安的流动人口家庭城市定居意愿较高，上海处于中间水平，而泉州、长沙和咸阳的流动人口的家庭城市定居意愿较低。采用回归分析发现：不同城市流动人口定居意愿的影响因素存在一定差异，但家庭因素的影响具有一致性，呈现所在城市越有利于对其家庭成员的照顾和发展，流动人口家庭城市定居意愿则越强烈的特征。最后，提出创建“家庭友好型”的城乡发展新秩序，实现流动人口家庭城市定居和发展，提升人口城市化质量。     

自适应地图符号模型与原型系统的实现

随着计算机技术的进步,地图学中出现了电子地图等新型地图,在内容表达上发生了新的变化,但其地图符号的模型并没有取得相应的研究成果,以适应地图的新形式和新内容。本文对地图符号在地图新形式和新内容表达中存在的问题进行了分析,在自适应空间信息可视化系统理论成果的基础上,总结了自适应地图符号模型设计的原则,提出了树结构的自适应地图符号模型,设计了以树结构符号模型为核心的自适应地图符号系统模块,以及该模块和自适应空间信息可视化系统的其他模块间的接口;引入"晚绑定"的思想,实现了自适应地图符号编辑器原型系统,对树状地图符号模型的符号定义和符号集合图形数据部分进行了研究。     

基于Lorenz曲线的人口密度地图分级方法

与传统上地图分级的研究重点关注分级统计精度和图面效果不同,本文提出了一种用于表达和传输人口密度空间分布知识的自动化地图分级方法。该方法基于人口密度分布Lorenz曲线,根据知识传递的需要确定制图分级数,通过Lorenz曲线化简的方法确定分级间隔,以更好地表达人口空间分布的规律性知识,增强地图信息的传输效果。试验表明,分为两级时该方法能够自动地得出"胡焕庸线"的基本轮廓,分为多级时能够很好地体现人口空间分布的基本规律和特例知识。     

Partial function prediction of sulfate-reducing bacterial community from the rhizospheres of two typical coastal wetland plants in China

Sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) are ubiquitous anaerobic microorganisms that play significant roles in the global biogeochemical cycle.Coastal wetlands,one of the major habitats of SRB,exhibit high sulfate-reducing activity and thus play significant roles in organic carbon remineralization,benthic geochemical action,and plant-microbe interactions.Recent studies have provided credible evidence that the functional rather than the taxonomic composition of microbes responds more closely to environmental factors.Therefore.in this study,functional gene prediction based on PacBio single molecular real-time sequencing of 16 S rDNA was applied to deterrmine the sulfate-reducing and organic substrate-decomposing activities of SRB in the rhizospheres of two typical coastal wetland plants in North and South China:Zostera japonica and Scirpus mariqueter.To this end,some physicochemical characteristics of the sediments as well as the phylogenetic structure,community composition,diversity,and proportions of several functional genes of the SRB in the two plant rhizosphere s were analyzed.The Z.japonica meadow had a higher dis similatory sulfate reduction capability than the S.mariqueter-comprising saltmarsh,owing to its larger proportion of SRB in the microbial community,larger proportions of functional genes involved in dissimilatory sulfate reduction,and the stronger ability of the SRB to degrade organic substrates completely.This study confirmed the feasibility of applying microbial community function prediction in research on the metabolic features of SRB,which will be helpful for gaining new knowledge of the biogeochemical and ecological roles of these bacteria in coastal wetlands.