基于PSInSAR技术的现代黄河三角洲地面沉降监测与分析

地面沉降是现代黄河三角洲地区主要的地质灾害之一,利用PSInSAR技术对覆盖现代黄河三角洲部分地区的10景ERS1/2数据进行处理,获得该研究区的地面沉降范围、沉降速率和形变时间序列情况。选取3个地面沉降范围和速率相对较大的区域进行重点分析,同时将监测结果与相应时间段的居民区分布图和油田分布图进行叠加分析,结果表明,地面沉降与石油开采、地表载荷增加具有较强的相关性。利用水准观测数据对获得的监测结果进行精度验证,结果显示PSInSAR监测结果与水准观测数据吻合,中误差达到mm级。     

黄河三角洲地区地面沉降驱动因素研究

黄河三角洲地区地势低平、生态脆弱, 地面沉降使得海水入侵和风暴潮灾害加剧。弄清该区域地面沉降驱动因素, 对油田安全生产和湿地生态保护都有积极的意义。以20 m 地层为界, 将地面沉降驱动因素分为浅地层和深地层因素。分析了地表荷载增加、地下水和油气开采、沉积物固结压实、新构造运动等对该区地面沉降的驱动作用。此外, 探讨了海平面上升和地震灾害对该区地面沉降的影响。结果表明: 该区地面沉降驱动因素主要为沉积物固结和地下水开采, 但控制范围存在区域性差异;1969 年地震使该区产生明显地面沉降, 海平面上升使该区地面沉降形势更加严峻。     

现代黄河三角洲地面沉降对洲体演变的影响

对现代黄河三角洲地区地面沉降的特点和对三角洲发育演变的影响进行了分析研究。分析认为,现代黄河三角洲地区普遍发生的地面沉降具有多因素和时空不连续性的特点,给沉降区带来了一系列的危害,使多种海岸带灾害的破坏和影响加剧;地面沉降不仅可以造成地面标高损失,影响三角洲的垂向发育,还通过改变地面坡降来影响河道的演变和尾闾的摆动,同...     

小清河河口海域冬季悬浮体特征

利用2007年1月对小清河口附近海区悬浮体和沉积物调查的数据，分析了小清河口海域冬季悬浮体的空间分布和粒度特征，探讨了悬浮体与海底表层沉积物的关系，并对其来源进行了初步分析。结果表明，悬浮体浓度和粒度特征空间分布不均，但有一定的规律性，并与海底表层沉积物之间存在着密切的联系；结合已有研究资料综合分析认为，河道内悬浮体主要来源于河流输移、河道两侧潮滩物质输送，而河口附近海域悬浮体主要源于近岸浅滩和海底表层沉积物的再悬浮和搬运。     

用遥感和统计方法分析海岸沙丘

在野外收集地理数据既费时又费钱。为了把这些使人困惑的情况缩小到较小规模,起初可以使用遥感图象。例如遥感方法可以用来识别和监测海岸的和生物物理的过程。在这项研究中,这些技术作为确定植被覆盖海岸沙丘凹地的空间型式的第一步是有价值的。     

黄河清水沟流路河口尾闾段河床形态萎缩特征

在简述黄河河口尾闾河段相关特征的基础上,从河槽横断面形态、河床纵剖面形态包括主槽河底平均高程、河床纵比降、平滩流量变化等方面分析了黄河河口尾闾河段河床形态萎缩特征。清水沟流路在1976—2000年期间,黄河口尾闾河段的发育大致可分为4个阶段,即初期发育阶段、中期成型阶段、后期萎缩阶段、末期人工干预发展阶段。相应的发育时期分别为20世纪80年代中期以后,尾闾河段主槽宽深比上升、横比降升高、河段纵比降下降、河床平均高程抬升,其相应时期内河道平滩流量相对偏低。这一现象可能与黄河来水来沙偏枯相关。河道疏浚、人工出汊、调水调沙等措施对尾闾河段河床形态的萎缩有一定的抑制作用,但其影响是暂时的,不能改变河道萎缩的总体趋势。     

Arctic sea ice volume export through the Fram Strait from combined satellite and model data: 1979–2012

By combing satellite-derived ice motion and concentration with ice thickness fields from a popular model PIOMAS we obtain the estimates of ice volume flux passing the Fram Strait over the 1979–2012 period. Since current satellite and field observations for sea ice thickness are limited in time and space, the use of PIOMAS is expected to fill the gap by providing temporally continued ice thickness fields. Calculated monthly volume flux exhibits a prominent annual cycle with the peak record in March(roughly 145 km3/month) and the trough in August(10 km~3/month). Annual ice volume flux(1 132 km~3) is primarily attributable to winter(October through May) outflow(approximately 92%). Uncertainty in annual ice volume export is estimated to be 55 km~3(or 5.7%). Our results also verified the extremely large volume flux appearing between late 1980 s and mid-1990 s. Nevertheless, no clear trend was found in our volume flux results. Ice motion is the primary factor in the determination of behavior of volume flux. Ice thickness presented a general decline trend may partly enhance or weaken the volume flux trend. Ice concentration exerted the least influences on modulating trends and variability in volume flux. Moreover, the linkage between winter ice volume flux and three established Arctic atmospheric schemes were examined. Compared to NAO, the DA and EOF3 mechanism explains a larger part of variations of ice volume flux across the strait.     

黄河口水体光谱特性及悬沙浓度遥感估测

通过黄河口含沙水体野外遥感光谱反射率的观测实验，探讨了黄河口水体表观光谱特性，分析了悬浮体中有机颗粒含量和悬沙粒度对光谱特性的影响。针对Landsat TM／ETM^＋影像波段特性，对黄河口含沙水体在其可见光至近红外4个波段的光谱特性进行了模拟分析，并结合表观光谱观测数据建立了经验回归函数，以估测不同时相黄河口水体表层悬沙的浓度。     

北极地区不同冰龄的海冰厚度变化研究

In this study, changes in Arctic sea ice thickness for each ice age category were examined based on satellite observations and modelled results. Interannual changes obtained from Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite(ICESat)-based results show a thickness reduction over perennial sea ice(ice that survives at least one melt season with an age of no less than 2 year) up to approximately 0.5–1.0 m and 0.6–0.8 m(depending on ice age) during the investigated winter and autumn ICESat periods, respectively. Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System(PIOMAS)-based results provide a view of a continued thickness reduction over the past four decades. Compared to 1980 s, there is a clear thickness drop of roughly 0.50 m in 2010 s for perennial ice. This overall decrease in sea ice thickness can be in part attributed to the amplified warming climate in north latitudes. Besides, we figure out that strongly anomalous southerly summer surface winds may play an important role in prompting the thickness decline in perennial ice zone through transporting heat deposited in open water(primarily via albedo feedback) in Eurasian sector deep into a broader sea ice regime in central Arctic Ocean. This heat source is responsible for enhanced ice bottom melting, leading to further reduction in ice thickness.     

卫星影像在黄河三角洲岸线变化研究中的应用

本文对比了黄河三角洲岸线变化速率与陆地卫星资料空间分辨率以及分析用卫片对比岸线变化可能产生的误差等，论证了用卫片研究该区岸线变化的可行性，通过潮位校正，坡度改正等方法提供了一套用卫片研究验潮站位较少的淤泥海滩岸线变化的方法，并讨论了提高该方法精度途径。在些基础上，对比了本区１９８５．５．１－１９７７．５．１０；１９８６．６．５－１９７５．５．２１和１９８９．５．２８－１９７７．５．１０三组陆地卫星