粤东典型海湾表层沉积物Cd的分布及其潜在生态危害评价*

对粤东海域5个典型海湾64个表层沉积物样进行了重金属Cd含量的测定,分析探讨了其空间分布特征及其主要影响因素,并以南海陆架区Cd含量为背景值计算了粤东5个海湾表层沉积物Cd的潜在生态危害系数。结果显示,柘林湾、汕头湾、汕尾湾、大亚湾和大鹏湾表层沉积物Cd的含量范围分别为0.04—0.58、0.06—6.63、0.06—0.11、0.04—0.20、0.08—0.15 mg·kg?1,其分布表现为：柘林湾养殖区和三百门附近海域以及汕头湾拦沙堤末端海域和好望角附近海域Cd含量高于其他海区,汕尾湾的Cd含量由近岸向外海、西部到东部增加,而大亚湾和大鹏湾外湾含量高。重金属输入和水动力条件是控制 Cd 分布的决定性因素。生态危害评价表明,养殖区、三百门附近海域、拦沙堤末端海域和好望角附近海域Cd污染达到了中等甚至很强的生态危害水平,污染比较严重。来自入海河流携带工业污染物注入、沿岸排污、水产养殖沉降、产业转移人为排放和金属矿床开采释放的 Cd 已造成了近海环境的污染,应当引起相关部门的重视。     

Clay mineral distribution in surface sediments of the South China Sea and its significance for in sediment sources and transport

Clay minerals of surface sediments in the South China Sea (SCS) are analyzed with X-ray diffraction, and their transport is explored with a grain size trend analysis (GSTA) model. Results show that clay mineral types in various sedimentary environments have different sediment sources and transport routes. Sediments in the northern SCS (north of 20°N) between the southwest of Taiwan Island and the outer mouth of the Pearl River have high contents of illite and chlorite, which are derived mainly from sediments on Taiwan Island and/or the Yangtze River. Sediments from the Pearl River are characterized by high kaolinite and low smectite content, and most are distributed in the area between the mouth of the Pearl River and northeast of Hainan Island and transported vertically from the continental shelf to the slope. Characterized by high illite content, sediments from Kalimantan Island are transported toward the Nansha Trough. Sediments from Luzon Island are related with volcanic materials, and are transported westwards according to smectite distribution. On the Sunda Shelf, sediments from the Mekong River are transported southeast in the north while sediments from the Indonesian islands are transported northward in the south. Ascertaining surface sediment sources and their transport routes will not only improve understanding of modern transportation and depositional processes, but also aid paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic analysis of the SCS.     

Clay mineral distribution in surface sediments of the South China Sea and its significance for in sediment sources and transport

Clay minerals of surface sediments in the South China Sea (SCS) are analyzed with X-ray diffraction, and their transport is explored with a grain size trend analysis (GSTA) model. Results show that clay mineral types in various sedimentary environments have different sediment sources and transport routes. Sediments in the northern SCS (north of 20°N) between the southwest of Taiwan Island and the outer mouth of the Pearl River have high contents of illite and chlorite, which are derived mainly from sediments on Taiwan Island and/or the Yangtze River. Sediments from the Pearl River are characterized by high kaolinite and low smectite content, and most are distributed in the area between the mouth of the Pearl River and northeast of Hainan Island and transported vertically from the continental shelf to the slope. Characterized by high illite content, sediments from Kalimantan Island are transported toward the Nansha Trough. Sediments from Luzon Island are related with volcanic materials, and are transported westwards according to smectite distribution. On the Sunda Shelf, sediments from the Mekong River are transported southeast in the north while sediments from the Indonesian islands are transported northward in the south. Ascertaining surface sediment sources and their transport routes will not only improve understanding of modern transportation and depositional processes, but also aid paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic analysis of the SCS.     

珠江三角洲两工业区土壤环境磁学初步研究

对珠江三角洲东莞石龙、顺德容奇—桂洲两工业区的土壤磁性进行初步研究,获得两地区6个柱样及48个表层样品的磁化率（X）和天然剩余磁化强度（NRM）的结果,石龙地区的X,NRM的垂直变化平均值分别为10．86×10－6SI和6．73×10-6A·m－1,顺德容桂地区X,NRM的垂直变化平均值分别为96．84×10－6SI和31．49×10－6A·m－1,表层样容桂地区X和NRM值大于石龙地区,表明两地区土壤的磁载体存在明显的差异,磁记录大致能反映现代环境的信息。     

全球气候变暖对广州市土壤重金属污染的影响及其对策

针对重金属污染的特殊性和危害性以及广州市土壤重金属污染的现状,分析了全球气候变暖对广州市土壤重金属污染的可能影响,并根据新近提出的“化学定时炸弹”（ＣＴＢ）的新概念（思想）,初步提出了动态监控重金属污染以防止灾难性事件发生的基本对策。     

南海北部海洋沉积与环境研究的新篇章--南海北部开放航次沉积与环境研究内容及首航次采样成果

南海北部南临南海地块的主体部分,西部为印支地块,东靠台湾-菲律宾岛弧,地貌类型有海台、链状海山、海底谷和海底扇等。南海北部发育底辟构造、张性断层以及叠瓦状逆掩推覆构造和增生楔等,分布有珠江口、琼东南、莺歌海等常规油气盆地和琼东南-西沙海槽、台西南-东沙及笔架南新型能源——天然气水合物有利区。同时,南海北部受东亚冬季风影响,是现代南海冬季上升流所在地,     

海底天然气水合物分解与甲烷归宿研究进展

综述了近年来天然气水合物分解与甲烷归宿等方面的研究成果。天然气水合物的汇聚与地质构造或地层圈闭有关,其溶解受物质转换控制,分解则受热转换控制。水合物释放甲烷的运移方式包括分散式、中心式和大规模排放式。缺氧氧化和耗氧氧化是甲烷在海洋环境中的2种主要转化方式。天然气水合物释放甲烷的最终归宿主要为：①重新形成天然气水合物;②形成化能自养生物群落和沉淀出碳酸盐沉积;③与氧发生氧化后转变为CO2;④直接排放进入到大气中。沉积物中的微构造、化能自养生物群落、自生碳酸盐矿物及其碳氧同位素组成是水合物释放事件的指纹记录。     

南海北部边缘盆地氮气气源追踪与判识

南海北部边缘盆地油气勘探中陆续发现较丰富的二氧化碳(CO2)和氮气(N2)等非烃气气藏,同时亦发现了一些含N2、富N2的天然气层。这些CO2和N2非烃气主要富集于西北部边缘莺歌海盆地中央泥底辟带新近系及第四系浅层中。根据N2地质地球化学特征,可将本区N2划分为大气成因、壳源型有机成因和壳源型有机-无机混合成因三种主要成因类型。结合温压双控热模拟岩石产氮气实验结果,以及N2等非烃气在平面上分区分块、剖面上分带分层的局部性富集特点,追踪判识并确定N2气源主要由来自不同成熟演化阶段的中新统及上新统海相泥岩气源岩的N2与多种物理化学和岩石脱气作用所形成的无机N2相互混合而构成。     

南海典型断面表层沉积物中氧化还原敏感元素的分布特征及其控制因素

氧化还原敏感元素在环境研究中发挥着日益重要的作用,然而对于海底表层沉积物中氧化还原敏感元素的分布规律与特征的研究鲜有涉及。本文以采集自南海4条典型断面(18°N、10°N、6°N、113°E)的75个表层沉积物样品为研究对象,通过主量元素和微量元素(含氧化还原敏感元素Mo、V、U)分析,并结合沉积物粒度、元素富集系数等数据,探讨了表层沉积物中氧化还原敏感元素的分布特征及其控制因素。结果表明,研究区每个断面中的V、U含量变化趋势十分相似,Mo含量变化与V、U的总体变化趋势相近,但Mo在断面上的变化波动比V、U更强烈。4条断面中Mo平均含量表现出明显富集,除了V在断面Ⅰ中表现为轻度富集外,V和U平均含量都表现为亏损。影响沉积物中Mo、V、U含量分布的因素主要包括陆源碎屑含量、生物碳酸盐含量、细粒沉积物的吸附作用和氧化还原环境等。所有断面中V和U的含量分布主要受控于陆源碎屑组分,同时也受到生物碳酸盐含量和细粒沉积物的吸附作用的影响,氧化还原环境对其含量影响较小,受环境影响的自生组分含量较低。Mo的含量分布主要受控于海底氧化还原环境,陆源碎屑组分的贡献和细粒沉积物吸附作用的影响较小,受环境影响的自生组分含量较高。西南次海盆的Mo含量及其富集系数都较低,可能是由于西南次海盆的底流活动使其海底存在氧化环境所致。