Examining spatiotemporal distribution and CPUE-environment relationships for the jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas offshore Peru based on spatial autoregressive model

The spatiotemporal distribution and relationship between nominal catch-per-unit-ef fort(CPUE) and environment for the jumbo flying squid( Dosidicus gigas) were examined in of fshore Peruvian waters during 2009–2013. Three typical oceanographic factors aff ecting the squid habitat were investigated in this research, including sea surface temperature(SST), sea surface salinity(SSS) and sea surface height(SSH). We studied the CPUE-environment relationships for D. gigas using a spatially-lagged version of spatial autoregressive(SAR) model and a generalized additive model(GAM), with the latter for auxiliary and comparative purposes. The annual fishery centroids were distributed broadly in an area bounded by 79.5°–82.7°W and 11.9°–17.1°S, while the monthly fishery centroids were spatially close and lay in a smaller area bounded by 81.0°–81.2°W and 14.3°–15.4°S. Our results show that the preferred environmental ranges for D. gigas offshore Peru were 20.9°–21.9°C for SST, 35.16–35.32 for SSS and 27.2–31.5 cm for SSH in the areas bounded by 78°–80°W/82–84°W and 15°–18°S. Monthly spatial distributions during October to December were predicted using the calibrated GAM and SAR models and general similarities were found between the observed and predicted patterns for the nominal CPUE of D. gigas. The overall accuracies for the hotspots generated by the SAR model were much higher than those produced by the GAM model for all three months. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the spatiotemporal distributions of D. gigas off shore Peru, and off er a new SAR modeling method for advancing fishery science.     

秘鲁外海茎柔鱼渔场分布与表温及表温距平值关系的初步探讨

根据2006年6~11月我国远洋船队秘鲁茎柔鱼生产统计及其表温(SST)、表温距平值(SSTA)数据,利用GIS软件ArcGIS9.0,对各月平均日产量(CPUE)和SST、SSTA关系的分布图进行绘制并分析,计算作业渔场重心。结果表明,6~8月的产量和CPUE比其他月份高。6~11月作业渔场在80°W~85°W,10°S~15°S,渔场重心在81°W~84°W,11°S~14°S。产量主要集中在12°~14°S海域,约占年总产量的72.72%,与2004-2005年有较大差异。6月作业渔场的SST为21~23℃,7、8月分别为19~21℃和18~20℃,9~11月为18~21℃。6月作业渔场的SSTA为0.1~0.2℃,7、8月分别为0.5~0.7℃,9~11月分别为0.2~0.6℃、1.0~1.4℃和0.4~0.7℃。研究认为,茎柔鱼渔场分布与SST、SSTA关系密切,可作为寻找中心渔场的海洋环境指标。     

智利外海茎柔鱼生物学特性的初步研究

根据2007年1月和5～6月我国鱿钓船在智利外海的调查数据,对茎柔鱼生物学特性进行初步分析。结果表明:该地区茎柔鱼胴长范围287～702 mm,优势胴长为380～430 mm,占64.2%;体重范围0.63～11.3 kg,优势体重为0.5～2.0 kg,占75.6%;调查海区渔获个体自西向东、自南往北呈现增大趋势;依据胴长组成推断调查海域可能存在3个群体。生长指数大于3,与秘鲁外海茎柔鱼相近;雌雄性比约为3:1,性腺成熟度以Ⅰ期为主,占92%;摄食等级0～2级为主,约占73%;当地时间00:00后摄食量增大,胃含物以鱿鱼和中上层小型鱼类为主。     

夏季东海渔场鲐鱼产量与海洋环境因子的关系

根据2002～2004年7～9月我国东海灯光围网渔业生产统计数据,结合卫星遥感获取的海表面温度(Sea surface temperature, SST)、叶绿素a浓度及海面高度数据(Sea surface height,SSH),分析鲐鱼渔场分布与其SST、叶绿素a浓度和SSH之间的关系.统计各月鲐鱼产量在SST、叶绿素a浓度上的频次分布,以确定各月中心渔场的最适SST和叶绿素a浓度范围,并对不同月份鲐鱼产量与SST和叶绿素a浓度关系进行分析和比较.利用Marine Explore4.0软件将每日鲐鱼产量和SSH图像进行空间展布,分析中心渔场形成与SSH分布的内在规律.研究结果显示,鲐鱼产量和当年SST成正比,东海SST的高低基本上决定了当年鲐鱼产量的高低,但并未发现叶绿素a浓度越高渔获产量也越高的规律,说明叶绿素a浓度并非鲐鱼渔场形成的最主要因素.夏季东海SST、叶绿素a浓度分布状况及其分布的季节变化决定了夏季东海鲐鱼作业渔场在东海南部和北部适宜SST、叶绿素a浓度不同的范围,但各年渔场SST以及叶绿素a浓度分布的总体趋势一致,鲐鱼产量集中分布在叶绿素a浓度较低、SST较高的东海南部渔场和叶绿素a浓度较高、SST较低的东海北部长江口渔场:7、8月鲐鱼中心渔场分布在东海南部海域,最适SST分别为27～29 ℃和28～30 ℃,最适叶绿素a浓度均为0.10～0.30 mg/m3;9月东海南部渔场最适SST为27～28 ℃,最适叶绿素a浓度为0.10～0.30 mg/m3,东海北部渔场最适SST为26～27 ℃,最适叶绿素a浓度为1.00～3.00 mg/m3.鲐鱼渔场和SSH之间有很好的匹配关系,中心鱼场通常位于SSH极大值和极小值交汇的海域、并靠近极大值海域一侧,即出现在冷水团和暖水团交汇区靠近暖水团一侧.研究表明,渔场最适SST和叶绿素a浓度以及SSH作为确定潜在中心渔场的指标各具优势,将三者结合、综合分析,预报潜在渔场的位置更为可靠.     

北极头足类种类组成及分布研究进展

头足类种类众多,分布范围广,是世界上最具开发潜力的海洋生物类群之一,近年来,北极海域渔业资源开发得到了世界各国的重视。据统计,头足类在北极海域共14科26属约43种,分别隶属于乌贼目、八腕目和枪形目,主要种类为僧头乌贼(Rossia palpebrosa)、莫氏僧头乌贼(Rossia moelleri)、深海多足蛸(Bathypolypus arcticus)、深海蛸(Benthoctopus piscatorum)、西伯利亚深海蛸(Benthoctopus sibiricus)、须蛸(Cirroteuthis muelleri)和黵乌贼(Gonatus fabricii),北极大部分头足类都是通过探捕、兼捕或者从其他动物胃含物中获得,大部分分布在格陵兰海、挪威海和巴伦支海等海域。黵乌贼资源丰度为最高,但目前均没有商业性开发。本综述系统收集了分布在北极的头足类种类及其有关资料,为北极头足类资源合理开发及研究北极海域生态系统提供了基础资料。     

西北太平洋柔鱼角质颚微结构及其生长纹周期性研究

本文分析了采集于北太平洋海域的35尾柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)角质颚的微结构,并对其生长纹的周期性进行了验证。研究结果显示:上颚喙部截面由头盖和脊突两部分组成,周期性的生长带明显,每条生长带由明、暗相间的两条生长纹组成。头盖部的生长纹明显比脊突部的清晰,两者交汇于内轴成""形。喙部顶端以及后端常有明显的标记轮,其形成与个体发育期的特殊事件以及外界的突发事件有关。角质颚生长纹数目与耳石日龄相当(P0.05),证明柔鱼角质颚生长纹的沉积为"一日一纹"。根据角质颚生长纹估算柔鱼的生命周期小于1年,样本胴长、体重和角质颚喙长与日龄呈显著的逻辑斯蒂关系。研究结果不仅为柔鱼类年龄鉴定和生长估算提供新方法,而且为我国头足类学者开展相关研究提供重要基础。     

塔中地区石炭系层序地层分析与沉积相研究

通过层序地层学的划分与对比，将塔中地区石炭系划分为4个沉积层序．该区石炭系沉积相主要以滨海相沉积为主，在滨海相沉积背景下出现了海滩与潮滩两种不同的沉积体系．此外还发育有台地相、三角洲及辫状河三角洲沉积体系等，沉积相按其发育时间和平面上的展布特征，可以归为4类沉积体系组合：海滩(前滨、临滨)-局限台地组合、(潟湖-)潮滩(潮上、潮间及潮下)-局限台地组合、辫状河．(辫状)三角洲．局限台地组合、台地潮坪-局限台地-开阔台地组合。沉积环境经历了滨海-局限台地-滨海-局限台地的演变过程，发育砂岩和碳酸盐岩两类储层，并发育有良好的区域性盖层。     

Age, maturation, and population structure of the Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas off the Peruvian Exclusive Economic Zones

Age, maturation and population structure of the Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas were studied based on random sampling of the Chinese jigging fishery off the Peruvian Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) during 2008–2010. Estimated ages ranged from 144 to 633 days, confirming that the squid is a short-lived species with longevity no longer than 2 years. Occurrence of mature females and hatching in each month indicated that Humboldt squid spawned year-round. Back-calculated hatching dates for the samples were from January 22^nd, 2008 to April 22^nd, 2010 with a peak between January and March. Two size-based and two hatching date-based populations could be defined from mantle length (ML) at maturity and back-calculated hatching dates, respectively. Females matured at a larger size than males, and there was a significant difference in ML at maturity between the two hatching groups (P <0.05). The waters adjacent to 11°S off the Peruvian EEZ may be a potential spawning ground. This study shows the complexity of the population structure and large variability in key life history parameters in the Humboldt squid off the Peruvian EEZ, which should be considered in the assessment and management of this important resource.     

Evaluating the impact of spatio-temporal scale on CPUE standardization

This study focused on the quantitative evaluation of the impact of the spatio-temporal scale used in data collection and grouping on the standardization of CPUE(catch per unit effort).We used the Chinese squid-jigging fishery in the northwestern Pacific Ocean as an example to evaluate 24 scenarios at different spatio-temporal scales,with a combination of four levels of temporal scale(weekly,biweekly,monthly,and bimonthly)and six levels of spatial scale(longitude×latitude:0.5°×0.5°,0.5°×1°,0.5°×2°,1°×0.5°,1°×1°,and 1°×2°).We applied generalized additive models and generalized linear models to analyze the24 scenarios for CPUE standardization,and then the differences in the standardized CPUE among these scenarios were quantified.This study shows that combinations of different spatial and temporal scales could have different impacts on the standardization of CPUE.However,at a fine temporal scale(weekly)different spatial scales yielded similar results for standardized CPUE.The choice of spatio-temporal scale used in data collection and analysis may create added uncertainty in fisheries stock assessment and management.To identify a cost-effective spatio-temporal scale for data collection,we recommend a similar study be undertaken to facilitate the design of effective monitoring programs.     

A comparison of fishery biology of jumbo flying squid, Dosidicus gigas outside three Exclusive Economic Zones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean

Although many studies on the fishery biology of jumbo flying squid, Dosidicus gigas, have been conducted in the coastal areas within Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of various countries due to its commercial and ecological importance, limited biological information is available from waters outside these EEZs. In this paper, we examined D. gigas fishery biology from waters outside Chilean, Peruvian and Costa Rican EEZs, based on the fishery data collected by Chinese jigging vessels during 2006 to 2010. The dominant mantle lengths of D. gigas were 350–450 mm, 250–400 mm and 250–350 mm outside Chilean, Peruvian and Costa Rican EEZs, respectively. Size structure analysis show that a medium-sized group existed mostly in the waters outside the Chilean and Peruvian EEZs, whereas a small-sized group occurred mainly in the waters outside the Costa Rican EEZ. The longevity of the squid outside the Costa Rican EEZ was less than 10 months, while most of those outside Chilean and Peruvian EEZs were about 1–1.5 years and very few large individuals were 1.5–2 years old. A higher percentage of mature individuals existed outside Costa Rican EEZ implying the region as a potential spawning ground, while lower proportions of mature squid outside the Peruvian and Chilean EEZs indicated that spawning may be occurring outside our study area. Spatial differences in sizes at maturity of the squid are thought to be result from different environmental factors especially different temperature and nutrition among the three areas. Stomach-content analysis showed that cannibalism was important in the diet of D. gigas. Stress generated by jigging may increase the incidence of cannibalism.