高精度公共参数对轨道精度的影响分析

受BDS-2、GLONASS、Galileo卫星跟踪站在全球范围内数量少且分布不均匀的影响，在BDS-2、GLONASS、Galileo定轨过程中需要联合GPS解算高精度公共参数，以提高轨道精度。为优化联合定轨的数据处理策略，需要重点分析联合定轨中公共参数对轨道的影响，从理论上分析无电离层组合中公共测站坐标、对流层和接收机钟差参数对多系统联合定轨的贡献量，然后开展单系统和多系统联合定轨实验。结果表明，高精度的公共参数使各单系统的定轨精度有显著提升，BDS-2的IGSO及GLONASS、Galileo定轨精度提升20%，BDS-2的MEO定轨精度提升60%。     

连续降温对大菱鲆成鱼代谢机能的影响

为了探寻连续降温对大菱鲆成鱼血清、肝脏及肌肉能量代谢等指标的影响,将大菱鲆从正常养殖水温18℃快速连续降温至1℃,并在18℃、13℃、8℃、5℃、3℃和1℃共计6个温度点取血采样,分别测定血清中的总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、总胆红素(TBIL)、血糖(GLU)以及肝脏中的糖原和肌肉中的乳酸等指标,实验数据采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行单因素方差分析。结果发现,随着温度降低,大菱鲆的血清TP浓度呈先下降后升高的趋势,且在13℃和3℃时出现显著性差异(P<0.05);血清ALB浓度则呈现升高趋势,在3℃时显著高于1℃(P<0.05);血清TC浓度呈现升高趋势,且3℃时显著高于18℃(P<0.05); GLU浓度呈先降低后升高趋势,且8℃时显著高于13℃(P<0.05);尿素浓度呈先降低后升高再降低趋势,且8℃时显著高于1℃(P<0.05);肝糖原浓度在各温度之间无显著差异(P>0.05);肌肉中乳酸含量呈先升高后降低趋势,且5℃时显著高于18℃(P<0.05);其余指标则无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结果表明：当温度在18℃～8℃时,降温对大菱鲆体内代谢影响不大;当温度降到8℃～3℃时,大菱鲆体内开始出现应激反应;当温度继续降低至1℃时,大菱鲆体内的各种代谢基本处于停滞状态。     

Settlement distribution and its relationship with environmental changes from the Neolithic to Shang-Zhou dynasties in northern Shandong, China

In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution of the settlement sites of six periods from the Neolithic Age to the Shang and Zhou dynasties in northern Shandong was investigated using the ArcGIS program, and the relationship between settlement distribution and environmental changes was discussed, based on the proxy records of climatic and environmental change contained in the sediments from three sections at the Shuangwangcheng site and the previous work. The results show that the climate was warm and humid and the sea level was relatively high during the period of 8000-5000 a BP in the study area, and the ancient people lived in the relatively flat （slope of 〈2°） areas at high elevation （20-300 m above sea level）, such as diluvial tableland and alluvial plain. On the other hand, few archaeological sites in the low-lying plain in the west of the study area indicate that few people lived there during that period. This might be attributed to frequent flooding in the area. After 5000 years ago, the scope of human activity extended to the area close to the sea because the relatively colder and drier climate results in sea-level fall, meanwhile the low-lying plain in the west was occupied by the ancient people. The study area of this period was characterized by the rapid development of prehistoric culture, the intensified social stratification and the emergence of early city-states. However, around 4000 a BP, the abrupt change in climate and the increase in frequency and intensity of floods severely disrupted human activities, and eventually led to the decline of the Yueshi culture. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the climatic conditions gradually stabilized in a mild-dry state, which promoted the redevelopment and flourish of the Bronze Culture. The previous situation, which was characteristic of sparse human settlements due to freshwater shortage and unfitted conditions for sedentary agriculture, changed during the Shang and Zhou dynasties in northern coastal wetlands.Local residents effectively adapted themselves to the tough environmental conditions by producing sea-salt, which led to the rapid growth of human activities.     

浙江田螺山遗址古盐度及其环境背景同河姆渡文化演化的关系(英文)

Paleosalinity records of the Tianluoshan site are derived from measurations data of clay mineral,boron,strontium,barium,after field sampling in three profiles of the Tianluoshan site.The relative sea level changes are discussed according to the lab results.The record indicates that the region where the Tianluoshan site located has witnessed at least three times of relative sea level high-stand before,during and after the Hemudu period.Based on previous researches,this paper also focuses on discussing severa...     

澧阳平原晚冰期短尺度气候变化的风成沉积物稀土元素和粒度记录

对澧阳平原SL剖面的系统采样和室内稀土元素分析、粒度分析和AMS14C年代测定,揭示了澧阳平原岗地黄土剖面成因特征,探讨了澧阳平原晚冰期短尺度的气候变化过程。结果表明,澧阳平原岗地黄土在稀土元素配分模式上与黄土高原黄土-古土壤、镇江下蜀黄土具有高度的一致性,而且岗地剖面沉积物无任何水流作用痕迹,因此表明,澧阳平原岗地黄土剖面为风成成因。粒度结果表明,SL剖面较好地记录了晚冰期短尺度的气候变化过程,SL遗址剖面自然沉积物记录了晚冰期千年尺度的气候事件,如BL事件、OlderYD事件、AL事件、YD事件。SL剖面全新世早期表现为升温阶段,9.0～8.00kaBP的彭头山文化在此区兴起,表明此时气候相当适宜,适合人类生存。     

浙江上山遗址剖面记录中更新世以来的环境演变

通过对上山文化遗址的野外勘察、野外采样和室内粒度、磁化率、释光年代(OSL)和AMS14C年代分析,探讨了上山地区地貌演变过程,分析了上山文化形成与发展的环境背景。研究结果表明,中更新世早期,上山地区为河流相砾石层堆积,中更新世晚期173kaBP左右,由于气候和海面变化及其新构造运动的影响,形成了河流的二级阶地。而后阶地上接受风尘堆积,形成了中更新世晚期的网纹红土。晚更新世,粉尘堆积加速,堆积了厚约1m的下蜀黄土。全新世(11.5kaBP-)开始,气候转暖,粉尘堆积速率降低,上山台地上保存有命名为"上山文化"的新石器遗址,其年代为11400￣8600aBP,遗址中发掘出大量陶器和石器工具,并发现有栽培水稻遗存,这是迄今为止长江下游地区发现的最早新石器遗址,是探索该地区农业起源和新石器文化演化具有重要意义的地点。上山台地西侧低地经历了河流相—湖沼相—河流相—湖沼相的地貌过程,并且AMS14C年代表明,西侧水源消亡于距今1000多年,而台地东侧仍有河流流过,表明上山遗址所处地貌位置为靠近河湖水源的河流阶地之上覆有风成黄土的低平台地。     

海南岛三亚湾海滩研究*

海南岛三亚湾及其周边海滩可分为两种主要类型:一类是岩礁海岸海滩,发育于基岩和珊瑚礁岛波影区或珊瑚礁平台后侧,多为背叠式砂砾滩,滩窄、坡陡,具有数道陡坎,在岛礁背风侧常发育不同阶段的连岛坝,如白排人工岛西南端海滩、鹿回头湾大洲后侧及对岸的海滩、鹿回头湾和小东海海滩;另一类是沙坝海岸海滩,发育于向外海敞开的大沙坝的向海侧,海湾内砂质沉积物丰富,形成滩脊式或背叠式砂质滩,滩面宽坦,物质较细,如三亚湾和大东海海滩。因湾口朝向与湾内岛礁分布发育情况不同,湾内受常浪和台风强浪作用的强度与频率不同,加之现代泥沙补给情况的差异,这一类海滩的形态结构亦不尽相同。如三亚湾西侧近岬角处,波能辐聚,动力强,侵蚀作用突出,滩面呈近直线形倾斜,并形成两道陡坎;三亚湾中部,受岛礁保护,滩面宽阔,波浪消能空间充足,物质丰富,发育滩脊型海滩,滩面呈上凸形,基本稳定;三亚湾东侧,虽有岛礁掩蔽,但由于人为修建的绿地草坪带和水泥碎砖石小径等,建设高度过低, 束狭了激浪带的自由作用宽度,减小了波浪消能范围,破坏了海滩的整体结构,同时阻断了沙坝向海滩的供沙, 使滩面坡度加大,物质粗化,局部与小径相接处形成侵蚀陡坎、椰树等倾斜,呈侵蚀状态。     

Regime shift of the dominant factor for halocline depth in the Canada Basin during 1990–2008

The World Ocean Database(WOD) is used to evaluate the halocline depth simulated by an ice-ocean coupled model in the Canada Basin during 1990–2008. Statistical results show that the simulated halocline is reliable.Comparing of the September sea ice extent between simulation and SSM/I dataset, a consistent interannual variability is found between them. Moreover, both the simulated and observed September sea ice extent show staircase declines in 2000–2008 compared to 1990–1999. That supports that the abrupt variations of the ocean surface stress curl anomaly in 2000–2008 are caused by rapid sea ice melting and also in favor of the realistic existence of the simulated variations. Responses to these changes can be found in the upper ocean circulation and the intermediate current variations in these two phases as well. The analysis shows that seasonal variations of the halocline are regulated by the seasonal variations of the Ekman pumping. On interannual time scale, the variations of the halocline have an inverse relationship with the ocean surface stress curl anomaly after 2000,while this relationship no longer applies in the 1990 s. It is pointed out that the regime shift in the Canada Basin can be derived to illustrate this phenomenon. Specifically, the halocline variations are dominated by advection in the 1990 s and Ekman pumping in the 2000 s respectively. Furthermore, the regime shift is caused by changing Transpolar Drift pathway and Ekman pumping area due to spatial deformation of the center Beaufort high(BH)relative to climatology.     

渭河流域东部全新世环境演变与古文化发展的关系研究

 在对渭河流域东部全新世黄土剖面磁化率、粒度、Rb/Sr、CaCO3等气候指标测定分析的基础上,结合已测定的光释光（OSL）年龄和古文化研究的最新成果,探讨了该区环境演变与人类古文化演进的历史及其相互关系。研究发现,在9.34~6.77 ka BP全新世最适宜的气候条件下,在7.80~7.30 ka BP出现了老官台文化,之后发育了仰韶早期文化;在全新世中期6.77~5.48 ka BP干冷气候初期出现了仰韶文化最繁荣的庙底沟类型文化;中后期随资源环境的持续恶化,该区出现了仰韶文化衰落的西王村类型文化;在全新世中晚期的5.48~3.12 ka BP气候再次发生好转推动了该区龙山文化的发展;4.60~3.76 ka BP期间频繁发生的洪水事件可能进一步强化了人地关系,并进而推动了该区文化进入夏商人类文明时期;3.12 ka BP以来趋于干冷的气候在推动该区人类文明进一步发展的同时,人类活动对环境影响的强度和范围也日益加大。渭河流域古文化得以延续发展至今,一方面说明气候环境的变化并未超越先民适应能力的范围,另一方面也说明渭河流域具有先民维持生存和发展的优越资源环境条件。     

GLZ-1型交直流全隔离自动供电电源的研制

对于地处多雷区的地震及前兆观测台站,公用电网常常引入雷击,据统计(李泰国,2003),对于低压系统,有70％以上的雷电灾害来源于电网及通讯线路的雷电波侵入,这70％中,绝大部分又来自于电网。因此,低压系统的防雷一直是一个难以解决的问题,尽管目前流行的避雷设备很多,但造价高,且避雷效果没有保证。因此,从电源设计方面来消除雷电波影响一直受到关注。