ABRASION OF THE BOTTOM OUTLETS AND ITS REPAIR IN SANMENXIA PROJECT

The Sanmenxia Project completed in 1960 is a multi-purpose hydro project with emphasis on flood control. After the expounding, serious deposition occurs in the upstream part of the reservoir and the Weihe River. The project has to be rebuilt twice in the period from 1964 to 1978. Thus the discharge capacity is greatly enlarged by excavating two side tunnels on the left bank, converting three penstocks into sluice conduits and reopening & bottom outlets formerly used for di- version. By changing the operational mode from storing water year round to stor- ing clear water during the dry season and sluicing sediment during the flood season, the sediment problem of the reservoir is largely solved and multi-purpose benefits of the project are partially retained. But the heavy sediment load still caused serious abrasion on bottom outlets and turbines, particularly on the inlet gate slot, the service gate slot and the floor. Much effort has been made to clarify the mechanism of the damage and to choose abrasion-resistant material for repair. The repair of the bottom outlets has been going on since 1980. This paper describes the abrasion on the bottom outlets in details and the subsequent repair effected.     

蜀南地区飞仙关组高精度层序地层研究

针对四川盆地下三叠统飞仙关组层序地层存在多种不同划分方案,以高精度层序地层学理论与方法为指导,以蜀南地区飞仙关组台地相碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩为研究对象,以野外露头剖面、岩芯、钻井、测井、地震等资料为基础,综合应用岩性突变面、沉积相转换面、沉积物空间堆积样式的变化、早期成岩变化、电测井曲线特征以及地震反射特征等标志,识别出不同级次的11个层序界面,据此将本区飞仙关组划分为2个三级层序(TSQ1和TSQ2)和10个四级层序,其中TSQ1可细分出6个四级层序,TSQ2可再分出4个四级层序,并将其与传统地层单位进行对比:三级层序TSQ1和TSQ2分别对应于飞一段+飞二段地层和飞三段+飞四段地层。通过层序地层对比和层序地层格架的建立,指出这些层序在全区均具有良好的可对比性和等时性,每个层序均具有快速海侵到缓慢海退的特点,均由海侵体系域和高位体系域构成,未发现低位体系域和凝缩段。层序与储层关系的研究表明,四级层序Ⅲ和Ⅷ是台内鲕滩这种有利储集相带的主要发育层位,所形成的滩相鲕粒灰岩储层与高位体系域的向上变浅序列和早期暴露及其所导致的大气淡水淋溶改造有关,平面上集中分布于中东部地区。     

青藏高原及周边综合观测系统计划（JICA）实施进展

中日JICA计划项目于2006年初正式启动。在中国气象局监测网络司、科技发展司、预测减灾司等职能部门的积极推动下，在JICA项目青藏高原及周边综合观测系统计划总体设计与工程实施等方面都取得了显著进展。项目中方执行负责人张人禾、徐祥德组织了观测系统方案实施。项目对青藏高原及周边综合观测设计重点体现了长江流域灾害天气预报、气候预测与区域水资源评估的重大需求。     

康定—泸定地区地震对策及破坏性地震应急反应预案

康定—泸定地区地震对策及破坏性地震应急反应预案余河生（甘孜州地震局）杜江（泸定县地震办公室）康定—泸定地区由于所处的特殊的地震构造和地震活动环境而面临严峻的地震形势。为了做好地震应急工作,甘孜州地震局和泸定县地震办公室分别代政府制定了破坏性地震应急反...     

被动源电磁阵列系统及其在某铜矿区的应用试验

本文介绍被动源电磁阵列系统的特点及该系统在某铜矿区的应用试验工作。与已知资料对比,试验结果给出了地下矿体的空间赋存形态,为矿区下一步工作提供了有意义的参考资料。     

我国登陆台风灾害的监测及预报技术研究--项目的意义和进展

"我国登陆台风灾害的监测及预报技术研究"(2001DIA20026)于2002年3月启动.登陆台风会直接造成社会巨灾,过去因为技术条件不够,对它的研究无法开展.如今因探测技术发展,计算机能力的提高,登陆台风已成为国际台风研究的前沿课题.世界气象组织(WMO)的全球天气研究计划(WWRP)和热带气象研究计划(TMRP)联合开展代号为ITCLP的国际登陆热带气旋研究,美国天气研究计划(USWRP)开展了代号为USLHP的登陆飓风研究,澳大利亚开展了代号为TCCIP的登陆热带气旋影响研究,我国作为台风登陆最多的国家,开展这一研究已经偏迟了10年.     

Protective and treatment measures against major harmful organisms in cotton-growing belt of Xinjiang

1 Harmful Organisms in Xinjiang Cotton-Growing BeltThe harmful organisms in Xinjiang cotton-growing belt are mainly diseases, insects and weeds. The diseases include Verticillium albo-atrum, cotton-root decaying disease and cotton-boll decaying disease, while the harmful insects include cotton aphids (Aphis gosspii), cotton mites, cotton boll-worms (Heliothis armigera), cotton thrips (Thrips. sp), Lygus pratersis and cutworms. Their harmful effects vary in different places but all of them …     

Imaging the recent sediment dynamics of the Galicia Bank region (Atlantic,NW Iberian Peninsula)

Multibeam bathymetry, high resolution multi-channel, and very high resolution single-channel (3.5 kHz) seismic records were used to depict the complex geomorphology that defines the Galicia Bank region (Atlantic, NW Iberian Peninsula). This region (≈620–5,000 m water depth) is characterized by a great variety of features: structural features (scarps, highs, valleys, fold bulges), fluid dynamics-related features (structural undulations and collapse craters), mass-movement features (gullies, channels, mass-flow deposits, slope-lobe complexes, and mass-transport deposits), bottom-current features (moats, furrows, abraded surface, sediment waves, and drifts), (hemi)pelagic features, mixed features (abraded surfaces associated to mixed sediments) and bioconstructions. These features represent architectural elements of four sedimentary systems: slope apron, contouritic, current-controlled (hemi)pelagic, and (hemi)pelagic. These systems are a reflection of different sedimentary processes: downslope (mass transport, mass flows, turbidity flows), alongslope (bottom currents of Mediterranean Outflow Water, Labrador Sea Water, North Atlantic Deep Water, and Lower Deep Water), vertical settling, and the interplay between them. The architectural and sediment dynamic complexities, for their part, are conditioned by the morphostructural complexity of the region, whose structures (exposed scarps and highs) favor multiple submarine sediment sources, affect the type and evolution of the mass-movement processes, and interact with different water masses. This region and similar sedimentary environments far from the continental sediment sources, as seamounts, are ideal zones for carrying out submarine source-to-sink studies, and can represent areas subject to hazards, both geologic and oceanographic in origin.     

Sustainable mineral resources management: from regional mineral resources exploration to spatial contamination risk assessment of mining

Wide-spread environmental contamination associated with historic mining in Europe has triggered social responses to improve related environmental legislation, the environmental assessment and management methods for the mining industry. Mining has some unique features such as natural background contamination associated with mineral deposits, industrial activities and contamination in the three-dimensional subsurface space, problem of long-term remediation after mine closure, problem of secondary contaminated areas around mine sites, land use conflicts and abandoned mines. These problems require special tools to address the complexity of the environmental problems of mining-related contamination. The objective of this paper is to show how regional mineral resources mapping has developed into the spatial contamination risk assessment of mining and how geological knowledge can be transferred to environmental assessment of mines. The paper provides a state-of-the-art review of the spatial mine inventory, hazard, impact and risk assessment and ranking methods developed by national and international efforts in Europe. It is concluded that geological knowledge on mineral resources exploration is essential and should be used for the environmental contamination assessment of mines. Also, sufficient methodological experience, knowledge and documented results are available, but harmonisation of these methods is still required for the efficient spatial environmental assessment of mine contamination.